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2015年6月大學英語四級考試模擬試卷
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B) ,C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes?fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow?worker and accomplice(同謀).
If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess(委婉之處), from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty?two chapters of anovel—if we consider how to read a novel first—are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building but words are more impalpable than bricks, reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you—how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.
?21.What does the author mean by saying “Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.”?
?A.The author means that lots of people read few books.
?B.The author thinks that readers have only absorbed part of knowledge in books.
?C.The author holds that few people have a proper idea about what content some kind of books should include.
?D.The author considers that readers can scarcely understand most of the books.
?22.According to the passage, which of the following statement is right?
?A.A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.
?B.The more difficult a book is, the more you can get from it.
?C.To read something is easier than to watch something.
?D.One should be in the same track with the writer when he is reading.
?23.What is the possible meaning of “impalpable” (Paragraph 2) in the passage?
?A.Clear.?B.Elusive.?C.Delicate.?D.Precise.
?24.What’s the main idea of this passage?
?A.The importance of reading.
?B.The proper way to read.
?C.How to get most from one book.
?D.The characters of a good book.
?25.When a writer is writing he often get the whole conception ____.
?A.after a long time’s thinking
?B.through an instant inspiration
?C.according to his own experience
?D.by way of watching the objects attentively
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
According to the dictionary definition of “create”, ordinary people are creative every day. To create means “to bring into being, to cause to exist”—something each of us does daily.
?We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sese to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.
?A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. If we believe the expression, “There is nothing new under the sun,” the creativity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph.
A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.
These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day?to?day activities.
?26.Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage?
?A.To prepare a meal.
?B.To arrange the furniture in a peculiar way.
?C.To buy some books from a bookstore.
?D.To “write” a letter with the computer.
?27.The author holds that ____.
?A.creativity is of highly demand
?B.creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extent
?C.creativity is to create something new and concrete
?D.to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one’s creativity
?28.“There is nothing new under the sun.” (Par.3) really implies that ____.
?A.we can seldom create new things
?B.a new thing is only a tale
?C.a new thing can only be created at the basis of original things
?D.we can scarcely see really new things in the world
?29.What does the author think about the relationship between a new thought and its being put into practice?
?A.It’s more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in practice.
?B.To find a new thought will definitely lead to the production of a new thing.
?C.One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.
?D.A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.
?30.The best title for this passage is ____.
?A.How to Cultivate One’s Creativity
?B.What is Creativity
?C.The Importance of Creativity
?D.Creativity—a Not Farway Thing
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.
I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar(討論會). The professor didn’t act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a reseacher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic(語言的) feature of his interacting with his students was that he used many modal(情態(tài)的) verbs—far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, “This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong.” or “You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting.”
?In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore, students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question. I still remember how frustrated they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it.
Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the same idea in their English composition. The examinations in America usually do not test a student’s ability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education in America is valued not only as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.
?31.In the USA, when the students are in class, ____.
?A.a Chinese student tends to be very active
?B.an American student likes to make trouble
?C.a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacher
?D.an American student tends to be vigorous
?32.A teacher in the USA prefers to ____ when he answers questions.
?A.be very sincere B.be very direct
?C.be very self?confident D.be very indifferent
?33.What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teaching methods between China and the USA?
?A.He thinks that Chinese teaching metods can make students learn more.
?B.He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to improve students’ remembrance.
?C.He thinks that American teaching is ability?oriented.
?D.He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.
?34.The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the teacher is ____.
?A.more intimate in China B.closer in China
?C.looser in USA D.more harmonious in USA
?35.The education in USA may produce some ____ graduates.
?A.talkative B.conventional
?C.creative D.imaginative
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
On?line courses (also called distance learning) are a hot new trend in American education. According to the nonprofit Distance Education and Training Council,about 400 US colleges and schools offer some portion of their programs on the Web. At the university level, they cost the same as traditional classes and require similar weekly assignments and textbook reading, the difference is in class participation.
Generally speaking, students congregate(使聚集) on?line throughout each week to explore topic with the professor, but these discussions occur “asynchronously(不同時發(fā)生地)” rather than in real time. (You read others’ comments and post your own whenever you get a chance.) Written assignments are posted, you email in your work periodically, and you’re required to take a proctored exam in order to receive degree credit. Career?boosting business administration and information technology programs are the most popular, but you’ll also find a variety of literal arts offerings, from film theory to medieval history and foreign language study. While you still can’t get an Ivy League degree on?line, a growing number of elite(卓越的) institutions, including Stanford and New York University are beginning to offer on?line courses.
The benefits for busy people are obvious. “I always get a front?row seat,” says one student studying at the State University of New York Learning Network.“I can get up in the middle of class, grab a cup of coffee. The class is waiting for me when I get back, and I haven’t missed a thing.” On the other hand, some students miss the face?to?face interaction that often sparks interest and involvement.
?36.Generally speaking, on?line education costs ____.
?A.more than the traditional one
?B.less than the traditional one
?C.as much as the traditional one
?D.the author hasn’t mentioned
?37.The major way to hand out assignments of on?line students is ____.
?A.to hand out them in person
?B.to post them
?C.to e?mail in them
?D.to let the teacher enter into their personal main pages
?38.Which kind of program is probably NOT welcomed by most of the students?
?A.Software development. B.Decoration and design.
?C.International trade. D.Company management.
?39.The closest meaning of “Ivy League” (Par. 2) ____.
?A.famous universities in USA
?B.famous business colleges in USA
?C.famous companies in USA
?D.universities with a long history
?40.It is implied that in USA ____.
?A.on?line education will take the place of the traditional one soon
?B.there are only a few on?line programs until now
?C.one need not take part in the exam in order to receive a diploma by way of on?line education
?D.one can not receive a degree certificate of New York University through distant learning
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
?41.____ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit.
?A.Whatever B.Whichever C.Whereas D.Because
?42.You are supposed ____ everything ready by now.
?A.to get B.getting C.to have got D.having got
?43.The football player is hoping to ____ to another club.
?A.transfer B.transmit C.transform D.transport
?44.The medicine which the doctor gave her can only ____ her temporarily from pain.
?A.relax B.relieve C.relay D.release
?45.She was simple, ____ and hard?working woman.
