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2004年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)A卷超詳細(xì)超精解分析
超 精 解 分 析
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: Huh, Dick. You are wearing a black jacket, but yellow trousers. It’s the strangest combination I’ve ever seen.
M: I know. I got up late and dressed in a hurry. I didn’t realize my mistake until I entered the office.
Q: What does the woman think of the way Dick dressed?
A) Dick’s trousers don’t match his jacket.
B) Dick looks funny in that yellow jacket.
C) The color of Dick’s jacket is too dark.
D) Dick has bad taste in clothes.
解析： 女士說(shuō)Dick的穿著是她所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最奇怪的搭配，也就是褲子和上衣不匹配(match)。注意strangest為最高級(jí)，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
單詞：combination搭配，組合；funny滑稽，好笑的
短語(yǔ)：in a hurry匆忙；have bad taste in sth. 在某方面品位不高
句型：It’s + the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 名詞 + I’ve ever seen. 這是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最…的…。如：It’s the most exciting film I’ve ever seen. 這是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最令人興奮的電影。這類(lèi)句型常為考點(diǎn)。
2. M: Excuse me, but has anyone turned in a brown leather wallet? I’ve lost my wallet. It contains my driver’s license and also some family pictures that are pretty important to me.
W: Oh, yes, we had a wallet brought in this morning. Wait here just a minute, please.
Q: What will the woman probably do?
A) Call the police station.
B) Get the wallet for the man.
C) Show the man her family pictures.
D) Ask to see the man’s driver’s license.
解析：女士回答有人上交過(guò)錢(qián)包，請(qǐng)等一會(huì)兒。從中可以推斷，女士最有可能是去拿錢(qián)包。注意對(duì)話是圍繞wallet, 題目和答案必定與之相關(guān)。
單詞：leather皮革；contain內(nèi)有，包含；picture照片
短語(yǔ)：turn in 上交；driver’s license駕駛執(zhí)照；bring in上交；have sth. done（別人）做了某事
句型：Excuse me, but… 常在引起別人注意或請(qǐng)求幫忙時(shí)使用
3. M: Excuse me, Madam? Is the air-conditioning on? This room is getting as hot as a furnace.
W: Sorry, sir, a new epidemic called SARS is threatening us right now. As a preventative measure, we are told to let in fresh air by opening the windows and not using air-conditioners.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) The temperature is not as high as the man claims.
B) The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.
C) She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.
D) She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over town.
解析：女士說(shuō)作為預(yù)防非典的措施，他們被要求開(kāi)窗通風(fēng)，不要開(kāi)空調(diào)。we are told to表示女士follow instructions。本對(duì)話的討論中心是開(kāi)不開(kāi)空調(diào)，其它答案離題。
單詞：air-conditioning / air-conditioner空調(diào)；epidemic流行病
短語(yǔ)：as hot as a furnace 象爐子一樣熱（比喻非常熱）；preventative measure預(yù)防措施; follow instructions 聽(tīng)從指令，指示；spread all over town 擴(kuò)展到全城
句型：Is sth. on? 某物開(kāi)著嗎？如：Is the lamp on? 燈開(kāi)著嗎？
4. M: You look quite different from what you used to.
W: Sure, I started exercising regularly two years ago and went from 253 pounds to a healthy 160 pounds. And that’s the only thing I did not give up halfway.
Q: What do we know about the woman?
A) She lost a lot of weight in two years.
B) She stopped exercising two years ago.
C) She had a unique way of staying healthy.
D) She was never persistent in anything she did.
解析：本題要求考生具有相當(dāng)?shù)母爬芰�。女士�(jī)赡昵伴_(kāi)始減肥，從253磅降到了160磅。lost a lot of weight是概括性替換，這比一般替換要難。
單詞：regularly有規(guī)律地
短語(yǔ)：used to曾經(jīng)；give up halfway半途而廢; lose weight體重下降；減肥；a unique way獨(dú)特方法；stay healthy保持健康
5. M: I wonder if you find my experience relevant to the job.
W: Yes, certainly, but if only you had sent in your application letter a week earlier.
Q: What does the woman imply?
A) The man is not suitable for the position.
B) The job has been given to someone else.
C) She had received only one application letter.
D) The application arrived a week earlier than expected.
