牛津英語高一必修一總結(jié)報(bào)告
篇一:牛津英語高一必修一總結(jié)
enjoy: enjoy doing sth. enjoy oneselfenjoyable: adj 有樂趣的,令人愉快的 experience:n:可數(shù)名詞:經(jīng)歷不可數(shù)名詞:經(jīng)驗(yàn) v: 經(jīng)歷
experienced : be experienced in He is very experienced in looking after animals. earn: earn one’s living:謀生She earns her living by writing.
respect: show on
e’s respects to; respect sb for sth.
devote:v.致力于;獻(xiàn)身 devote one’s time to…; devote one’s life to…
average:above/below the average on average ; an average of…
A reporter said that women lived an average of 5 years longer than men.
struggle: struggle to do sth,struggle with/for/against
The children talked so loudly that I had to struggle to __________ (hear).
challenging: face a challenge: 面臨挑戰(zhàn); meet the challenge of :迎接……挑戰(zhàn) I am looking forward to the challenge of my new job.
School must meet the challenge of new technology.
satisfaction satisfysatisfying
be satisfied with… She was not satisfied with the outcome of her effort.
She looked at his face with satisfaction.
exchange:in exchange forexchange…for… exchange sth. with sb.
Would you like my old TV in exchange for the camera
You can exchange your currency for dollars in this hotel.
free : free of charge for freebe free to do
The expressways’ toll gates are __________ during the eight-day “Golden Week” holiday.
I can offer you breakfast for free.
former: adj 以前的 the former the latterformer president
Jane and Mary are good friends, the former is a teacher, the latter is a nurse. graduate: graduate from(學(xué)校) graduate in (專業(yè))graduation
develop :with the development of…
gift: have a gift for:gifted
He has a gift for language, while his sister is a gifted pianist.
independent : be independent of… depend onindependence
It was very important for me to be financially independent of my parents. inform: inform sb. thatinform sb. of sth.keep ab. informed
Please inform us of the further information as soon as possible.
We will keep you informed of our progress and look forward to hearing from you. approve: 批準(zhǔn),通過,贊成approve of
No teachers can approve of cheating on exams.
charge: in charge ofin the charge of free of charge 免費(fèi)
charge sb. … 要某人多少錢 be charged with: 被指控 take charge of: 接管 select:選擇 select sb. as…select sb. to do
more than no more than 不超過 no more… than… 和一樣不
not more…than… 沒有 那樣 more… than… 與其說 不如說 frighten : be frightened to do…be frightened of doing… be frightened to death bend :bend over :附身bend to : 屈服 bend one’s attention on…專心于 starve: starve to deathstarve for… 渴望starvation
tolerate: tolerate doingNobody can tolerate being laughed at in public.
deserve:deserve to do 值得… deserve doing= deserve to be done
He deserves rewarding.
can hardly wait to do … can’t wait for…
be supposed to do… teachers are supposed to treat all students alike.
be supposed to have done: He was supposed to have finished his homework last night. insist: insist on doinginsist that sb. should do
worry : worry aboutbe worried about…
harm:do harm to …be harmful to…
forbid: forbid sb. from doing… forbid sb. to do…
tend: tend to do… tend to sb. 照顧…
mix: mix up 弄混mix with相融 mix … up with把。。。和。。。弄混 figure: 體形;數(shù)據(jù);人物 figure out 想出 理解
We should try to learn from our mistakes and figure out how to do it better.
ashamed: be ashamed of… be ashamed that… be shamed to do…
recover: recover from…
prefer:prefer to do… prefer doing to doingprefer to do… rather than do
Rather than travel abroad with her parents, she preferred to do volunteer work during
the holiday.
suffer: suffer+損失 suffer from+ 疾病 傷痛 sufferings 痛苦
Although the old man suffered a lot in the disaster, he did not tell others his sufferings. consider: consider doing … consider … as… consider that
effect: have no effect on… take effect 生效 come into effect 生效 side effect 副作用 make the most of : make use of…make good use of … make the best of…
make full use of…make little use of…
in the long term:從長遠(yuǎn)角度看 in terms of:就而言
Those who do everything in terms of money won’t lead a happy life.