?A.practicable B.favorable
?C.feasible D.practical
?46.I found myself completely ____ by his vivid performance.
?A.carried out B.carried off
?C.carried away D.carried on
?47.These safety measures will ____ the reduction of accidents.
?A.give in B.result from
?C.result in D.originate in
?48.After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided to settle there ____.
?A.in turn B.for good C.as usual D.at most
?49.____ these changes we must revise our plan.
?A.In the course of B.In the light of
?C.In spite of D.In addition to
?50.“I don’t feel like ____ now.”
?“But the faster we get the assignment ____ the sooner we can go out and relax.”
?A.to study, to do B.to study, done
?C.studying, done D.studying, to do
?51.In order to be a good scientist, ____.
?A.mathematics is vital
?B.one must master mathematics
?C.mathematics is important to understand
?D.one to understand mathematics
?52.I’m ____ him to arrive on Sunday.
?A.awaiting B.waiting C.expecting D.hoping
?53.It’s high time that something, ____ to prohibit selling fake commodities.
?A.must be done B.was done
?C.be done D.were done
?54.What’s the matter? I smell something ____.
?A.burn B.burns C.being burned D.burning
?55.It was a long time before the cut on my hand ____ completely.
?A.healed B.recovered C.improved D.cured
?56.You’ll have to buy some new shoes as these are ____.
?A.used up B.wasted away
?C.broken down D.worn out
?57.I ____ at home to look after my sick mother.
?A.can’t help stay B.can’t help staying
?C.cannot help but stay D.cannot help but staying
?58.More and more cheaper materials are being ____ for the better, more expensive kind in production.
?A.replaced B.displaced
?C.substituted D.transformed
?59.The taxi had to ____ because the traffic light had turned red.
?A.set up B.catch up C.shut up D.pull up
?60.____ to secret document is denied to all but few.
?A.Access B.Approach C.Contact D.Touch
?61.Will all those ____ the proposal raise their hands?
?A.in relation to B.in excess of
?C.in contrast to D.in favor of
?62.A cold is nothing to you ____ it is merely a cold; but it sometimes becomes a danger.
?A.no matter B.as well as
?C.so long as D.so far as
?63.People here usually ____ channel 2 at 7:00 a.m. to hear the news.
?A.tune B.tune in C.tone D.turn in
?64.The attack on Pearl Harbor ____ the indignation of the whole nation.
?A.rasied B.rose C.aroused D.arose
?65.American people are highly ____, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.
?A.moving B.mobile C.motional D.movable
?66.A large sum of money has been raised for the ____ of the poorly?educated children in the mountainous districts.
?A.profit B.favour C.advantage D.benefit
?67.In arithmetic the rules of addition are basic, and all the other rules are built on this ____.
?A.basis B.base C.bases D.basic
?68.On Christmas Eve, we had several guests, who were ____ friends of our daughter.
?A.almost B.mostly C.most D.nearly
?69.In our culture, honesty has always been considered an important ____of a person’s character.
?A.element B.role C.share D.practice
?70.Students who pass the test will be ____ to the next grade.
?A.progressed B.proceeded
?C.promoted D.proposed
Part Ⅳ Translation from E[nglish into Chinese (15 minutes)
Directions:
In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.
71.Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.(Passage 1, Para.1)
72.Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. (Passage 1, Para. 2)
73.For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph.(Passage 2, Para. 3)
74.The professor didn’t act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a reseacher looking for answers to questions together with the students.(Passage 3, Para.2)
75.Career?boosting business administration and information technology programs are the most popular, but you’ll also find a variety of literal arts offerings, from film theory to medieval history and foreign language study.(Passage4, Para.2)