解析：解題的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)but if only you had虛擬語(yǔ)氣的理解。女士說(shuō)：是的，當(dāng)然（你的經(jīng)歷和這個(gè)工作是相關(guān)的），但是你要是早一個(gè)星期遞交你的申請(qǐng)信就好了。言下之意是別人已經(jīng)first come, first served先來(lái)先得，得到這份工作了。另外，本對(duì)話是圍繞job展開(kāi)的。
單詞：position職位
短語(yǔ)：relevant to與…有關(guān)；send in遞交，遞送；application letter申請(qǐng)信；suitable for適合
句型：I wonder if… 我想知道是否… ；if only you had done sth.你要是做了某事就好了
6. W: Shouldn’t someone go pick up a clothes from the laundry? They were ready three hours ago.
M: Don’t look at me, Mom.
Q: What does the boy mean?
A) He’s unwilling to fetch the laundry.
B) He has already picked up the laundry.
C) He will go before the laundry closed.
D) He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.
解析：本對(duì)話的話題是取衣服。男孩回答Don’t look at me, 言外之意是不愿意去取衣服。答案應(yīng)該是否定的回答。pick up = fetch
單詞：laundry洗衣店, 要洗的衣服；ready完畢，好了；fetch取來(lái)
短語(yǔ)：pick up取
句型：Shouldn’t someone do sth? 某人難道不應(yīng)該做某事嗎？（實(shí)際上的意思是希望某人做某事）；Don’t look at me. 間接回答，表示否定，不愿意干某事。
7. M: Uh, hi, could you tell me where electronic products are displayed? I want to see some TVs, digital video cameras, DVD players. That sort of thing!
W: Well, several countries are displaying electronic products. China’s selection is very large this year. You might as well go to the east wing first to take a look at the Chinese booth.
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
A) At a shopping center.
B) At an electronics company.
C) At an international trade fair.
D) At a DVD counter in a music store.
解析：根據(jù)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞display, 還有booth，several countries可以判斷對(duì)話是發(fā)生在an international trade fair. 最容易誤選A，因?yàn)閷?duì)話中很多展覽的商品的名稱(chēng)在干擾考生，使你想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為是在購(gòu)物中心。本題著重考查從紛繁的細(xì)節(jié)中抓住對(duì)話中心的能力。
單詞：display陳列，展覽；player播放器；wing側(cè)廳，側(cè)樓；booth攤位，展位；counter 柜臺(tái)
短語(yǔ)：electronic products電子產(chǎn)品；digital video cameras數(shù)碼攝像機(jī)；take a look at看一看；shopping center購(gòu)物中心；trade fair貿(mào)易展覽，交易會(huì)
句型：You might as well do sth. 你不妨做某事（表示建議）
8. M: Well, what did you think of the movie?
W: I don’t know why I let you talk me into going. I just don’t like violence. Next time you’d better choose a comedy.
Q: What can we infer from the conversation?
A) The woman hated the man talking throughout the movie.
B) The woman saw a comedy instead of a horror movie.
C) The woman prefers light movies before sleep.
D) The woman regrets going to the movie.
解析：男士問(wèn)女士對(duì)電影的看法，所以回答也肯定是圍繞著電影。根據(jù)對(duì)話相關(guān)性，只有D表達(dá)了對(duì)這部電影的看法，其它選項(xiàng)都偏題了。另外，從女士用的句型I don’t know why / I just don’t like可以看出，女士不喜歡看這部電影，后悔被男士說(shuō)服去看了。
單詞：comedy喜劇
短語(yǔ)：talk sb. into doing sth.說(shuō)服某人干某事；horror movie恐怖電影；light movie輕松的電影；regret doing 后悔干某事；go to the movie去看電影
句型：What did you think of sth. ? 你對(duì)某物（事）的看法如何？
9. W: Who do you think should get the job? How about Mr. Beckett?
M: Mr. Beckett? I am not sure. He is a nice fellow, of course, and easy to get along with. But I doubt his professional expertise. I want someone who can get the job done.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about Mr. Beckett?
A) He is the right man to get the job done.
B) He is a man with professional expertise.
C) He is not easy to get along with.
D) He is not likely to get the job.
