大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題

時(shí)間：2024-09-26 11:27:00 林強(qiáng) 英語四級(jí) 我要投稿

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題

　　在日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中，我們最不陌生的就是試題了，試題是命題者根據(jù)測(cè)試目標(biāo)和測(cè)試事項(xiàng)編寫出來的。那么你知道什么樣的試題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？下面是小編整理的大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題

　　大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試試題及答案 1

　　Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

　　31. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used late for his lecture.

　　A) to have students B) for students being

　　C) for students to be D) to students being

　　32. You should have been more patient that customer; Im sure that selling him the watch was a possibility.

　　A) of B) with C) for D) at

　　33. Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university .

　　A) has been accepted B) have been accepted

　　C) was accepted D) were accepted

　　34. This box is too heavy, . give me a hand?

　　A) would you mind B) would you please

　　C) will you like to D) will you please to

　　35. he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.

　　A) As soon as B) As well as C) So far as D) So long as

　　36. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town 50 households or more.

　　A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had

　　37. People appreciate with him because he has a good sense of humor.

　　A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having worked

　　38. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.

　　A) injure B) had injured C) injured D) would injure

　　39. We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield . any military threat.

　　A) up B) to C) in D) at

　　40. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded______ other more well-informed experimenters failed.

　　A) which B) that C) what D) where

　　41. If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, would be getting sick.

　　A) a lot of more us. B) more a lot of us

　　C) a lot of us more D) a lot more of us

　　42. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, obtaining water is not the least.

　　A) for which B) to which C) of which D) in which

　　43. Which sport has the most expenses training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms ?

　　A) in place of B) in terms of C) by means of D) by way of

　　44. They are going to have the serviceman ________an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

　　A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed

　　45. Im sure he is up to the job he would give his mind to it.

　　A) if only B) in case C) until D) unless

　　46. The car halfway for_______ no reason.

　　A) broke off B) broke down C) broke up D) broke out

　　47. The newcomers found it impossible to themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.

　　A) suit B) adapt C) regulate D) coordinate

　　48. A to this problem is expected to be found before long.

　　A) result B) response C) settlement D) solution

　　49. You have nothing to by refusing to listen to our advice.

　　A) gain B) grasp C) seize D) earn

　　50. As a result of careless washing, the jacket to a childs size.

　　A) compressed B) shrank C) dropped D) decreased

　　51. He hoped the firm would him to the Paris branch.

　　A) exchange B) transmit C) transfer D) remove

　　52. Having decided to rent a flat, we ______contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.

　　A) set about B) set down C) set out D) set up

　　53. The relationship between employers and employees has been studied ______.

　　A) originally B)extremely C) violently D) intensively

　　54. their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.

　　A) But for B) For all C) Above all D) Except for

　　55. One day I a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.

　　A) came across B) came about C) came after D) came at

　　56. She was complaining that the doctor was __ too much for the treatment he was giving her.

　　A) expending B) offering C) costing D) charging

　　57. The manager spoke highly of such as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.

　　A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristics

　　58. Since the matter was extremely , we dealt with it immediately.

　　A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant

　　59. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you on business first.

　　A) would go B) will go C) went D) have gone

　　60. When I try to understand that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.

　　A) why it does B) what it does C) what it is D) why it is

　　【參考答案】

　　Part III Vocabulary and Structure

　　31. D 32. B 33. C 34 B 35. D

　　36. A 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D

　　41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A

　　46. B 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B

　　51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. A

　　56. D 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. C

　　【試題注解】

　　Part Ⅲ： Vocabulary and Structure。

　　31 . [譯文] 盡管這位教授自己很守時(shí)，但他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了學(xué)生上課遲到。

　　答案為D。這是一道考察固定搭配的試題。be/become/get used to，此外to為介詞，后面跟名詞性成份，它有別于used to+不定式，(過去常常)。

　　32. [譯文] 如果你對(duì)顧客這耐心點(diǎn)，我相信他有可能會(huì)買著塊表。

　　答案為B。本題測(cè)試習(xí)慣用法patient with somebody(有耐性的)， e.g. Be patient with a child , be patient of sth.(能忍受)

　　33. [譯文] 這兩個(gè)到大學(xué)求職的年輕人都沒被聘用。

　　答案為C。本題測(cè)試的是語法中的一致性，從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來看，我們應(yīng)選用一般過去時(shí)，而不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，另外，當(dāng)either， neither做主語時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)，而“either，neither +of 短語”做主語時(shí)，謂語也常用單數(shù)。(Neither of the students has turned in the papers to the teacher)。

　　34. [譯文] 這個(gè)箱子太重了，你能幫我一下嗎?

　　答案為B。本題測(cè)試慣用法，當(dāng)我們表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，可以有以下幾種表達(dá)方法。

　　Would you like to go

　　Would you prefer to go with me?