Part Ⅴ Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Should Tobacco Industry Be Forbidden?” You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
? 1.煙草業(yè)目前對我們的社會有一定好處;
? 2.吸煙卻有害健康;
? 3.從長遠打算，煙草業(yè)終將被禁止。
參考答案
Part Ⅱ
1
?短文大意
本散文談讀書方法。作者認為許多讀者因存在太多先入之見而不能從書中汲取它們所能提供給我們的東西。而如果能在閱讀時盡量和作者融為一體的話，就可以體會到書本中的許多微妙之處。最后作者又告訴讀者可通過動手練筆的方式領會作家是如何創(chuàng)作的，靈感和構思是如何得來的。
?21.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 作者說“然而很少有人向書籍索取它們所能提供給我們的東西。”的真正含義是什么?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對含義復雜句子的正確理解”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 解答此題，正確理解“Yes…us”一句含義是關鍵。其實質(zhì)含義是：“許多人讀書時因觀念不正確，而僅僅能從書本中得到很少的知識獲得很少的啟迪”。這樣，我們就可以對選項進行逐個分析取舍了。A項意為“作者認為許多人讀的書都太少”，顯然與我們的分析不符。B項意為“作者認為讀者僅僅從書中汲取了部分知識。”這句話只是引文部分的字面含義，所以也應排除。再看C項作者認為許多人對某類書應該包含什么樣的內(nèi)容沒有正確的觀念。這才是作者的隱含意思，所以是正確的。而D項“作者認為許多讀者對大量的書都不能讀懂。”這也是一種錯誤的理解，也應排除。這樣就可確定選項為C。
?22.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 根據(jù)短文，下面的說法哪一個是正確的?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對具體細節(jié)的把握”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 此題只能用排除法，去掉與文章細節(jié)不符的選項。選項A意為“讀者在閱讀時應該能發(fā)現(xiàn)一些錯誤。”文章中沒有此細節(jié)，可排除。B項“一本書越難讀，從中得到知識也越多。”也與文意無關。再看C項“閱讀比觀看容易。”根據(jù)文章第二段第四句最后一分句可知這正與作者的觀點相反，故也排除。最后只剩下D項，應為正確答案。而其內(nèi)容“讀者在閱讀時應和作者保持一致。”正是作者的觀點，無疑正確。
?23.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 第二段中“impalpable”一詞最可能的含義是什么?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“根據(jù)上下文推測生詞含義”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 先看上文：作家想把素材安排得像一座完整的大房，使之具體化。接下來就是含有“impalpable”一句。句首用“but”引導，有轉(zhuǎn)折含義。所以此單詞意義可能與“具體”相對。再看下文，閱讀比觀看更復雜和費時。這樣，該詞的含義就可以基本確定了，應該是“非常抽象難以捉摸的”之類的意思。(這里與”磚頭”相比，更加強了這一點)據(jù)此可排除A、D項。C項意為“微妙”，意近。但B項恰好意為“難以捉摸的”，更與生詞含義接近，所以應選B。此題目C項干擾性較大，注意要避免匆忙選擇，而功虧一簣。
?24.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 此文的主要內(nèi)容是什么?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對文章的主旨和大意的把握”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 解答此題關鍵在于先弄清文章的主旨和大意。在此基礎上就可進行選棄了。此短文主要講“何為正確的讀書方法”。據(jù)此，A項“閱讀的重要性”，C項“如何從書中獲取最多的信息”，D項“一本好書的特征”，均不能選。而B項“何為正確的讀書方法”，正與我們的分析不謀而合，所以B為正確答案無疑。
?25.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 作家在寫作時，常通過什么樣的方式來獲得構思?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對具體細節(jié)正確理解”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 答案可從文章最后一句獲得。解答此類題的關鍵就是找到并正確理解有關細節(jié)。根據(jù)最后一句可知“作家構思的獲得是通過瞬間的感悟。”這樣，就可對選項進行逐個分析了。A項意為“通過長期的思考”，雖符合一般常識，但不是作者看法，排除。B項意為“瞬間/快速的靈感”，與作者的觀點十分接近，有正確的可能。再看C項“根據(jù)作者自己的經(jīng)歷”，作者也沒有提及。而D項“通過專心致志地觀看描寫的對象”，這只是構思活動過程的一部分。與B項相比，也應排除�，F(xiàn)在就可確定：B項為正確答案。
2
?短文大意
?本文主要介紹了什么是創(chuàng)造力。作者認為創(chuàng)造力離我們并不遙遠，我們每天都在創(chuàng)造。創(chuàng)造力有三個方面的表現(xiàn)，第一是以新的方式觀察和思考。第二是能觀察到事物之間的關系。第三是運用新思想的勇氣和激情，運用新思想來獲得新的效果。最后作者指出創(chuàng)造力的三方面需要全面非凡的天賦，但同時也需要我們?nèi)粘ＴS許多多的親身實踐。
?26.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 下列哪一種活動不具有創(chuàng)造性?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“根據(jù)所讀材料進行一定的判斷”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 本題可用排除法。根據(jù)第一段可知創(chuàng)造力的含義是“使事物產(chǎn)生”，“致使事物存在”。而它三個方面的表現(xiàn)可參考“短文大意”，據(jù)此，A項“做飯”是一種日常生活中的“使飯產(chǎn)生”，具有創(chuàng)造性。B項“用一種獨我的方式安排家俱”，為創(chuàng)造力第二面詳述中的例子，故也是創(chuàng)造活動。再看C項“從書店買書”，只是一種簡單的行為，不涉及創(chuàng)造性。而D項“用電腦寫一封信”即“創(chuàng)造一封信”，也為創(chuàng)造性活動，也不能選。這樣就可得出結論，A、B、D項不能選，C為正確答案。解答此題時要千萬注意問題的提問方式是問“哪一個不是”，以免錯誤理解題意而誤選。
?27.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 作者認為……
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對具體細節(jié)的把握”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 此題的解答需要在理解文章大意及細節(jié)基礎上進行。選項A意為“創(chuàng)造力對人的素質(zhì)要求很高”。此項初看正確，而且作者在文章末尾也提到。但根據(jù)文章開頭，可知平凡人每天都在創(chuàng)造。所以只能先在此選項上作個標記，再繼續(xù)分析。選項B意為“創(chuàng)造力在一定程度上取決于非凡的洞察力。”根據(jù)最后一段，可知這是一種“天賦”，故正確。選項C認為“創(chuàng)造力只體現(xiàn)在創(chuàng)造某些新的具體東西”，失之片面。D項認為“不斷實踐是培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力的唯一方面”，也失之片面(參見文章最后一句)。這樣就只剩下A、B項，兩者相比，A項似乎仍顯武斷和片面，故也排除。這樣就可確定B為正確答案。