解析：和第5題相似，本題對(duì)話也是圍繞job展開(kāi)的。男士給了否定的回答（優(yōu)先選擇否定的答案），這可以從Mr. Beckett?（升調(diào)，表示懷疑）以及But后面的內(nèi)容判斷出。也就是說(shuō)Beckett不太可能得到這個(gè)工作，選D。
單詞：fellow家伙，伙伴
短語(yǔ)：get along with sb.與某人友好相處；professional expertise專(zhuān)業(yè)技能，專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)；get the job done做完這個(gè)工作；right man合適的人
句型：How about sb. ? 某人怎么樣（是不是適合干某事）？I doubt sth. 我懷疑某事。
10. M: Do you think home video players will replace movie theatres and force them out of the entertainment business?
W: They’re certainly faced with the grave challenge from the DVD industry. That’s why I think we have to revolutionize our concept of movie showing. As I see it, the movie theatre should not just be a place to watch a film but a place to meet people.
Q: What does the woman think of the movie theatre?
A) It is being forced out of the entertainment industry.
B) It should change its concept of operation.
C) It should revolutionize its technology.
D) It is a very good place to relax.
解析：女士只是說(shuō)應(yīng)該改革電影運(yùn)作的理念，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)改革技術(shù)，所以C錯(cuò)。B才是對(duì)話中I think we have to … 一句的同義表達(dá)。
單詞：revolutionize使革命，使徹底變革；operation運(yùn)作，運(yùn)營(yíng)
短語(yǔ)：movie theatre電影院；entertainment business娛樂(lè)行業(yè)；be faced with面對(duì)；grave challenge嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)
Section B
Passage 1
（11）Few people can stand for（代表，象征）the spirit of early America as much as Benjamin Franklin. He lived through almost the whole of the 18th century. He was born six years after the century began and died ten years before it ended. During this time, he saw the American colonies（殖民地）grow from tiny settlements（定居點(diǎn)） into a nation and he also contributed much to the new state. He was deeply interested in science and natural history. And his experiments with the electricity and lightning led directly to the invention of the lightning rod. He was also interested in improving the conditions of his fellowmen. He was involved in a number of projects in his native Philadelphia, including the setting up of a library, a university, a philosophical society and a fire prevention service. He worked hard to enable the American colonies to gain independence from (從…獲得獨(dú)立) Britain.（12）As an ambassador（大使）to France, he encouraged the French to help George Washington. After the war, he attended the American Constitutional Congress. This was his last contribution, for he died later that year.（13）He’s still fondly（親愛(ài)地, 深情地）remembered by Americans as one of the creators（創(chuàng)立者）of the United States.
11. What did the speaker say about Benjamin Franklin?
12. How did Franklin help George Washington?
13. According to the passage, what is Franklin still well remembered as?
Passage 2
Yuppies are young people who earn a lot of money and live in a style that is too expensive for most people. （14）If you are invited to a Yuppie（雅皮士）dinner party, don’t be surprised if you are offered freshly cooked insects as a first course. While the idea of eating fried insects fills most of us with horror, insect eating is becoming highly fashionable. For example, in the media industry, successful executives（經(jīng)理） are often seen to eat fried or boiled insects from time to time while working at their desks.（15）These safe-to-eat insects can be found and ordered（訂購(gòu)）on the Internet. And young people are logging on to（登陸到）exotic（奇異的，外來(lái)的）food websites and ordering samples of prepared insects to serve at their dinner parties. Although the idea of eating insects is probably disgusting（惡心的）to most of us, few people would claim that pigs, chickens and some kinds of sea food we often eat are examples of great beauty. One day, insects could be marketed and sold as a food item in supermarkets.（16）According to their fans, they are not only high in protein（蛋白質(zhì)）and low in fat, but also very tasty.（17）But until our attitudes to food change fundamentally（根本地）, it seems that insect eaters will remain a select（精選的）few.
14. Why did the speaker say we might be surprised at the Yuppie dinner party?
15. Where can people order the unusual food mentioned by the speaker?
16. Why are some Yuppies attracted by the unusual food?
17. What does the speaker say about the future of this type of unusual food?
Passage 3
Many people dislike walking to the bank, standing in long lines and running out of checks.（18）They are dissatisfied with their bank’s limited hours(辦公時(shí)間), too. They want to do some banking at night and on weekends. For such people, their problems may soon be over. Before long, they may be able to do their banking from the comfort of their own home any hour of the day, any day of the week. Many banks are preparing online branches（分行）or Internet offices, which means that people will be able to take care of（處理）much of their banking business through their home computers. This process is called interactive banking. At these online branches, customers will be able to view all their accounts（帳戶(hù)）, move money between their accounts, apply for a loan（貸款）and get current information on products such as credit cards(信用卡). Customers will also be able to pay their bills（付帳單）electronically and even email questions to the bank. Banks are creating online services for several reasons.（20）One reason is that banks must compete for（為…而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）customers, who will switch to another bank if they are dissatisfied with the service they receive. （19）The convenience of online banking appeals to（吸引）the kind of customer banks most want to keep, that is, people who are young, well-educated and have good incomes. Banks also want to take advantage of modern technology since they have moved into the 21st century.