篇二:高一英語必修一知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
1. be good to 對(duì)……友好 be good for 對(duì)……有益;be bad to…/be bad for…
2. add up 加起來 增加
add up to 合計(jì),總計(jì)
add… to 把……加到……
3. not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”
4. get sth/sb done 使……完成/使某人被……
5. calm down平靜下來
6. be concerned about 關(guān)心 關(guān)注
7. 當(dāng)while, when, before, after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞省去。
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
8. cheat in the exam 考試作弊
9. go through 經(jīng)歷;度過;獲準(zhǔn),通過
10. hide away 躲藏;隱藏
11. set down 寫下,記下
12. I wonder if….. 我不知道是不是….
12. on purpose 故意
13. sth happen to sb 某人發(fā)生某事
sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事
it so happened that ……正巧 碰巧
14. It is the first (second…) that… (從句謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
15. in one’s power 處于……的控制之中
16. It’s no pleasure doing…. 做…..沒有樂趣
It’s no good/ use doing sth. 做某事是沒好處/沒用的
17. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. it做形式賓語
18. suffer from 患…病;遭受
19. so…that… /such…thay…
20. get tired of…. 對(duì)…感到勞累 疲憊
21. have some trouble with sb/sth. 在……上遇到了麻煩
22. get along with sb/sth. 與某人相處
23. ask(sb)for advice. (向某人)征求建議
24. make 后接復(fù)合賓語,賓語補(bǔ)足語須用不帶to 的不定式、形容詞、過去分詞、名詞等。常見的有以下幾種形式:
make sb. do sth.讓 (使)某人做某事
make sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人/物…
make sb./ oneself +v-ed 讓某人/自己被…
When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
make sb.+n. 使某人成為…
25. alone /lonely. 單獨(dú)的/孤獨(dú)的
26. I would be grateful if… 委婉客氣提出請(qǐng)求
27. Why not do….. = why don’t you do…
Unit 2 English around the world
1. because of 因?yàn)椤?(注意和because 的區(qū)別)
2. even if (= even thoug)即使,用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
3. come up 走上前來,走近,發(fā)生,出現(xiàn) come up with 追上,趕上,提出
4. communicate with sb 和某人交流
5. be different from… 與……不同
be different in … 在……方面不同
Most of my projects are different in performance.
我多數(shù)作品的演奏風(fēng)格都不同。
6. be based on 以……為基礎(chǔ)
7. at present 目前,眼下for the present眼前;暫時(shí)
8. make (good/better/full)use of
9. the latter后者 the former 前者
10. a large number of 大量的 the number of …的數(shù)量
11. such as 例如
12. hold on 堅(jiān)持住,握住不放;(打電話時(shí))等—會(huì)
13. … you will hear the difference in the way(that/ in which) people speak.
你會(huì)聽出人們?cè)谡f話時(shí)的差異。
14. play a role/ part (in) 在…中擔(dān)任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一個(gè)角色
15. the same …as… 與……一樣
16. at the top of…在…頂上
at the bottom of 在……底部
17. bring up 教養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育;提出
18. request sb (not) to do sth. 要求某人做/不要做某事
19. be satisfied with…對(duì)……感到滿意,滿足于
20. suggest v. (request,insist…)
I suggested you do what he says. 我建議你按照他說的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天還是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他蒼白的臉色暗示了他身體不好。
注意:insist 意思為“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)后面的that從句用虛擬語氣;如果insist 意為“強(qiáng)調(diào),堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”的時(shí)候,從句可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她沒撒謊。
21. according to…. 按照… 根據(jù)…
Unit 3 Travel journal
1.prefer
Prefer doing …to doing…
Prefer to do rather than do
2.advantages /disadvantages 優(yōu)勢(shì)/劣勢(shì)
2.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 從高中起,我姐姐王維和我就一直夢(mèng)想做一次偉大的自行車旅行。
連詞since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般過去時(shí),介詞since 與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用
It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí) 自從……至今已經(jīng)多久了。
3. persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說服某人做某事
4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來說,如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí),用連詞that或who;如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物,只能用連詞that。
not … until 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句
5.be fond of 喜歡,喜愛
6. Although 盡管,雖然,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
、 although 從句多在句首, though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置,而且though 可以作副詞用于句末,作“但是,不過”講,而although 無此用法。
、 as though(仿佛,好像),even though(即使,盡管)中不能用although。
、 though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以倒裝(將表語、狀語、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形前置到句首,此用法同as),而 although 不可以。
7. insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、堅(jiān)持主張
She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly.