?28.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 “太陽之下無新物”(第三段)的真正含義是什么?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“根據(jù)上下文理解含義復雜句子”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 此題可在正確理解句子含義的基礎上采取“排除法”來解答。根據(jù)上下文可以得知：此句的真正含義是“任何新事物的產(chǎn)生都是建立在原有事物基礎之上的”。據(jù)此，A項認為“我們很少能創(chuàng)造新事物”，顯然只是句子的字面意思，不正確。B項“創(chuàng)造新事物是一個神話”，也為字面理解。再看C項“只有在原有事物基礎之上才能創(chuàng)造新事物”，這不正是我們分析得出的結論嗎?而D項“我們幾乎不可能看到新事物”，更是差之甚遠。這樣就可確定C項為正確答案無疑。
?29.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 作者如何認識獲得新思想與將其付諸于實踐的關系?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對特定的細節(jié)的把握”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 先找有關細節(jié)。此問題涉及到對文章第三段最后一句的理解。作者認為“獲得新思想并不意味著就能夠?qū)⑵涓吨T實踐，暗含“知易行難”的意義。這樣，我們就可對選項進行分析選棄了。先看A項“獲得新思想比將其付諸實踐困難”。顯然剛好與我們分析的含義相反，故排除，再看B項“只要獲得新思想就可將其付諸實踐。”也不對。而C項“一個人可能獲得某種新思想，但有可能無法將其付諸實踐。”正是作者的觀點，所以是正確的。也就無需看D。 實際上，D項說“實踐能力很強的人容易成為發(fā)明家。”并不是作者的觀點，因為作者只是認為實踐對培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力是具有重要作用，所以也不正確。這樣就可確定C為正確答案無疑。
?30.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 本文最好的標題是什么?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對閱讀材料主旨和大意的把握”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 首先快速通讀全文(注意主題句)，可知文章主要談論的是“創(chuàng)造力的含義及其三個方面的表現(xiàn)”，整篇文章都是圍繞創(chuàng)造力展開的�，F(xiàn)在來分析選項。A項意為“如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力”，初看符合文章內(nèi)容，但仔細分析，文章只在最后一段提到了培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力三個方面的途徑和要求，所以不能選�？碆項“什么是創(chuàng)造力”，這個題目下可寫和創(chuàng)造力有關的許多東西如創(chuàng)造力定義，表現(xiàn)及培養(yǎng)途徑，所以有道理。再看C項“創(chuàng)造力的重要性”，文章沒有提及。而D項“創(chuàng)造力離我們并不遙遠”，也只是文章開頭提到，中間涉及一點，也不確切。這樣就可確定，B項為正確答案。
3
?短文大意
?本文主要談論中美教育方式的差別。(以一個赴美訪問學習者的眼光)作者談到美國教授在上課時能夠扮演與學生平等的角色，與學生進行平等的討論交流;而中國學生與教師之間的關系總是“學習者與權威”的關系。這樣的結果，中國學生都被培養(yǎng)成了一個模式;而美國學生卻擁有了獨立分析解決問題的能力，在踏上社會時，也更具謀生能力。作者對中國教育的弊端進行了委婉的批評。
?31.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 在美國課堂上學生的經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)是什么?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對文章某些細節(jié)的理解”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 在文章中找到有關的細節(jié)為解此題的關鍵。從文章第一段的最后兩句可得知“中國留學生在課堂上表現(xiàn)很有禮貌和節(jié)制，而美國學生則非常主動和活躍。”據(jù)此，A項說“中國學生在課堂上表現(xiàn)很活躍”，則正好與事實相反，故排除。看B項“美國學生喜歡搗亂”。雖然作者在第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“美國學生有時甚至控制課堂討論”，但這并不說明他們故意搗亂，而是表現(xiàn)積極活躍的一種方式。所以也不對。而C項說“學生喜歡為難老師”，顯然也只是字面理解，與B項判斷犯同樣錯誤，故也不對。最后看D項“美國學生經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)得非�；钴S”，正是我們與作者得出的結論，所以是選項無疑。解答此題也給了我們一個啟示：某些干擾項迷惑性很大，不能一眼識別，所以在選擇時可能需要進行反復比較思考，方能斷定其正確與否。我們要記住這一點。
?32.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 美國教師在回答問題時更表現(xiàn)得……
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“對文章某些段落把握”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 文章第二段是解答問題的關鍵。此段主要談論“美國教授在上課時扮演的是與學生平等的角色”，并介紹了“這種情況的種種表現(xiàn)”�，F(xiàn)在，我們來看選項。A項“非常誠懇”，符合事實，先標出，看有沒有更合適的。B項“非常直接”，顯然不對，即使美國老師語氣委婉，也只是“不直接”。C項意為“非常自信”，文章沒有提到這一點，也不能選。再看D項“非常冷淡”，更是荒謬。這樣也就只能選A。
?33.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 作者如何評價中美教育方式的差異?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“理解作者觀點”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 解答此類題目，首先也必須象解答“有關文章主要內(nèi)容題目”一樣，首先應掌握全文的主旨和大意，據(jù)此才能在理解作者觀點時，不致管中窺豹，以致偏頗。迅速通讀全文，可知作者意在抨擊中國教育方式的弊端。這樣，作者的觀點也就昭然若揭了�，F(xiàn)在看選項。A項“中國教育方式能傳授更多知識”。這或許可能，但文中沒提，故不能選，而且作者也不可能將這樣的話寫入文中，自相矛盾。所以A項排除�？碆項“中國教育方式集中在如何提高學生記憶力上”，文中沒有提及，而且顯然也太片面。作者只在課文最后一段暗示中國式考試偏重于考查學生記憶力。所以也不能選。再看C項“美國教育重在培養(yǎng)學生能力”。作者在對中國教育抨擊的同時，也對美國教育的某些做法表示贊成，而這一點正是作者對美國教育考查后得出的結論之一，所以正確。至此就可排除D項。而實際上D項說“美國教師討厭考試”，與文章無關，所以也不能選。
?34.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 (中美相比)作者認為學生與教師間的關系……
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“根據(jù)所讀材料進行推斷”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 推理(斷)題屬于要求較高的題型。它要求學生不僅能正確理解文章(或某些細節(jié))，也要能據(jù)此進一步推測其中暗含的意思。先看短文，特別注意第一段和第二段。現(xiàn)在再來逐個分析選項。A項說“中國師生關系更密切”，是否如此?老師是權威，表面上可以更有力控制學生，但學生從心目中肯定是對教師敬而遠之的，所以這種看法是表面上的，不正確。B項說“中國師生關系更近”，與A項意近，也不能選。注意這兩個選項的迷惑性 。再看C項說“美國師生之間關系松散”。平等交流，并不等于松散，最多只能是和諧，所以也不能選。再看D項說“美國師生之間關系和諧”，正合作者的看法，所以只能選D。