18. What is one of the reasons for people’s dissatisfaction with traditional banks?
19. What kind of customer does online banking most appeal to?
20. Why do banks create online services according to the passage?
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage One
(21) It was the worst tragedy in maritime (航海) history, six times more deadly than the Titanic.（第一句是一判斷句，此類(lèi)句子通常為作者的觀點(diǎn)句。It實(shí)際上是指the sinking of Wilhelm Gustloff, six times more deadly than the Titanic是作者作此判斷的直接原因或理由，考生不妨在這里將比較級(jí)劃出，因比較處常為考點(diǎn)。這一句只是概括性的，后文還應(yīng)該對(duì)此進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述，點(diǎn)明it。）When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes (魚(yú)雷) fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of Word War II, more than 10,000 people — mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany —were packed aboard.（該句大意為：這艘被魚(yú)雷擊中的船當(dāng)時(shí)船上有超過(guò)一萬(wàn)人。句子主干是more than 10,000 people were packed aboard；when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中的fired from…為過(guò)去分詞后置定語(yǔ)，修飾torpedoes；破折號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容對(duì)10,000 people作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明, fleeing … Nazi Germany為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，修飾women, children and old people。）(22) An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down.（一場(chǎng)冰暴使那艘船的甲板結(jié)了一層冰，當(dāng)船身傾斜、開(kāi)始下沉?xí)r，擠在甲板上的數(shù)百個(gè)家庭滑入大海。that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾frozen sheets；as直接點(diǎn)出船下沉的時(shí)間。）Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down.（注意這里others是指那些沒(méi)有滑入大海的人）Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately.（句子主干是Some fought off those。文章至此都是敘述細(xì)節(jié)，說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)海難的情況。）“I’ll never forget the screams,” says Christa Nutzmann ,87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave — and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.（最后通過(guò)一個(gè)幸存者的回憶，指明這個(gè)事件超過(guò)半個(gè)世紀(jì)不被人所提及。注意：這里點(diǎn)出了文章的主題，前面都是鋪墊。預(yù)測(cè)后文可能會(huì)探討其原因，或分析人們對(duì)這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難的態(tài)度。從寫(xiě)作手法上看，brightly lit和dark grave形成強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比，凸現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)海難的悲劇性。）
21.Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst tragedy in maritime history?
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)為什么作者說(shuō)Wilhelm Gustloff的沉沒(méi)是航海史上最嚴(yán)重的悲劇？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the worst tragedy，可直接定位到原文第一句。這里作者把Gustloff和Titanic在死亡人數(shù)上作了比較，deadly一詞表明Gustloff的死亡人數(shù)是Titanic的六倍，作者是從死亡人數(shù)多這個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)明Gustloff的沉沒(méi)是航海史上最嚴(yán)重的悲劇的。所以應(yīng)該選D) It caused the largest number of casualties.它造成了最大的人員傷亡。six times more = the largest number, deadly = casualties。注意原文中的比較級(jí)在答案中要么還是比較級(jí)，要么轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級(jí)。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析]A) It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.它被俄國(guó)魚(yú)雷攻擊，B) Most of its passengers were frozen to death.大部分乘客都被凍死，A和B也是文章中提到的細(xì)節(jié)，但與本題無(wú)關(guān), 偏離考點(diǎn)。C) Its victims were mostly women and children.遇難者大部分是婦女和兒童，盡管文章提到遇難者大部分是婦女、兒童和老年人，但僅憑遇難者主要是婦女和兒童并不能得出這是最嚴(yán)重的海難和悲劇。因?yàn)槠渌ｋy的主要遇難者也可能大部分是婦女、兒童，其比例還可能更高；另外，原文中說(shuō)的是“大部分是婦女、兒童和老年人”，選項(xiàng)C中未提到老年人，也不全面。有同學(xué)說(shuō)，從網(wǎng)上查到資料歷史上最慘的海難事件是GOYA而不是Wilhelm Gustloff。在此提請(qǐng)注意：命題者不是在考查考生的背景知識(shí)，而是考查考生對(duì)文章本身的理解。答題時(shí)一定要從原文出發(fā)，一定要基于文中作者的觀點(diǎn)及列舉的事實(shí)。
22. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when .