她老是一大早起來把收音機(jī)音量開大
11.care about 關(guān)心 在乎
care for 喜歡,照料,照顧
12.change one’s mind 改變主意
13. experience 經(jīng)歷/經(jīng)驗(yàn)
14. Once 可作為從屬連詞,作“一(旦)……就……”解,連接一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來。
Once you have begun you must continue.15. give in 讓步 give up 放棄
16. instead of 代替,而不是
17. make up one’s mind to do下定決心做某事
18.a large parcel of 一大包
19.as usual 像往常一樣
20.put up our tent 搭帳篷
21.stay awake 睡不著,醒著 stay up 熬夜
22. for company 做伴
23.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下
24.can hardly wait to do=can’t wait to do迫不及待做某事
25.go in the right direction 走正確的方向
26. at a very slow pace. 以很慢的速度
27.be similar to 類似于
28.afford to do sth 付得起,能承擔(dān)
29.be tired from 因……而疲勞 be tired of 對(duì)……厭倦
30. be in high spirits 喜氣洋洋,興高采烈
31.come true 實(shí)現(xiàn),成真
32. give sb some advice on doing...
33. a guide to… ……的指南
34.on a tour 在游覽中,在巡演中
35.in detail 詳細(xì)地
Unit 4 Earthquakes
1. right away毫不遲疑,立刻
2. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。
從句表示“(在某人)看來好像;似乎”
、 It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起來好像…
、 Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…
③ There seems/appears(to be)…
There appears to have been a mistake.
2. in ruins. 變?yōu)閺U墟
3. Two-thirds
4. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5. under the weight of 在……重壓下,迫于
6. in the open air 在戶外,在野外,露天
7. take turns to do sth依次,輪流做某事
in turn 依次地,輪流地
8. be shocked at 對(duì)……感到震驚
9. be proud of 以……為自豪
10. express one’s thanks to sb /for sth… 對(duì)/因……表示感謝
11. without warning 毫無預(yù)兆
12. next to緊接著,相鄰,次于
13. get away from… 避免,擺脫,離開
14. disaster-hit areas災(zāi)區(qū)
15. Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody.
聽英語是一項(xiàng)很重要的技能,因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)我們懂得別人給我們說什么我們才能與他交談。