?35.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 美國教育方法可能培養(yǎng)出什么樣的學生?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“根據(jù)所讀材料進行推斷”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 此題的問題太寬泛，只能根據(jù)選項，結合文章，進行取舍。A項意為“健談的”，正確嗎?學生上課積極主動，能鍛煉口才和外向性格，但是否有點片面，先標出。再看B項“默守成規(guī)的”，肯定不對，此項更符合中國學生。而C項是“具有創(chuàng)造力的”，美國平等式的、自由、寬松的教育方式，鼓勵學生培養(yǎng)獨立分析、解決問題的能力，這樣培養(yǎng)出來的學生勢必多具有“創(chuàng)造力”，符合事實。再看D項，“具有想象力的”。美國學生更具有實干精神，所以也不對。這樣只剩下A和C選項，兩者相比，C項更準確，所以選項為C。
?短文大意
?本文主要介紹美國網(wǎng)上課程的現(xiàn)況及其特點。美國目前已有大約400所院校在網(wǎng)上提供部分課程。網(wǎng)上教學與傳統(tǒng)教育方式相比，花費及作業(yè)與讀書任務都類似，但課堂參與方式不同，學生們在網(wǎng)上與教授探討問題，在網(wǎng)上學習課程，通過發(fā)布e?mail交書面作業(yè)，在網(wǎng)上參加考試。作者還提到網(wǎng)上最受歡迎的課程是商業(yè)管理及信息技術方面的課程。同時網(wǎng)上也開設許多文科方面的課程。最后作者又提到網(wǎng)上課程對于工作繁忙的人最有利。
?36.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 一般來說，網(wǎng)上教育的花費……
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“查找材料中某些事實”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 “ 事實查找題”屬于比較簡單的題型，只要找到事實，在解題時再注意到某些同義表達法，問題便可迎刃而解。此題的答案可在文章第一段最后一句找到。此句話說到“網(wǎng)上教育所花費的錢與傳統(tǒng)的方式一樣”，這樣就可采取排除法進行選取了。A項說“多于傳統(tǒng)”，B項說“少于傳統(tǒng)”，皆可一眼排除。D項說“作者沒有提及”，也不對。而C項說“與傳統(tǒng)一樣”，正是文章的事實。所以可確定，C項為正確答案。
?37.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 接受網(wǎng)上課程的學生交作業(yè)的主要方式是……
?【試題分析】 此題主要考查學生“查找材料中某些事實”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 解答方法與36題類似，可在文章第二段第二句中找到有關事實，通過電子郵件來交書面作業(yè)。這樣就可排除A“親自去交”。而其它三項中兩個干擾項都具有一定的迷惑性，須逐個分析。先看B項“郵寄它們”，有歧義，雖然文章中確有這種表達。先標出，看有沒有更合適的。而C項剛好為“通過電子郵件交作業(yè)”，正是準確無誤的事實，所以也可排除B項。最后看D項“讓老師進入學生的個人主頁”，文中沒有這樣的說法。這樣就可斷定C為正確答案。
?38.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 網(wǎng)上的哪些課程可能不受大多數(shù)學生的青睞?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“根據(jù)材料進行推斷”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 據(jù)文章第二段第四句可知，最受歡迎的課程是商業(yè)管理及信息技術。這樣就可來進行判斷：那些不屬于這兩類的課程應當是選項。先看A項“軟件開發(fā)”，屬于此兩類，所以不能選。而B項“裝璜設計”，屬于工藝美術方面，不在此列，應為選項，也就不必再看C、D項。而C項“國際貿(mào)易”，D項“企業(yè)管理”，也屬于上述兩類范圍，故也應排除。
?39.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 “Ivy League”最可能的含義是什么?
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“根據(jù)上下文推測生詞(組)含義”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 解答此類題的關鍵是讀懂“生詞(組)”所在句子的含義，也就是理解上下文，在此基礎上，才能確定生詞(組)的確切或最接近的含義。此題目中“Ivy League”所在一句是第二段最后一句。我們可看到“Ivy League”緊跟“degree”(學位)一詞，所以可推斷此詞組肯定與大學(或研究院)有關，因為只有這些機構才有權授予學位。再進行分析，“Ivy ”后有“League”(聯(lián)盟、聯(lián)合會)一詞，可推測此詞組可能是“大學(或研究院)聯(lián)合會”或“聯(lián)合會大學(或研究院)。這樣就可排除C項“美國著名的企業(yè)聯(lián)合會”。接下來再分析，網(wǎng)上學生仍不能得到“Ivy League”的學位，暗示此類大學(研究院)是很著名的，同時也可從下面的轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”引出的內(nèi)容：斯坦福大學等著名大學也在網(wǎng)上設立課程，得以進一步確證�，F(xiàn)在再來看選項。B項說“美國著名商學院”中概括得又太具體，范圍太窄，D項“美國歷史悠久的大學”又太籠統(tǒng)。A項“美國著名的大學”為最佳選擇。如果對教育背景有所了解的話，也可以知道“Ivy”就是美國名牌大學的代稱，這樣就可選A。
?40.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 (根據(jù)文章)可以推斷……
?【試題分析】 此題考查學生“根據(jù)材料進行推斷”的能力。
?【詳細解答】 解答此題首先要掌握文章的主旨大意，并理解某些細節(jié)，在此基礎上，再進行取舍。現(xiàn)在我們來看四個選項。A項說“網(wǎng)上教育很快就會取代傳統(tǒng)教育。”文中沒有提到，根據(jù)內(nèi)容也無法推斷，所以舍棄。B項“直到現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上課程的數(shù)量也只是寥寥無幾。”也不正確，因為第三段說“能在網(wǎng)上找到各種各樣的文科課程”。再看C項“一個人不需要參加考試就可拿到學位”。從第二段第二句可知，這種認識是錯誤的。現(xiàn)在只剩下D項，應該是選項。而其內(nèi)容“一個人通過遠程教育不能獲得紐約大學的學位。”根據(jù)第二段最后一句也可以推斷出，這種看法是正確的。故D為正確選項無疑。
Part Ⅲ
?41.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 不論商業(yè)的規(guī)模性質(zhì)如何，其主要目標是獲利。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考學生對連詞的掌握。
?【詳細解答】 Whatever無論什么，相當于no matter what: Whatever difficulty we might meet with we will carry out our plan.不論遇到什么困難，我們也會完成計劃。B.Whichever無論哪一個，它與whatever的區(qū)別在于whichever指提供選擇中的無論哪一個，而whatever在沒有提供選擇時用，如：Take whichever of the three paintings you like best.這三幅畫中你最喜歡哪一幅就拿哪一幅。C. Whereas鑒于;而，卻;多用于比較結構中。如：Some people like tea, whereas others like coffee.一些人喜歡喝茶而另一些人則喜歡喝咖啡。
