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2015年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀模擬題及解析
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
The Interaction of Body and Mind
The concept of psychosomatic illness
Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosomatic illness is the occurrence of bodily symptoms(癥狀) which are psychological or emotional in origin.
Mind and body are not separate; one affects and is affected by the other. Who has not experienced some physical manifestation of emotional stress? Such experiences as a headache after a quarrel and urinary frequency or diarrhea before an examination are not uncommon, and for most people they are of a temporary nature. The symptoms disappear and are forgotten after the crisis has passed. No treatment may be needed, or the patient may use simple remedies to relieve the discomfort. One person may find that a leisurely walk is the best cure for a headache; another may take aspirin.
Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness: pepticulcer, eczema, colitis, and asthma. Personality profiles have been developed to describe the typical characteristics of persons who develop such illness. Another point of view is that human beings are more complex and varied in their responses than such profiles would indicate, and that the type of illness a patient develops in relation to stress varies with many additional factors, such as heredity and environment. Much remains to be learned about the relationship between stress and physical illness.
Physical symptoms, such as palpitation, sweating, or disturbance of sleep, which reflect anxiety, may occur over a prolonged period. The symptoms may seem mysterious and threatening, because the patient is unaware of their cause. The patient whose heart beats more rapidly and forcefully as a manifestation of anxiety may report this symptom to his doctor, believing that something is wrong with his heart. Often the patient is not aware that he is anxious. He knows only that his heart keeps pounding for no apparent reason.
Almost any symptom can have its origin in emotional stress. Some patients almost invariably have the same stress when they become anxious. One may have diarrhea, another asthma, and a third may develop hives or eczema. Some people develop two or several different symptoms; often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion.
The development of bodily symptoms is only one manifestation of anxiety. It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental, such as the inability to concentrate or to remember. Such symptom too, vary in degree. Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression. When such symptoms are severe or long- lasting, they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others.
Sometimes a person subconsciously develops an illness as a way of handling a desperate need, such as the need for affection. The only real cure is to satisfy the primary desire. An example is a woman who has pain in her heart, not because of organic heart disease, but because the symptom is a way of gaining, if only temporarily, the love and attention for which she longs. Her husband cannot leave her when she is so sick; her children are concerned. Her pain is just as severe as if it had a physical cause.
The reality of psychosomatic illness
Is the patient with psychosomatic illness really sick, or does he merely imagine he is sick? Many people, including the families of patients and members of the health professions, believe that physical illness which is influenced by emotional stress is less real, or wholly imaginary. Acknowledging the reality of the patients' illness is important; it is the first step in helping him.
Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected. The same staff who give excellent care to other patients, not uncommonly ignore them. Some possible reasons may include the use of the term psycho as a prefix. Perhaps this conveys the idea that such patients are mentally iii, and therefore have no physical illness. Perhaps they are considered weaklings. One hears comments like, "He could snap out(克服) of it if he wanted to." Prejudice against these patients may be due to a belief that they are pretending illness in an attempt to get attention or favors.
A patient with psychosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer, one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain, such as financial compensation or excuse from work. Pretending illness is considered an unhealthy and unsatisfactory solution to the problems of life. Often it adds to the patient's difficulties, as he makes elaborate attempts to avoid detection. A malingerer can be helped sometimes to find ways of coping with difficulties. The essential difference between psychosomatic illness and malingering is that the malingerer pretends symptoms. It is a conscious process and he is aware that he is pretending to be sick. The patient with psychosomatic illness develops symptoms as manifestation of largely unconscious psychic conflicts. The symptoms are real.
Condemnation(責(zé)難) of the patient with psychosomatic illness can persist despite intellectual understanding of theories about its cause. The patient can sense immediately whether those who care for him are trying to help him or not. It is important to understand that:
·The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick. He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms.
·The idea that he can "snap out of it" at will is no more true than it is of those with diseases like pneumonia, whose need for care is readily acknowledged.
1. The symptoms of some people with psychosomatic illness are experienced in an alternating fashion.
2. Moodiness and depression are symptoms that don't last long.
3. Psychosomatic sick people will stop cheating when they sense that those who care for them are belittling them.
4. People with psychosomatic illness tend to be given less care than they deserve.
5. Malingerers are those who pretend to be iii for some other purposes.
6. The symptoms of people with psychosomatic illness are primarily mental.
7. Today more and more people are suffering from psychosomatic illness.
8. Such conditions as ___________ have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness.
9. Psychosomatic symptoms may be primarily mental, such as the inability ______.
10. The first and the most important step in helping the psychosomatic patients is to ______.
試題詳解
1.Y 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞alternating fashion定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面第五段末句： Some people develop two or several different symptoms;often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion，題目是原文的同義替換，由此得出題目說(shuō)法正確。
2.N 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞moodiness and depression定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句：Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression.When such symptoms are severe or long-lasting，they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others，原文指出這些癥狀可能long-lasting，題目卻說(shuō)don't last long。題目與原文相反，由此得出題目說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。
3.N 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞psychosomatic sick people，cheating定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句：The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick.He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms，可知心身病的患者并沒(méi)有裝病，題目中的cheating與原文意思相反，由此得出題日說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。
4.Y 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞people with psychosomatic illness定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面第二段首句：Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected，題目呈原文的同義替換，由此得出題目說(shuō)法正確。
5.Y 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞malingerers定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句：A patient with pschosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer，one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain，such as financial compensation or excuse from work，題目是原文的同義替換，由此得出題目說(shuō)法正確。
6.N 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞primarily mental定位到文章倒數(shù)第二句：The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick.He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms，題目表述與原文正好相反，由此得出題目說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。
7.NG 由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞today more and more people在文中無(wú)法定位，原文未提及得病人數(shù)的變化.由此得出答案為NG。
8. pepticulcer, eczema，colitis，and asthma
由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞conditions，have been considered，classic examples of psychosomatic illness定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面第三段首句：Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness：pepticulcer, eczema，colitis，and asthma，由此得出答案。
9.to concentrate or to remember
由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞symptoms，primarily mental，inabilities定位到第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面倒數(shù)第二段第二句：It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental，such as the inability to concentrate or to remember，由此得出答案。
10.acknowledge the reality or the patients' illness
由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞first，most important step，helping定位到第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下面首段末句：Acknowledging the reality of the patients' illness is imaportant;it is the first step in helping him，由此得出答案。
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