16. It is believed that 人們認(rèn)為…
17. hold up 舉起;托住;支撐列舉,推舉
18. make up 彌補(bǔ), 虛構(gòu), 整理, 和解,化妝,拼湊
19. be trapped in 被困于…
20. It is said that… 據(jù)說...
21. be fixed to…被固定到……
22. be tied to … 被綁在……
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
1. devotes… to doing奉于
2. fight against 對(duì)抗,反對(duì),與……作斗爭
3. selflessly 無私地
4. be free from 免于,不受
5. be in prison 入獄,在獄中服刑
6. the first man to do 第一個(gè)…的人
7. The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.
第一次見到他的時(shí)候是在我一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期。
8. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間,我為此非常感激。
9. become out of work. 失業(yè)
10. hope that…/to do
11. as soon as I could 盡快, 馬上
12. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
我們被置于這樣一個(gè)境地:要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí),要么跟政府作斗爭。
13. Only 位于句首,修飾狀語從句時(shí),主句采用部分倒裝的語序。
Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有這樣,你才能想出解決這個(gè)問題的辦法。
14. as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上
15. blow up 爆炸,打氣
16. be equal to 和…平等
17. in trouble 處于困境 遇到麻煩
18. be willing to do sth. 愿意,樂于
19. turn to 變成;求助于,借助于, 翻到,轉(zhuǎn)向
turn to sb for help 向某人求助
20. lose heart 灰心;泄氣, 喪失勇氣,失去信心
21. escape from 逃脫,逃離,從……逃出
22. should have done 本應(yīng)做而未做
needn’t have done 本不需要做而做了
can’t have done 過去不可能做過(對(duì)過去的否定推測(cè))
must have done 對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè)
23. pass the exam. 通過考試
24. be better educated 受到良好教育
25. come to power 執(zhí)政
26. be proud to do sth.be proud of sth 為…而自豪
27. set up 創(chuàng)立,建立,架起,建造
The company was set up ten years ago. 公司是十年前建立的。
28. be sentenced to … 被判處……
29. Do you have any thoughts on that你認(rèn)為那怎么樣?
30. to my understanding 按我的理解 to my opinion
31. be accepted by … 被……錄取、接受
32. die from死于…(事故等外部原因) die of 死于… (疾病等自身原因)
33. under way 正在進(jìn)行
34. point of view 觀點(diǎn)
35. compete with… 與……競(jìng)爭
36. advise v.
advise + n./pron.advise + doingadvise sb. to do sth.
advise + that從句(從句的謂語用“should + v原”, should 常省略)
注:與advise用法類似的動(dòng)詞如forbid,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞,但接賓補(bǔ)時(shí)后跟不定式。
如:We forbid smoking here.
We forbid you to smoke here.
篇三:高中英語必修一知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
1)add vt/vi加;添加;增添
add up合計(jì) 加起來,但在口語中有時(shí)用于否定句,表示“莫名其妙,不說明問題”。 add up to 總計(jì)共達(dá),所有一切都說明,總而言之。
add sth(to sth)把加到里去。
add to 增加,擴(kuò)建。
add 表示“繼續(xù)說,補(bǔ)充說”。
區(qū)別add和increase
add意思是“加,增加”,強(qiáng)調(diào)添加;蛘弑硎緦(shù)字加起來求和。
increase“增加”,表示在數(shù)量,產(chǎn)量,尺寸,程度等方面的增加。
2)cheat v 欺騙;作弊 n 騙子;作弊者;騙人的事
cheat sb of sthcheat sth out of sb 從某人處欺詐某物
cheat on/at/in 作弊,欺詐
3)list v 將事物列于表上;編事物的目錄 n 名單;目錄;一覽表
make a list of 造表,列表
takeoff the list 從表上去掉
stand first on the list 居首位,列前茅
as listed above 如上所列
3)share
share in 分享,分擔(dān),共用
share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物
share out 分配,分發(fā);得到股息,升股息
share(n.)in/of 一分,部分
4)trust vi/vt 信任,信賴;依賴
trust in 相信,信任,信仰
trust to 依靠(運(yùn)氣等),依賴
trust that希望,想
5)suffer vt/vi 遭受,受到,蒙受;受痛苦,受折磨,受懲罰,受損傷 suffer from 受傷害;患病痛
注意:suffer 和 suffer from 都不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)
6)calm vt/vi/adj. 使平靜;使鎮(zhèn)定。平靜的,鎮(zhèn)靜的,沉著的。