　　Would you mind going

　　以上的句子中，would 不能被will替換，另外我們還可用would/will you please + do sth來表示請(qǐng)求。

　　35. [譯文] 只要他盡力去做就行，我不在乎他什么時(shí)候做完實(shí)驗(yàn)。

　　答案為D。本題為詞組用法測(cè)試題。as soon as 表示一……就;(常用于時(shí)間狀語從句)as well as 意為“同樣;也;和”，相當(dāng)于in addition to;as far as 意為“到……程度，就……而言”;so long as 意為只要;如果。(引出條件狀語從句)

　　36. [譯文] 早在1647年俄亥俄州就做出決定：在每個(gè)有50戶以上的居民的城鎮(zhèn)中必須建立免費(fèi)的、由財(cái)政支持的學(xué)校。

　　答案為A。本題為語法測(cè)試題。分詞作定語,修飾名詞時(shí)，可放在名詞前面，也可以放在名詞后面，當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾名詞時(shí)需置于名詞之后，其相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語的從句(過去名詞不能這樣用)，故我們選A項(xiàng)。

　　37. [譯文] 人們喜歡和他在一起工作，因?yàn)樗挥杏哪小?/p>

　　答案為C.本題為語法測(cè)試題。英語中有些動(dòng)詞只接不定式，而有些動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)名詞做其賓語，而動(dòng)詞appreciate后面只能跟動(dòng)名詞作其賓語，故我們選C項(xiàng)。

　　38. [譯文] 這個(gè)瘋子被關(guān)進(jìn)一間用軟墊防護(hù)的小室內(nèi)，以免他弄傷自己。

　　答案為A。這是一道語法測(cè)試題。英語語法中，在由lest(書面語)引起的從句中一般要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞由should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，其中should可以省略，所以我們應(yīng)選擇A項(xiàng)。

　　39. [譯文] 我們愛好和平，但我們不是那種屈從于武力威脅的人。

　　答案為B。本題測(cè)試動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配。yield to sb./sth.是習(xí)慣用法，意思為“屈服，讓步”，而yield up sth.表示“放棄，根據(jù)題意，我們應(yīng)選擇B)。

　　40. [譯文] 盡管對(duì)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域大量研究成果他知之甚少，但在那些所知比他多的人失敗的地方他卻取得了成功。

　　答案為D。本題測(cè)試的是定語從句的用法。在改用定語從句時(shí)，主要是要弄清先行詞是什么，而后再選擇關(guān)系詞，本題中關(guān)系詞所指的是“the field”表地點(diǎn)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where，故我們選D項(xiàng)。

　　41. [譯文] 如果自來水象某些人想的那樣危險(xiǎn)，我們中的許多人都會(huì)得病了。

　　答案為D。本題測(cè)試的是限定詞的位置關(guān)系。用more來限定lot時(shí)，應(yīng)置于lot之后，其它的說法都不符合習(xí)慣用法，故應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。

　　42. [譯文] 生活在澳大利亞沙漠中有許多不便，其中獲取水還不是最不便的。

　　答案為C。這是一道定語從句的考查題。本句為一個(gè)非限定性定語從句，從先行詞problems和引導(dǎo)詞which之間的意思，我們要用介詞of，故我們選擇C項(xiàng)。

　　43. [譯文] 就訓(xùn)練設(shè)備、運(yùn)動(dòng)員的個(gè)人裝備和服裝而言，哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)花費(fèi)最大?

　　答案為B。本題是一道詞義測(cè)試題。in place of/in the place of/in one’s place，意為“代替”;by means of 意為 “憑、依靠�！�;by way of 意為 “通過……公式�！�;in terms of 意為 “根據(jù)，從……方面”。

　　44. [譯文] 他們準(zhǔn)備讓勤雜工明天在辦公室安裝一臺(tái)電扇。

　　答案為A。本題是一道語法測(cè)試題。我們知道使役動(dòng)詞，have、let、make后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)省略to，本句由應(yīng)有have sb. do sth.故我們選A項(xiàng)。

　　45. [譯文] 只要他專心去做，我相信他能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。

　　答案為A。.本題為詞意理解題。

　　if only 意為“只要”，是復(fù)合從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，類似as long as。until 可作連詞也可作介詞，意為“到……為止”。in case 意為“如果，萬一”，后跟虛擬語氣。unless 意為“除非，如果不”。

　　46. [譯文] 不知何因，這車在半路上壞了。

　　答案為B。本題測(cè)試動(dòng)詞短語的搭配。break off 意為“停止、中斷說話等，暫時(shí)停止”;break down 意為“崩潰、出毛病(機(jī)器);break up 意為“破摔，碎裂”;break out 意為“突然發(fā)生(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，疾病等)”。

