英語四級短文翻譯技巧
英語四級，是我們在大學(xué)中會經(jīng)歷的考試，其中翻譯題是大多數(shù)人頭疼的題目，該怎么做呢？以下是小編幫大家整理的英語四級短文翻譯技巧，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
英語四級短文翻譯技巧 1
1. 增詞
為了充分傳達(dá)原文含義，必須增補(bǔ)詞語，以求達(dá)意.
北京是中國的政治、文化中心。這里你可以游覽萬里長城、故宮、頤和園等。
beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: the great wall, the forbidden city, the summer palace etc.
我不覺得用英語與外國人交談有什么困難。
i don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in english.
虛心使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后。
modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes on lag behind.
2. 減詞:
漢語喜歡重復(fù)，英語崇尚簡潔。漢語的重復(fù)作為一種修辭手段有兩種作用。一是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，重復(fù)表達(dá)一個意思，或增添修飾語，加強(qiáng)語氣。二是為了便于詞語搭配，或平衡節(jié)奏，增加可讀性。這些在漢語里習(xí)以為常的重復(fù)詞語或句式，到了英語里要么不合邏輯，要么累贅冗長。所以翻譯時(shí)都要有所刪減省略。
這是革命的春天，這是人民的春天，這是科學(xué)的春天！讓我們張開雙臂，熱烈擁抱這個春天吧！ let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.
見到自己的故鄉(xiāng)，他想起了童年的情景。
the sight of his native place called back his childhood. 他連續(xù)講了兩小時(shí)的法語，沒有出現(xiàn)任何錯誤。
he has been speaking in french for two hours without any mistakes.
長嗟短嘆—— sighing deeply
發(fā)號施令—— issue orders
土崩瓦解—— fall apart
兩面三刀—— two-faced tactics
3. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換
詞類變形和轉(zhuǎn)換，是英語語言的一個很重要的特點(diǎn)，尤其是名詞、動詞、形容詞這三種最主要的詞類。
eg. 他的演講給我們的印象很深。
his speech impressed us deeply.(名詞變動詞)
eg. 你說他傻不傻？
don’t you think he is an idiot (形容詞變名詞)
英語四級段落翻譯技巧
4. 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換
在英漢兩種語言當(dāng)中都有主動和被動兩種語態(tài)。在英語中被動語態(tài)的使用頻率要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于漢語。如果一味按照漢語原句的語態(tài)來翻譯，會使譯文顯得十分別扭。
這個小男孩在放學(xué)回家的路上受了傷 。
the little boy was hurt on his way home from school.
門鎖好了。
the door has been locked up.
新教材在印刷中。
new textbooks are being printed.
5. 分譯 & 合譯(按內(nèi)容層次分譯)
分譯： 需要分譯的句子多數(shù)是長句，或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的.復(fù)句。這種句子如果譯成一個長句，就會使譯文冗長、累贅、意思表達(dá)不清楚，也不符合英文習(xí)慣。如果采用分譯，則會使譯文簡潔、易懂、層次分明。
少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰竭時(shí)，要做學(xué)問也來不及了。
youth will soon be gone， never to return. and it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.
她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊，船里有位船夫睡得正香。
looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. in it there was a boatman fast asleep
合譯：
相較于漢語而言，英語長句多，因此在翻譯中，要把漢語的兩個或多個句子合譯為英語的一句，使譯文緊湊、簡練。
對我來說，我的水族箱就像我自己的一個小王國。我就是里面的國王。 to me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where i am king.
第二天，我又接到一個電報(bào)。這個電報(bào)有34個字，比前一個電報(bào)說得更詳細(xì)。
the following day i received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.
6. 正、反表達(dá)翻譯
i.漢語從反面表達(dá)，譯文從正面表達(dá)
他提出的論據(jù)相當(dāng)不充實(shí)。
the argument he put forward is pretty thin.
他七十歲了，可是并不顯老。
he was 70, but he carried his years lightly.
ii.漢語從正面表達(dá)，譯文從反面表達(dá)
她來得正是時(shí)候。
she couldn’t have come at a better time.
對于漢譯英，你越細(xì)心越好。
you can never be too careful about chinese-english translation.
7.變序
從譯文的行文上考慮，有時(shí)需要對原文的詞序作一番調(diào)整，以適應(yīng)英文的修辭習(xí)慣，或者為了避免因結(jié)構(gòu)而產(chǎn)生的歧義。
例：到西安你可以買兵馬俑、唐三彩。
unique local creations are available in xi’an, such as the three colored glazed pottery of the tang dynasty and terra-cotta figures.
(“兵馬俑”和“唐三彩”在譯文中變換了位置，是為了避免”of the tang dynasty”在結(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生歧義。)
英語四級短文翻譯技巧 2
翻譯的原則是“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”三原則，但在四級考試中，對漢語沒有很高的要求，所以我們只要做到“信”和“達(dá)”就可以了。
做英語四級翻譯時(shí)，要翻譯好長句，有的同學(xué)在考試時(shí)，看到長句就發(fā)懵，無從下手不知道該怎么辦。在解決長句翻譯的時(shí)候，先找出主干結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯好主干后，再翻譯修飾部分，最后整合好按照正確語法順序連在一起。
注意時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變和固定搭配。
這些細(xì)節(jié)性問題更是提分的關(guān)鍵，一定要選擇正確的時(shí)態(tài)并隨著時(shí)態(tài)修改be動詞、動詞的過去式、過去分詞、進(jìn)行時(shí)等等。還有對固定搭配的運(yùn)用，注意固定搭配中的介詞的正確運(yùn)用，是提分的重點(diǎn)。
英語四級短文翻譯技巧 3
1.改變詞類(Conversion)。英語一個詞能充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞州^少，充當(dāng)不同成分時(shí)常常要改變詞類。
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
This issue is of paramount importance.
Rationing by points is over and rationing by the purse is in.
Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”. (1990. 1)
2. 選詞用字(Diction)。
Before Hugo could protest, he and the others were led away. (抗議—分辯) Put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝)
It’s a crime you didn’t finish school. (憾事)
3.詞序調(diào)整(Inversion)。一個句子中詞和分句的`順序，英漢兩種語言往往不同。如表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，英語常常是先小后大，而漢語是先大后小。
His address is 3612 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19001, USA.
Don’t hesitate to come when you need help.
black and white TV, iron and steel company
4.省略(Omission)。
You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it.
It took him a long time to reach the bottom and to couch behind a little dwarf palm.
5.增詞(Amplification)。英語中沒有量詞，助詞，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文的需要予以增加。有些英語的不及物動詞必須增加賓語意思才完整。
I could knit when I was seven.
In general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. (1993. 6)
--Walking past the Garden of Eden, Adam’s son asked his father, “Who owns that large estate?”
--“That’s where your mother and I used to live,” replied Adam, “before she ate us out of house and home.”
6.重復(fù)(Repetition)。
Practically every river has an upper, a middle and a lower part. 上游，中游，下游
If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.
7.譯反譯法(Negation)
The Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people set on it. (辜負(fù))
Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage. (還有別人)
If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. (1993. 1)
8. 譯法(Division)。英語長句多，為了符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，可將英語長句拆成短句。
It was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us.
It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.
Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. (1993. 6)
Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example by cheating, has to appear before a student court.
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