calm down 平靜下來,鎮(zhèn)定下來
quite指人對(duì)外界事物感觸的安靜。對(duì)人時(shí),側(cè)重不激動(dòng),平靜溫和,不發(fā)表意見。 still指完全沒有聲音或者沒有動(dòng)靜,突然靜止不動(dòng)。
silent主要指人不愛說話,沉默不語。
7)concern
be concerned about 擔(dān)心,關(guān)心
as/so far asbe concerned 關(guān)于,至于,就某人而言
have no concern for 毫不關(guān)心
concern oneself in/with/about sth 忙于,從事;關(guān)心,關(guān)切
have a concern in 和有厲害關(guān)系
be concerned in/with 參與,與有關(guān)
8)separate v/adj 分開,和分手;單獨(dú)的,分開的,不同的`
separatefrom 使和分離
9)reason
lose one’s reason 失去理智,發(fā)狂
by reason of 由于
bring sb to reason 說服某人理智些
within reason 合理
without reason 不合理
listen to reason 聽從道理
reason sb into/out of sth 以理說服某人做/不做某事
10)power
beyond /out of one’s power 力所不及的,不能勝任的
=not within one’s power
in power 當(dāng)權(quán)的,握有政權(quán)的
come into power掌權(quán),得勢(shì)
11)habit
form / make a habit of doing=make it a habit to do sth 養(yǎng)成做某事的習(xí)慣
be in the habit of 有的習(xí)慣
fall/get into a habit of 沾染(養(yǎng)成)習(xí)慣
break(off)a habit=get out a habit 戒除一種習(xí)慣
form good habits 養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)
out of habit 出于習(xí)慣
12)according to為介詞短語,后跟名詞,代詞,不能很從句,表示“根據(jù);按照;試而定”。
according to其后引出的信息應(yīng)來自別人或者別處,不能來自說話者自己。
according to其后不能跟opinion,view等名詞。
according as 相當(dāng)于連詞,后跟從句,意為“正像,根據(jù),按照,如果”。
13)join in
區(qū)別join;join in;take part in;attend
join 參加某個(gè)組織或者團(tuán)體(黨派,軍隊(duì)等),并且成為其中的一員。
join in 參加正在進(jìn)行著的活動(dòng),如游戲,討論,辯論,談話等。
take part in 參加會(huì)議或者群眾性的活動(dòng),并且在其中法會(huì)一定的作用。
attend 參加會(huì)議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、上課、上學(xué)、聽報(bào)告等。重在強(qiáng)調(diào)“參與”的動(dòng)作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)參加者的作用。
14)dare
作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化,也有時(shí)態(tài)的變化;作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用于否定句,疑問句和條件句中,有時(shí)態(tài)的變化,但是沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
、僭诳隙〒(jù)中的dare,dares,dared之后,不定式一遍加to。
②在否定句中和疑問句中的dare之后,不定時(shí)一般不加to。
③在用do或者does構(gòu)成的否定句和疑問句中,理論上雖然應(yīng)該有to,實(shí)際使用卻經(jīng)常把to省略。
I dare say我敢打賭說
15)go through 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受;通過考試;經(jīng)過;審閱;檢查
go with 伴隨,與協(xié)調(diào) go up 上升;建起;上漲 go over檢查,審查;復(fù)習(xí),重溫 go out 熄滅;公布;播出 go ahead 進(jìn)行,進(jìn)展;(with)贊同 go into從事,參加(某一行業(yè));調(diào)查
16)get along with 同相處;進(jìn)展
get away 離開;逃避 get back 回來;拿回 get down 拿下;寫下 get in 進(jìn)入;收獲 get down to 開始認(rèn)真做 get on/off 上/下車 get over 克服;戰(zhàn)勝 get across 被理解 get through 完成;通過;接通電話 get up 起床 get it 明白,理解;猜中
17)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),也可以叫做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在格式上沒有謂語動(dòng)詞,在句中常作狀語,表示伴隨,原因,方式,條件等。
①with+名詞+介詞短語。在句中作狀語,作后置定語。
②with+名詞/代詞+過去分詞。其中過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或者完成了的動(dòng)作。
③with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。其中現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
、躻ith+名詞/代詞+不定式。其中不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
、輜ith+名詞/代詞+形容詞。
18)no longer=notany longer 表示不再繼續(xù)或者再現(xiàn)過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生或存在而一直延續(xù)的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)時(shí),常用于過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者將來時(shí)的句子中。