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)數(shù)百個(gè)家庭是什么時(shí)候掉入海里的？題干與sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea對(duì)應(yīng)。句中的as對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的when。由此我們得知，數(shù)百個(gè)家庭滑入大海的直接原因是船傾斜了，所以本題應(yīng)選C) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side 這艘損害巨大的船向一側(cè)傾斜。至于the badly damaged ship的出處，文中第二行說(shuō)的很清楚：hit by torpedoes(被魚(yú)雷擊中)。leaned toward one side = tilted。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) a strong ice storm tilted the ship 一場(chǎng)強(qiáng)烈冰暴使那艘船傾斜，強(qiáng)烈干擾項(xiàng)，文章并未提到是冰暴使船傾斜(只提到使甲板上結(jié)了一層冰)；B) the cruise ship sank all of a sudden 這艘巡洋艦突然間沉沒(méi)，錯(cuò)在all of a sudden，也是曲解原文，若去掉all of a sudden就可以；D) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats受驚的乘客絕望地爭(zhēng)奪救生艇，注意搶奪救生艇是在數(shù)百個(gè)家庭掉入海里之后發(fā)生的，對(duì)于本題而言，選項(xiàng)D顯然是答非所問(wèn)。解題的關(guān)鍵是把握并正確理解文章紛繁的細(xì)節(jié)。
(24) Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children — with his latest novel Ctab Walk, published last month.（注意本句revived the memory of the 9,000 dead很好地承接了上文，Gunter Grass利用自己的小說(shuō)又喚醒了人們的記憶。）The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn’t dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” （介紹了本書(shū)并不詳細(xì)闡述沉船本身，書(shū)里的女主人公是一名在海難里生還的孕婦，她只能在生還后感嘆：在西德沒(méi)有人要聽(tīng)這個(gè)，更不用說(shuō)在東德。） (23) The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: “Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn’t have the energy left to tell to our own sufferings.” (The reason指的是德國(guó)人為什么不愿意提及Gustloff悲劇的原因。As Grass put it in a recent interview… 這里it是指the reason …因?yàn)槲覀兊聡?guó)人需要為之負(fù)責(zé)的罪行在過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在都是如此的顯著，沒(méi)有多余的精力來(lái)談?wù)撐覀冏约旱耐纯�。這里是因果關(guān)系考點(diǎn)，并和文章主題相關(guān)，考生應(yīng)做標(biāo)記。)
23.The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century because Germans
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)Wilhelm Gustloff悲劇為什么在超過(guò)半個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間里很少被人提及？定位到第二段的原因考點(diǎn)。德國(guó)人所犯的罪行太dominant了，他們被負(fù)罪感壓得抬不起頭來(lái)，所以應(yīng)該選B) felt guilty for their crimes in World War II 對(duì)在二戰(zhàn)中所犯的罪行感到有負(fù)罪感。文章沒(méi)有提到誰(shuí)給德國(guó)人壓力。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) were eager to win international acceptance 急于獲得國(guó)際承認(rèn)，D) were afraid of offending their neighbors 害怕冒犯鄰國(guó)，盡管A、D相關(guān)內(nèi)容在第三段第二句中被提到過(guò)，但并不是很少被人提及的原因。獲得國(guó)際承認(rèn)、與鄰國(guó)和平相處是德國(guó)毫無(wú)保留地坦承自己在二戰(zhàn)犯下罪行而得到的結(jié)果，因而這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)顛倒了因果關(guān)系；C) had been pressured to keep silent about it受到壓力被迫保持沉默，文章沒(méi)有提到誰(shuí)給德國(guó)壓力，為無(wú)中生有。
24.How does Günter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy?