?42.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 到目前為止你應該把一切都準備好了。
?【試題分析】 此題考動詞搭配。
?【詳細解答】 be supposed后要接不定式，即be supposed to do sth. 表示“應該……”。此句中“by now”表示動作應已完成，所以不定式要用完成時態(tài)，故C為正確答案。
?43.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 這位足球運動員正希望能轉(zhuǎn)到另一家俱樂部。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)(往)，可以指工作崗位的調(diào)動或?qū)W習專業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)換：transfer to the branch bank調(diào)到分行。B. transmit傳播，播送(節(jié)目)：transmit the radio waves傳送無線電波。C. transform把……變?yōu)�，改變：transform sunlight to solar energy把陽光轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樘柲�。D. transport運輸、運送：transport these goods to Shanghai把貨物運到上海。
?44.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 醫(yī)生給她的藥只能暫時減輕她的病痛。
?【試題分析】 此題為形近詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 relieve減輕(病痛、緊張情緒等)：relieve sb. from anxiety消除某人的憂慮。A. relax放松;使不緊張：relax the muscles放松肌肉。C. relay轉(zhuǎn)達，轉(zhuǎn)播：relay a program轉(zhuǎn)播一個節(jié)目。D. release釋放：release sb. from the prison把某人從監(jiān)獄中釋放出來。
?45.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 她是個直率、講求實際、工作努力的婦女。
?【試題分析】 此題既是形近詞辨析又是近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 practical講求實際的;實踐的：practical method講求實際的方法。practical指在日常生活中能運用常識、知識、方法等，著重于行動，而非思想或想象。A.practicable可行的、行得通的，不能用來修飾人：a practicable plan可行性方案。B.favorable有利的：This decision is favorable to us.決議對我們有利。C. feasible可行的，用法同practical : a feasible scheme可行的計劃。
?46.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我完全被他那生動的表演吸引住了。
?【試題分析】 此題為詞組辨析題，考有關“carry”的詞組。
?【詞組辨析】 carry away 吸引住;使激動得失去控制，多用于被動語態(tài)：He was carried away by his success.他被成功沖暈了頭腦。A. carry out執(zhí)行;完成;實現(xiàn)：carry out the plan完成這一計劃。B. carry off 拿走，奪走：His life was carried off by the disease.這種病奪去了他的生命。D. carry on 繼續(xù)，進行：They carried on in spite of the difficulties.盡管困難重重，他們?nèi)詧猿窒氯ァ?/p>
?47.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 這些安全措施將減少事故的發(fā)生。
?【試題分析】 此題為詞組辨析題。
?【詞組辨析】 result in 引起(某種結果);導致：His carelessness resulted in the failure of this experiment.他的粗心大意導致了實驗的失敗。A. give in 屈服：He would rather die than give in to the enemy.他寧死不向敵人屈服。B. result from由……引起的，與result in是一對反義詞組。Lung cancer partly results from heavy smoking.肺癌部分是由過分吸煙造成的。D. originate in 起源于：Their friendship originated in a chance meeting.他們的友誼源于一次偶遇。
?48.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 在這個村莊住了幾個月后，我們便如此喜歡它以至于決定在那兒永久定居下來。
?【試題分析】 此題為詞組辨析題。
?【詞組辨析】 for good永久地：He left his hometown for good and never came back.他永久地離開了故鄉(xiāng)，再也沒回來過。A. in turn輪流;依次：They speak in turn at the meeting.他們在會上依次發(fā)言。C. as usual像往常一樣：As usual, he has lunch at this small restaurant.像往常一樣，他在這家小飯館吃午飯。D. at most 最多：There are 10 minutes at most to go. 最多還有10分鐘。
?49.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 鑒于這些變化，我們必須修訂我們的計劃。
?【試題分析】 此題為詞組辨析題。
?【詞組辨析】 in the light of 鑒于;根據(jù)：take actions in the light of actual situations根據(jù)實際情況采取行動。A. in the course of 在……期間，在……過程中的。C. in spite of 不顧。D. in addition to 除……之外，相當于besides。
?50.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 “我現(xiàn)在不想學習”，“但是我們越快完成作業(yè)就能更早出去放松一下。”
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考非謂語動詞形式。
?【詳細解答】 feel like想要……，后接名詞或動名詞形式。get sth. done或 get sb. to do sth.為固定搭配。所以C為正確選項。
?51.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 要想成為科學家，一個人必須掌握數(shù)學。
?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考不定式狀語與主句的關系。
?【詳細解答】 題干“in order to be a good scientist”是目的狀語，句子缺少主句。根據(jù)不定式做目的狀語時，其邏輯主語是主句主語的原則，可判定主句的主語應該是人而不是物，據(jù)此可排除A、C兩項。而D項缺少謂語，不成為句子。只有B項為正確答案。
?52.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 我正期待著他星期六能到。
?【試題分析】 此題主要考搭配。
?【詳細解答】 四個選項中，只有expect能用于expect sb. to do sth.結構中。A. await=wait for， 為及物動詞，只用于await sb./sth. B.wait為不及物動詞，必須用于wait for sb. 或wait to do sth.結構。D. hope只能用于hope to do sth. 或hope sth.結構中。
53.答案B。?
【參考譯文】現(xiàn)在是該做點什么以抵制假冒偽劣商品的時候了。?
【試題分析】 此詞考語法題。?
