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2015年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話聽(tīng)力技巧
一、抓住首尾句
主題句常常是在對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭，它對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容起一個(gè)概括和提示的作用，實(shí)際上是說(shuō)話人所談?wù)摰闹行脑掝}。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中的第一題很可能是針對(duì)對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭提問(wèn)，考查考生對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話的主題或所談話題的把握。
結(jié)尾處往往涉及到建議、決定或某種行為等，它對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話起到一個(gè)總結(jié)的作用。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的最后一題經(jīng)常是針對(duì)對(duì)話的結(jié)尾設(shè)題，故留意其中的關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞就成了解題的關(guān)鍵。
【例1】(07-6-19)
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] To go sightseeing.
[B] To have meetings.
[C] To promote a new champagne.
[D] To join in a training program.
【邊聽(tīng)邊記】
M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’s your trip to the states?
W: Very busy, [19]I had a lot of meetings. …
19. Why did the woman go to New York?
【答案解析】
選[B]。細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話一開(kāi)始，男士就問(wèn)女士去美國(guó)的旅行怎么樣，女士回答說(shuō)很忙，她had a lot of meetings(要參加很多會(huì)議)，由此可知女士去紐約是去參加會(huì)議。
二、留意對(duì)話中的一問(wèn)一答
長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中，對(duì)話雙方往往出現(xiàn)多個(gè)一問(wèn)一答，而這一恰恰是長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的一個(gè)出題重點(diǎn)，對(duì)話后面問(wèn)題往往就是對(duì)話原文中問(wèn)題的照搬或是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此其答案就是對(duì)話中緊接問(wèn)題之后的答語(yǔ)，而且一般不會(huì)有同音或近音詞的干擾，因此對(duì)于這類(lèi)題目答案的基本原則就是"聽(tīng)到什么選什么"。
【例2】(07-6-25)
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] Data collection.
[B] Training consultancy.
[C] Corporate management.
[D] Information processing.
【邊聽(tīng)邊記】
W: What’s your line of business, Mr. Johnson?
M: We are a training consultancy.
25. What is the man’s line of business?
【答案解析】
選[B]。細(xì)節(jié)題。女士的提問(wèn)即為本題的提問(wèn)，答案就在男士接下來(lái)的回答中。女士問(wèn)男士What’s your line of business(做哪一行)，男士回答說(shuō)We are a training consultancy(我們是培訓(xùn)咨詢(xún)公司),由此可知答案為[B]。
三、留意重復(fù)率較高的詞或短語(yǔ)
對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容理所當(dāng)然會(huì)得到說(shuō)話人的強(qiáng)調(diào)，而一個(gè)非常重要，也是非常明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)方式就是重復(fù)，而且重復(fù)的詞語(yǔ)往往能夠揭示對(duì)話的主題。因此對(duì)那些對(duì)話雙方多次提到的詞語(yǔ)或內(nèi)容應(yīng)進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)記憶。
【例3】(710分樣卷-22)
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A]The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.
[B]The fall of Karnak’s capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.
[C]The epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.
[D]The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak. 【邊聽(tīng)邊記】
W: We now interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you live up-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan ...
M: …, rebel forces launched the biggest offensive against the ruling government in the 18-month conflict here in this country.
M:…, rebel forces are also using heavy artillery to pound the positions of government forces around the city center. Rebel forces are closing in, …
M: … this war-torn country …, but that is always a concern if this war lingers on.
22.What is the news coverage mainly about?
【答案解析】
選[A]。主旨題。主旨題的答案往往在開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾，而本題的答案即出自開(kāi)頭的第一句。選項(xiàng)中的latest(最新的)對(duì)應(yīng)該句中的live up-to-date(最新直播)，armed rebellion(武裝叛亂)對(duì)應(yīng)unrest(動(dòng)亂)。另外，對(duì)話的主題往往會(huì)得到多次重復(fù)，因此根據(jù)后面多次出現(xiàn)的rebel forces, conflict, war等與“叛亂”相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)，也可判斷本題答案為[A]。
四、留意選項(xiàng)中的要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容
正確選項(xiàng)往往與原文相似，或是原文的同義表達(dá)，因此應(yīng)注意提取選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，在聽(tīng)音時(shí)留意其是否在文中出現(xiàn)并加以記錄。
【例4】(710分樣卷-25)
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] Inadequate medical care.
[B] Continuing social unrest.
[C] Lack of food, water and shelter.
[D] Rapid spreading of the epidemic
【邊聽(tīng)邊記】
W: … what other pressing concerns are there for the citizens of the city?
M: Well, since the beginning of the conflict, starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter have been the biggest daily obstacles facing the citizens of this war-torn country.
25. What is the pressing concern of the citizens of Karnack?
【答案解析】
選[C]。細(xì)節(jié)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有[C]項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)，其他三項(xiàng)均未涉及到，故只要抓住對(duì)話中starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter或其部分內(nèi)容，即可判斷答案為[C]。starvation意為“饑餓”。
五、留意數(shù)字、人名、地名、時(shí)間、年代等相關(guān)信息
遇到數(shù)字、人名、地名、時(shí)間、年代時(shí)要對(duì)相關(guān)信息做簡(jiǎn)要記錄，尤其是選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似的概念時(shí)，在聽(tīng)音時(shí)更應(yīng)重點(diǎn)留意。
【例5】(710分樣卷-24)
【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】
[A] Late in the morning.
[B] Early in the afternoon.
[C] Sometime before dawn.
[D] Shortly after sunrise. 【邊聽(tīng)邊記】
M: … Rebel forces are closing in, and it’s feared tha they will be able to take the capital building before daybreak where, it is believed, many government officials are holding out.
24. At what time of day do you think this news report is being made?
【答案解析】
選[C]。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文中…it’s feared that they will …before daybreak.可知，當(dāng)時(shí)報(bào)道的時(shí)間應(yīng)該是在before daybreak(黎明破曉前)。dawn相當(dāng)于daybreak。
六、注意使用縮略語(yǔ)
記筆記一定要迅速，而要想在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)盡可能比較全面的記錄重點(diǎn)信息，使用一定的縮略語(yǔ)和熟悉的符號(hào)是十分必要的，主要有以下幾種方法：
1. 利用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)。
如equal寫(xiě)成“=”; “≠”表示“unequal”;“↑”代表increase/up; “←”表示result from/because/since/for/as;“→”代表lead to/result in/has become/turn into;“↓”表示decrease/drop/dip/fall;“≈”代表about/almost;>表示more than;<表示 less than;“ +”代表include/cover;“-”則是exclude等。
2. 利用數(shù)字和其他固定符號(hào)。
能用數(shù)字或其他固定符號(hào)代表的詞全部用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字或符號(hào)，這樣既能節(jié)約時(shí)間，又能避免拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，如：twenty寫(xiě)成 20; nineteen eighty four記作1984; $=dollar; ￡=pound; 11 in the morning=11 am; 11 in the evening=11 pm等。
3. 創(chuàng)造自己的速寫(xiě)符號(hào)。
在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中也可以使用和創(chuàng)造一些符合自己習(xí)慣的縮略語(yǔ)和符號(hào)，如u可代表understand(ing); m可代表mean(ing); m=minute; s=second; h=hour; imp.=important/importance; nec.=necessary等。
聽(tīng)力水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，而聽(tīng)力技巧的熟練運(yùn)用少不了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的練習(xí)。
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