no more=notany more 表示再也不重復(fù)過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),常用于過去時(shí)或者將來時(shí)的句子中。
When he saw the toy,the baby cried no longer.當(dāng)看到玩具時(shí),那嬰兒不再哭了。
Now she wasn’t afraid any more..現(xiàn)在她再也不害怕了。
19)①settle down to 決心去做,專心去做settle on/upon 決定,選定②have trouble with 使傷腦筋,苦惱;跟某人鬧別扭
ask for trouble 自討苦吃 be in trouble 在困境中,有糾紛 get sb into trouble 陷入困境 make trouble 惹麻煩 put sb to trouble 麻煩某人 take the trouble to do 費(fèi)力做
3.語法
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(注意:變化時(shí)句子一定為陳述句語序。)
人稱的變化
、僦苯右Z中主語第一人稱或者被第一人稱所修飾,人稱要與“講話人”的人稱一致。 ②直接引語的第二人稱,或者被第二人稱所修飾,人稱要與“聽話人”的人稱一致。 ③直接引語中的第三人稱不變化。
“一隨主,二隨賓,第三人稱不更改”。
二、時(shí)態(tài)的變化
直接引語——間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過去時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)——過去完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過去完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)——過去完成時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)——過去將來時(shí)
時(shí)態(tài)不變化的情況:
①直接引語是客觀真理。
②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
、壑苯右Z中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
、苤苯右Z如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,變間接引語,時(shí)態(tài)不變。
、萑绻苯右Z中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí),(例:could, should, would, might)不再變。
第二單元
1)include
include是及物動(dòng)詞,后跟名詞,代詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語,或者跟賓語+介詞短語等。
including通常為介詞,相當(dāng)于having(sb/sth)as a part,包括(某人某物)在內(nèi),可與過去分詞included互換。
2)present
作形容詞,若表示“在場(chǎng)的,出席的”通常用作標(biāo)標(biāo)語或者后置定語;若表示“現(xiàn)在的,現(xiàn)有的”,通常用作前置定語。
作名詞,也可以表示“目前,現(xiàn)在”,多與the連用,常用的詞組at present“現(xiàn)在,目前”;還可以表示“禮物”含有“捐贈(zèng)”的意思。常有的詞組有make sb a present of 表示“將某物贈(zèng)送給某人”。
作動(dòng)詞,表示“贈(zèng)送,給與”,后跟雙賓語;也可表示為“正式介紹,引見某人(尤指向級(jí)別、地位較高的人)”。
常見用法present one’s apologies/compliments/respects表示某人的歉意/贊揚(yáng)/敬意present oneself 出席,列席; present itself 出現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)。
3)rule
rule over sb/sth 統(tǒng)治某人/某物 rule sth/sb out 把某人/某物排除在外
as a rule 在大多數(shù)情況下,通常
表示“控制;影響”時(shí)多用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
作名詞時(shí)表示“規(guī)則,規(guī)章,條例;慣常用法;統(tǒng)治;尺”。
4)recognize
為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不用于進(jìn)行時(shí);強(qiáng)調(diào)原來認(rèn)識(shí)的東西意為“認(rèn)出,分辨出”。
表示“承認(rèn)某人/某物有效或者屬實(shí)”有時(shí)與as連用。
與名詞或者名詞詞組連用,that引導(dǎo)的從句連用,也可表示“認(rèn)識(shí)到,認(rèn)清某事物”。
5)commend
作動(dòng)詞多為及物動(dòng)詞,表示命令,后接名詞+不定式。
表示“統(tǒng)率,指揮,控制,掌握”,后常接賓語。
作動(dòng)詞或名詞都可以跟從句,從句中用should(常省略)+動(dòng)詞原形。
作名詞常用詞組有:in commend of 統(tǒng)率的 under the commend of 被統(tǒng)率的
get/obtian commend of 控制 take commend of 開始擔(dān)任的指揮 has commend of 掌握 at/by sb’s commend 奉某人命令的,受某人指揮的 commend oneself 控制自己
6)request
作動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用的句型:request sb to do sth;request that sb (should)do sth;
request of sb +that從句
作名詞時(shí)常用的習(xí)語有:at sb’s request/at the request of sb 應(yīng)某人的要求 by request of 由于受到的要求 make a request for sth from sb 向某人要求某物
7)explain
可作及物或者不及物動(dòng)詞,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),間接賓語前要加to。例如:
The teacher explains to the class the questions.