【詳細解答】 It's high time...結構后應使用虛擬語氣，something在這里應接過去時態(tài)單數(shù)謂語動詞was。故選B。
54.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 怎么了?我聞到有東西燒著了的味道。
?【試題分析】 此題考非謂語動詞形式。
?【詳細解答】 表示感覺的動詞如：see, hear, watch, listen to, smell, feel均可接復合賓語，可用分詞充當賓語補足語。如果賓語與補語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，可用動詞原形，或現(xiàn)在分詞充當補足語。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行之中，而動詞原形則表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如果賓語與補語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，則用過去分詞充當補足語。如：I often hear her sing English songs in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁房間唱英文歌曲。The children are listening to the old man telling a fairy tale.孩子們在聽老人講童話故事。He found himself locked in a barn.他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被鎖在谷倉里了。因此D為此題正確答案。
?55.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 過了好長時間我手上的傷口才完全愈合。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 heal跌打、燙傷的治愈;傷口的愈合：The wound has been healed.創(chuàng)傷已經(jīng)治好了。B. recover恢復，一般用人做主語。如：He recovered his eyesight after the operation.手術后他恢復了視力。C. improve改善;提高：improve working conditions改善工作條件。D. cure治愈，主要指內(nèi)部得病的治愈，不用來指傷口的愈合：cure sb. of his stomachache治愈某人的胃病。
?56.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 你得買些新鞋。這些都穿壞了。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞組辨析題。
?【詞組辨析】 wear out(把)穿破;(把)用壞：I have worn out my overall.我把工作服穿破了。A. use up 用盡：His money was used up. 他的錢花光了。B. waste away消瘦：He is wasting away from disease.他病得消瘦了。C. break down打破;坍塌;(健康精神)垮下來。
?57.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 我不得不呆在家里照看我生病的母親。
?【試題分析】 此題主要考固定搭配。
?【詳細解答】 cannot help doing禁不住，為固定搭配：can not help but do sth.不得不做……，為固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知C為正確答案。
?58.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 在生產(chǎn)中越來越多的廉價材料被用以代替質(zhì)優(yōu)但價格較高的材料。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題，主要考搭配。
?【詞組辨析】 substitute替代，常用于substitute A for B結構，表示“用A來代替B”：substitute plastic for wood用塑料代替木材。A. replace代替，被動時與by搭配使用：be replaced by gas 被煤氣所取代。C. displace轉(zhuǎn)移;取代：I’ll displace Sally when she is away on business.當Sally出差在外時，我取代他的位置。同樣，displace在被動句中，與by搭配使用。D. transform轉(zhuǎn)變，改變，多用于transfrom…from…to…結構中，表示“把……從……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?hellip;…”。
?59.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 出租車不得不停下來因為紅燈亮了。
?【試題分析】 此題為詞組辨析題，考與“up”搭配的動詞短語。
?【詞組辨析】 pull up停下：The car pulled up at the school gate.車子在校門口停下來。A. set up 建立：set up a school建立一所學校。 B. catch up (with)趕上：catch up with his classmates趕上他的同學。C. shut up閉嘴。
?60.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 除少數(shù)人外其他人都無權接觸這些保密文件。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題，尤其是A、B兩項易混淆。
?【詞義辨析】 access接近……的權利/途徑，后常跟to： Every student has access to the library.每個學生都有權利用圖書館。B. approach靠近;途徑：a scientific approach to teaching科學的教學方法。C. contact聯(lián)系，一般與with連用：keep in contact with sb. 與某人保持聯(lián)系。D. touch接觸：keep in touch with sb. 與某人保持聯(lián)系。
?61.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 贊同這一提議的人請舉手好嗎?
?【試題分析】 此題為詞組辨析題，根據(jù)句意來判斷。
?【詞組辨析】 in favor of 贊同;有利于：in favor of one’s suggestions贊同某人的建議;The situation is in favor of us. 情形對我們有利。A. in relation to 關于涉及：I have a lot to say in relation to that affair.關于那件事我有許多話要說。B. inexcess of 超過：a population in excession of 1.2 billion 12億以上的人口。C. in contrast to 與……形成對照：In contrast to northerners people in the south prefer to rice與北方人不同，南方人更喜歡米飯。
?62.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 感冒沒什么，只要你患的只是感冒而已。但有時些候，感冒可能會造成危險。
?【試題分析】 此題考語法知識中連詞的運用。
?【詳細解答】 so long as只要……，用作連詞，正符合句意。如：I’ll lend you the money so long as you promise to return it by the end of this month.只要你承諾月底之前把錢還給我，我就借錢給你。A. no matter一般不單獨使用，而應與what, which, when, where等疑問副詞連用，表示“無論……”。B. as well as 也，又：He is kind as well as generous.他既善良又大方。D. so far as 遠到，至于：so far as I know就我所知;He walked so far as Yan’an. 他一直走到延安。
?63.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 這兒的人常在早上7點鐘收聽二頻道的新聞。
?【試題分析】 此題為形近詞比較題。
?【詞義辨析】 tune in 收聽;tune in the music program收聽音樂節(jié)目。A. tune調(diào)諧，調(diào)整(收音機)頻率：tune the radio to the 25—metre band把收音機調(diào)到25米波段。表收聽時，常與“in”搭配使用。C. tone語調(diào)、聲調(diào)：in a calm tone以平靜的語調(diào)。D. turn in 上交;turn in your report把你的報告交上來。
?64.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 襲擊珍珠港事件激起了整個民族的憤慨。
?【試題分析】 此題為形近詞辨析題。
?【詞組辨析】 arouse激起：arouse students’ interest引起學生的興趣。A. raise舉起 ;提高：raise your hand舉手。B. rise上升：The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。D. arise出現(xiàn)：New problems will arise soon after the old are solved.舊的問題解決了新的問題馬上又出現(xiàn)了。注意rise和arise均為不及物動詞。
?65.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 美國人的流動性強，很難和別人深入交往下去。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 mobile流動的;經(jīng)常搬遷的，沒有定處的：Jews used to be mobile nation.猶太人曾是個四處流浪，居無定所的民族。A. moving正在運動著的：a moving car正在行駛的車子。C. motional運動的。D. movable可移動的：movable properties動產(chǎn)。
?66.答案D。