　　47. [譯文] 這些新來者發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己在這個(gè)國(guó)家要完全適應(yīng)這種氣候以便永久安家是不可能的。

　　答案為B。本題是一道詞匯考查題。suit意為“使?jié)M意，適應(yīng)”，(e.g.)，Does the climate suit you?adapt 意為“使適應(yīng)，改編，改寫”，(e.g.)you must adapt yourself to new condition. regulate 意為“調(diào)節(jié)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(儀器，機(jī)械)”;coordinate意為“調(diào)和，協(xié)調(diào)”。

　　48. [譯文] 這個(gè)問題的解決方法有望在不久后被找到。

　　答案為D。詞匯考查題。result(n.)意為“結(jié)果，效果，成績(jī)等”;response 意為“回答，反應(yīng)”;settlement 意為“(問題的)解答，解決方式或方法”。

　　49. [譯文] 你不聽我們的建議將毫無收獲。

　　答案為A。詞匯測(cè)試題。gain，意為“獲得，贏得”;seize，意為“抓住、捉住”;grasp，意為“掌握、理解、抓緊”;earn，意為“賺得，拿得”。

　　50. [譯文] 由于洗的時(shí)候不小心，這件夾克縮到小孩的尺寸了。

　　答案為C。這是一道近義詞辨析題。compress 意為“壓縮(便于置于小的空間)”;

　　shrink意為“(使)收縮、(使)縮(指布漫濕之后收縮)，(e.g.)Those jeans will shrink in the wash.. drop 意為“滴下、落下”;decrease 意為“減少、減小”。

　　51. [譯文] 他希望公司能將他調(diào)到巴黎分部。

　　答案為C。詞匯測(cè)試題。exchange 意為“交換、調(diào)換”;transmit 意為“傳播、轉(zhuǎn)送、輸送”;transfer 意為“遷移、調(diào)動(dòng)”;remove 意為“排除、消除、搬遷、與”。

　　52. [譯文] 在決定租一套公寓后，我們開始著手聯(lián)系城里的房屋經(jīng)紀(jì)人。

　　答案為A。本題測(cè)試動(dòng)詞詞組的用法。set about 意為“開始、著手”，表示有目的地開始做某事;set down 意為“放下、卸下”，set out to do sth. 表示為某個(gè)目的而努力;set out 意為“出發(fā)、啟程”;set up 意為“豎起建起、搭起”。

　　53. [譯文] 雇主和雇員之間的關(guān)系已被做了精密地研究。

　　答案為D。.詞匯測(cè)試題。originally 意為“新穎地、獨(dú)特地”等;extremely 意為“(強(qiáng)度)極端地”;violently 意為“猛烈地、使用暴力地”等;intensively，表示“強(qiáng)烈地、密集地”等。

　　54. [譯文] 盡管這對(duì)親人之間有些性格差異，他們卻正形成明顯的，真誠(chéng)的愛情。

　　答案為B。詞義考查題。but for 意為“要不是、要是沒有”后面要求用虛擬語氣。

　　for all 意為“雖然、盡管”，(e.g.)For all his wealth，he was not happy。above all 意為“最重要的是”。except for 意為“除……之外”。

　　55. [譯文] 一天我在報(bào)紙上偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一篇關(guān)于某州大學(xué)的一位英語教授的學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告。

　　答案為A。這是一道動(dòng)詞詞組考查題。come across(sb./sth.)，意為“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)/遇見某人”;come about 意為“發(fā)生”;come after 意為“跟隨”;come at 意為“達(dá)到、得到”。

　　56. [譯文] 她在抱怨那位醫(yī)生收費(fèi)太高。

　　答案為D。近義詞辨析題。expend，意為“花費(fèi)、耗盡、用量”;offer 意為“提供、提出、出價(jià)”;cost 意為“花多少錢”;charge 意為“索價(jià)、要價(jià)”。

　　57. [譯文] 這位經(jīng)理高度贊揚(yáng)了他的員工所表現(xiàn)出的誠(chéng)實(shí)、勇敢、守信等美德。

　　答案為A。詞義辨析題。virtue 意為“優(yōu)點(diǎn)、美德、好處”;feature 意為“相、特色、特征、特寫、特別督導(dǎo)”等;property 意為“屬性、性質(zhì)”;characteristic 意為“特點(diǎn)、特征、特色”。

　　58. [譯文] 由于事情非常緊迫，我們立刻處理了它。

　　答案為C。辨析詞匯題。tough 意為“堅(jiān)韌的、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的、堅(jiān)硬的”等;tense 意為“拉緊的、緊張的”;urgent 意為“急迫的”;instant 意為“即刻的、立刻的”。