The teacher explains the questions to the class. 老師向全班解釋了這個(gè)問題。
explain可接連接代詞,連接副詞或者that引導(dǎo)的從句。還可以接連接代詞或者連接副詞所
引導(dǎo)的不定式短語。
8)however
作副詞,若表示轉(zhuǎn)折,意為“但是,然而,不過”,可放在句首,句中,句末,要用逗號(hào)分開;若修飾形容詞或者副詞,意為“無論如何,無論怎樣”。
作連詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。意為“不管怎樣,不管用什么方式”。
9)imagine
是動(dòng)詞,意為“想象,設(shè)想,猜想”后跟名詞,動(dòng)名詞,從句(imagine多以否定形式出現(xiàn)),還可以與as連用。
imagine oneself 表示“想像一下,你若”后面所跟的to be結(jié)構(gòu)常被省略。
10)such as與for example的區(qū)別
都可以作例如講,但是such as用來列舉事物,放在被列舉事物和前面的名詞之間,后直接跟名詞,沒有逗號(hào),一般不如and so on 連用;for example用來舉例說明,有時(shí)可作獨(dú)立句,插在句子中,后面一般用逗號(hào)隔開。
such as 不能將前面所述的數(shù)量全部列出;such作形容詞,可與as在句中分開使用,表示“像這樣的”,as是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作主語或者是賓語。
11)more than
①more than與數(shù)詞連用,意為“超過,多于”。
、趍ore than+名詞,表示超出該名詞所指,意思為“不止,不僅僅是”。
③more than+加形容詞或者動(dòng)詞,表示加重語氣,意思是“很,非常”。
④more than+(that)從句,其基本意義是超過,但可譯為“簡直不,遠(yuǎn)非”
⑤more than之間加入形容詞或者副詞,有兩種含義:一中是普通的比較級(jí)用法;另外一種是用來表示“與其說倒不如說”。
12)base sth on/upon 意為“以為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)”,被動(dòng)形式為be based on/upon
13)關(guān)于way的一些短語:
by the way 順便說說;順便提起 in a way 在某一方面;在某種程度上
in the way 阻礙,阻擋 on one’s way to/on the way to 在來/去的路上/過程中 in any way 無論如何 in every way 在各個(gè)方面,完全
in no way 絕不,無論如何不 lose one’s way 迷路;誤入歧途
14)nearly和almost的用法
①almost=very nearly,表示”幾乎、差不多”,?苫Q使用。
②almost和nearly可互換使用的場(chǎng)合
(1)在肯定句中
(2)修飾all, every, always等時(shí)
(3)在行為動(dòng)詞的否定式前
、壑荒苡胊lmost的場(chǎng)合
(1)修飾no, none, never, any以及由no或any的合成詞。:
(2)修飾表示感覺或心理的動(dòng)詞或形容詞。:
(3)修飾more than和too。
、苤荒苡胣early的場(chǎng)合
(1)被very, not, pretty修飾時(shí)。
(2)表示要做什么事但后來”沒有做”或”避開不做”時(shí)。
、輒ostly用作副詞,意思是”大體上、主要地、大部分、多半、通常”等。
15)come up 走進(jìn);上來;提出;發(fā)芽;流行;上升;出現(xiàn);發(fā)生
come up to 達(dá)到;數(shù)到;不負(fù)眾望;合乎(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等)
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