?【參考譯文】 為了山區(qū)那些未受過良好教育的孩子們的利益，已籌集了一大筆資金。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 benefit利益、好處：for the benefit of the people為了人民的利益。A. profit利潤，指跟商業(yè)有關的獲利：make a big profit 獲得豐厚利潤。B. favor寵愛;贊同;恩惠;一般用于in favor of 結構中，表示“對……有利”或“支持……;贊同……”。C.advantage優(yōu)勢，一般用于to the advantage of sb. 結構中，表示“對某人有利”。所以D項為最佳答案。
?67.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 在算術中加法法則是基礎，所有其它法則均建立在加法法則的基礎上。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 basis基礎，較為抽象，常用于on the basis of 結構中，表示“……為基礎”。B. base基地，為具體名詞：industrial base工業(yè)基地。C. bases為basis和base的復數(shù)形式。因為題干中有“on this”，所以只能用單數(shù)形式，而不能用base。D. basic基礎的，基本的，是形容詞。
?68.答案B。
?【參考譯文】 平安夜，我們接待了幾位客人，大多數(shù)是我們女兒的朋友。
?【試題分析】 此題既是形近詞辨析題，又是近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 mostly大多數(shù);主要地;用作狀語：The representatives are mostly teachers at the meeting.會上大多數(shù)代表是老師。A. almost幾乎，差不多，用在此處不妥。不能說“差不多是朋友”。C. most大多數(shù)，通常用作主語或定語，不作狀語：Most of us ca me to his birthday party.我們大數(shù)人參加了他的生日晚會。D. nearly幾乎，用法同almost。
?69.答案A。
?【參考譯文】 在我們的文化中，誠實被認為是性格的一個重要組成因素。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 element組成部分;元素：reduce sth. to its elements把某物分析出來。B. role作用;角色：play a role in 在……中發(fā)揮作用。C. share份額：do one’s sharef or the cause為事業(yè)貢獻一份力量。share強調(diào)在整體中所應得到的比重。D. practice實踐，練習：Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。誠實只能是性格中的一個組成部分，而不是整個性格中均分的份額，故A為最佳答案。
?70.答案C。
?【參考譯文】 通過考試的學生可以升級。
?【試題分析】 此題為近義詞辨析題。
?【詞義辨析】 promote晉升;促進;使(學生)升級：promote sale促銷;promote sb. to a higher position提升某人。A. progress進步，前進;為不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)。B. proceed繼續(xù);進而進行：proceed to the next item進而進行下一項。proceed為不及物動詞，也不能用于被動語態(tài)。D. propose提議、建議;提(名)推薦：Sb. is proposed as…某人被提名為……。用在此處不符合句意。因此C為正確答案。
Part Ⅳ
?71.【參考譯文】最通常的情況是，我們接觸書本時思緒不清，三心二意，要求小說寫得真實可靠，詩歌寫得空洞虛偽，傳記寫得溢美捧場，史記寫得增加我們的偏見。
?【翻譯技巧】本題采用“轉(zhuǎn)譯法”，“分譯法”。
?【翻譯點評】本句較長，但結構較簡單，前面為簡單句，后面asking引導的都作句子的狀語，但翻譯時應注意，句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換。因為本句的asking狀語句子占絕大部分，如果你以狀語出現(xiàn)，勢必使句子結構失衡，故將狀語轉(zhuǎn)譯為主句中的并列謂語，平衡句子,并使句子有一種排列的氣勢。同時，又將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)化為謂語，也是別具匠心的。
?72.【參考譯文】了解造就一位小說家的基本要素最迅速的辦法，也許不是讀而是寫，是親自體驗用詞的躊躇和難處。
?【翻譯技巧】本題采用“轉(zhuǎn)譯法”，“分譯法”。
?【翻譯點評】本句將“perhaps”一詞從句首后置提到句中謂語前，使行文更加流暢，符合中文習慣，注意句中將“the elemems of what a novelist is doing”譯為“造就一位小說家的基本要素”，采用意譯法使讀者易理解。另外，譯文將“experiment”轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞“體驗”，也是準確合理的。
?73.【參考譯文】我們可用這樣的一些方法做到這一點。例如找到一種高效的學習方法，將我們的家俱安排得更合理，或者將相機的鏡頭和濾光器重新加以組合以拍出一張不同尋常的照片。
?【翻譯技巧】本句采用“轉(zhuǎn)譯法”，“分譯法”。
?【翻譯點評】將“for example”放于例子前面，更符合作者要傳達的本意。詞義轉(zhuǎn)換是翻譯時常用的技巧，本句將“create”譯為“拍攝”，更加準確，參考譯文將前一個不定式由定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語動詞，也別具匠心。本句雖長，結構上仍是簡單句。
?74.【參考譯文】教授不以權威自居，不提供最后的結論，而是以探討者的態(tài)度與學生一起尋求答案。
?【翻譯技巧】本句采用“轉(zhuǎn)譯法”和“語序調(diào)整法”。
?【翻譯點評】注意“not”否定應包括“giving”短語，譯者充分注意到這一點。“looking for”譯為“探討”，而不是“尋找”，更符合語境——“老師和學生一起尋找答案”以及“老師與學生之間的平等關系”。
?75.【參考譯文】商業(yè)管理以及信息技術這些有助于事業(yè)發(fā)展的課程是最受歡迎的。不過，你也同樣能在網(wǎng)絡上找到各種各樣的文科課程，從電影理論到中世紀歷史以及外國語言學習等。
【翻譯技巧】本句采用“分譯法”和“語序調(diào)整法”。
?【翻譯點評】譯文將修飾“business…technology programs”短語的“career?boosting”定語后置于“programs”前，突出兩類課程，使讀者更易抓住關鍵信息。同時，將“but”引導的轉(zhuǎn)折分句另成一句，強調(diào)了“網(wǎng)絡上課程很多”的觀點。譯時注意“literal arts”意為“文科”。
Part Ⅴ
?寫作指導
這是一篇議論文，要注意審清題目“Should Tobacco Industry Be Forbidden?”。此題目不同于“Should Smoking Be Forbidden?”要注意簡述Tobacco Industry與Smoking之間的必然聯(lián)系，為結論做鋪墊。提綱要求考生列舉在目前形勢下煙草業(yè)的有利之處與吸煙有害健康，在權衡利弊的基礎上，得出結論：從長遠打算，煙草業(yè)終將被禁止。由于此結論在提綱中已明確指出，不允許考生自由發(fā)揮。在范文中，第一段先指出煙草業(yè)是國民產(chǎn)業(yè)中的一部分，并借此引出煙草業(yè)對就業(yè)，國家財政收入的貢獻，主要借用數(shù)據(jù)來說明問題。第二段以“on the other hand”轉(zhuǎn)變話題，談到煙草業(yè)的產(chǎn)品與吸煙的危害。最后從目前政府限制煙草業(yè)的發(fā)展談及未來煙草業(yè)被禁止。全篇文章前后連貫，轉(zhuǎn)承有致，觀點鮮明。
Sample Writing
Should Tobacco Industry Be Forbidden?
?Tobacco industry has long been a major part of national industries and contributed a lot to society. It provides so many job opportunities that it is estimated 10% of Chinese people are doing jobs connected with it. What’s more, the tax on tobacco industry is high, which inevitably brings large amounts of provincial and national revenue and helps to increase national wealth.
?But on the other hand, it is well?known that the major product of tobacco industry is simply cigarettes, cigars and so on. With various cigarettes to cater to different customers, people are tempted to fall into smoking, man and woman, adult and children. That’s where problem exists. For one thing, smoking does harm to health and even leads to lung cancer. For another, smoking is one source of air pollution, which affects non?smokers’ health.
?Fortunately, our government has noticed this problem and already taken measures to restrain the development of tobacco industry and prohibit smoking in public places. It’s true that we can’t do away with it at once. However, in the long run, tabacco industry should be forbidden, but gradually.
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