　　59. [譯文] 你沒有必要這么著急。我寧愿你先去上班。

　　答案為C。結(jié)構(gòu)搭配題。would rather 意為“寧愿、寧可”，后引起虛擬語氣的從句，表示對(duì)未來推測(cè)的一種情況，當(dāng)后面跟that從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞過去式，故我們可選C項(xiàng)。

　　60. [譯文] 當(dāng)我試圖認(rèn)識(shí)究竟是使么使得美國(guó)人不能像其期望的那么幸福時(shí)，在我看來有兩個(gè)原因。

　　答案為C。結(jié)構(gòu)考查題。根據(jù)本題結(jié)構(gòu)，連接詞應(yīng)在句子中作表語成份，故我們選用what引導(dǎo)，所以我們可選C項(xiàng)。

　　大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試試題及答案 2

　　As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.

　　If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in points, which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.

　　In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.

　　[A]compare

　　[B]responsible

　　[C]useful

　　[D]added

　　[E]find

　　[F]reference

　　[G]indirect

　　[H]method

　　[I]successful

　　[J]combined

　　[K]Necessarily

　　[L]capacity

　　[M]ability

　　[N]Basically

　　[O]adopt

　　【答案】

　　1.選B)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。原文意思為“會(huì)計(jì)部門...計(jì)算報(bào)酬”，選項(xiàng)中的形容詞responsible“負(fù)責(zé)任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“間接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect不能與for連用，排除;剩余幾項(xiàng)中只有B)responsible意義符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。

　　2.選O)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。本文主題就是采用一種新的工資和薪水制度時(shí)需要注意的問題，選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞原形有compare“比較”，find“找到”，adopt“采納”，分別帶入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故選O).

　　3.選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。從原文看，and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所以要填的詞應(yīng)與and后面的ways意思一致，選項(xiàng)中的名詞只有mathod = ways，故選H)method。

　　4.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。上文說新的工資制度需要一套決定工作評(píng)估和衡量雇員表現(xiàn)的方法，說的是制度“是否有用”的問題。這句說的時(shí)新的工資制度執(zhí)行過程中的問題，勞資雙方先期達(dá)成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要條件。形容詞useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原文意思。

　　5.選D)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語是point“分值”，把分值...起來to give a total value得出總分值，選項(xiàng)中有added和combined，前者指“把...相加”，后者意為“把...結(jié)合在一起”，原文指將分值相加得出總分，故D)added最符合文意。

　　6.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。首先solve problem“解決問題”是經(jīng)理們應(yīng)具備的能力，選項(xiàng)中的capacity與ability都可以表示“能力”;前者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)際應(yīng)用的能力，故不難判斷解決問題的能力應(yīng)該用M)ability。

　　7.選F)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前半句指出“因?yàn)楣芾砉ぷ骱茈y評(píng)估，經(jīng)理的工作得分不需要參照基于分值的評(píng)估系統(tǒng)決定。”without reference to為固定搭配，意思是“與...無關(guān)”。故選F)reference。

　　8.選A)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。原句中出現(xiàn)了the value of each job“每種工作的價(jià)值”和these in the job market“工作市場(chǎng)上的(工作價(jià)值)”，說明人事部門通過比較兩種價(jià)值來計(jì)算工資制度。選項(xiàng)中只有compare表示“比較”，所以A)正確。

　　9.選K)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，修飾整句話�！皥�(bào)酬要隨工作表現(xiàn)各方面的不同而有所改變”，選項(xiàng)中Necessarily“必須地”與Basically“基本地”為副詞，分別帶入原文，“報(bào)酬...的變化是必須的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),選K)。

　　10.選G)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文中提到一種情況即simple to measure the work done易于評(píng)估的工作，通常用現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)辦法;而...measurement is difficult“難于評(píng)估的”，說明這些工作人員的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是間接的，故選項(xiàng)中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。

　　大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試試題及答案 3

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

　　[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (繼續(xù)處理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

　　[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有復(fù)原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

　　[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

　　[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

　　[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

　　[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

　　[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

　　[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

　　[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

　　[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

　　[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

　　[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

　　[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

　　36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

　　37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

　　38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

　　39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

　　40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

　　41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

　　42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

　　43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

　　44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

　　45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

　　答案：

　　36.D

　　37. J

　　38. L

　　39. A

　　40. E

　　41. K

　　42. I

　　43.B

　　44. G

　　45. C

　　大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試試題及答案 4

　　As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume

　　Besides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.

　　Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knewfrompast experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

　　She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.

　　When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.

　　1.Ediths father _______.

　　a.did not like present

　　b.never got present c.preferred ties

　　d.was difficult to choose a present for

　　2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.

　　a.attractive

　　b.interested in ties c.tired

　　d.in needof comfort

　　3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.

　　a.purosely

　　b.suddenly

　　c.unwillingly