[定位與替換] 本題是問(wèn)Günter Grass如何喚醒了人們對(duì)Wilhelm Gustloff悲劇的記憶？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第二段。Grass是通過(guò)他的小說(shuō)來(lái)喚醒人們塵封的記憶的，女主人公是一位這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難中幸存下來(lái)的懷孕的年輕婦女。顯然，小說(shuō)是圍繞著這位婦女的經(jīng)歷展開(kāi)的，所以應(yīng)選D) By depicting the survival of a young pregnant Woman通過(guò)描述一個(gè)年輕的懷孕的婦女的幸存。 第23、24題雖然是細(xì)節(jié)題，但都直接和本文主題相關(guān)，所以準(zhǔn)確判斷文章主題非常重要。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack 通過(guò)表現(xiàn)魚(yú)雷攻擊的可怕場(chǎng)面，文中無(wú)細(xì)節(jié)支持；B) By describing the ship’s sinking in great detail 通過(guò)非常詳細(xì)地描寫(xiě)這艘船的沉沒(méi)，文中提到小說(shuō)并沒(méi)有詳細(xì)描寫(xiě)沉船；C) By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche通過(guò)接受Die Woche周刊的采訪，盡管文章中有這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，卻偏離了考點(diǎn)。
The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable — and necessary. （注意文中破折號(hào)的使用，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)�。〣y unreservedly owning up to their country’s monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize(使…不得勢(shì))the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today’s unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay.（For that中的that指的是德國(guó)今天的繁榮和穩(wěn)定。本句的內(nèi)涵是，德國(guó)今天的繁榮在一定程度上就是因?yàn)榈聡?guó)人對(duì)當(dāng)年自己如此慘重的沉船事故保持沉默。）But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they’ve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.（對(duì)Wilhelm Gustloff的沉沒(méi)的長(zhǎng)期沉默也許是不可避免的，而且是必須的。正是因?yàn)楹翢o(wú)保留地坦承自己在二戰(zhàn)犯下的殘暴罪行，德國(guó)才成功地贏得了外界的接受、抑制了國(guó)內(nèi)新納粹的抬頭并且與鄰國(guó)和平共處。當(dāng)今統(tǒng)一的德國(guó)之富裕和穩(wěn)定，超過(guò)她漫長(zhǎng)和不平靜的歷史上的任何一個(gè)時(shí)期。為了這一點(diǎn)，德國(guó)半個(gè)世紀(jì)的有意識(shí)地忘卻那慘痛的記憶也許是一個(gè)值得付出的代價(jià)。但是，即使是政治上最開(kāi)明的德國(guó)人現(xiàn)在也認(rèn)為，他們已經(jīng)有這個(gè)權(quán)利來(lái)討論這個(gè)歷史事件。（目的）不是為了把德國(guó)人的痛苦與那些二戰(zhàn)受害者的痛苦相提并論，而僅僅是去承認(rèn)一個(gè)可怕災(zāi)難的客觀存在。本段中，作者探討了德國(guó)人過(guò)去保持沉默的原因，以及德國(guó)人認(rèn)為他們現(xiàn)在有權(quán)利討論這件事情了。注意最后一句not to … but simply to 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，為語(yǔ)意重點(diǎn)。）
25.It can learned from the passage that Germans no longer think that .
[定位與替換]本題要求根據(jù)文章來(lái)推斷，德國(guó)人不再認(rèn)為什么？因最后一段主要探討了德國(guó)人的觀點(diǎn)，故本題定位到最后一段。綜合整段意思可以得出，現(xiàn)在德國(guó)人不再認(rèn)為他們討論這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難會(huì)被人們誤解，他們相信外界將不會(huì)認(rèn)為自己是在為昔日的罪行作辯護(hù)，而只是在對(duì)一段歷史往事進(jìn)行探討。所以應(yīng)該選 A) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy 如果他們討論Wilhelm Gustloff悲劇會(huì)被誤解。解題需要整合最后一段的內(nèi)容，從中提煉出德國(guó)人現(xiàn)在的觀點(diǎn)。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析]B) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nation’s past misdeeds， Wilhelm Gustloff災(zāi)難是一個(gè)為這個(gè)國(guó)家過(guò)去的罪行值得付出的代價(jià)。根據(jù)最后一段，德國(guó)人認(rèn)為半個(gè)世紀(jì)對(duì)這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難的忘卻是一個(gè)值得付出的代價(jià)，并不是認(rèn)為這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難本身是一個(gè)值得付出的代價(jià)。注意：命題者在這里設(shè)置了一個(gè)“偷換概念”的陷阱；C) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War II 德國(guó)對(duì)它在二戰(zhàn)期間所犯的恐怖罪行負(fù)有責(zé)任, 與最后一段內(nèi)容不符；D) it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries 把他們的苦難與其它國(guó)家的苦難等同是錯(cuò)誤的，與末句不符。
【重點(diǎn)單詞】
tragedy n. 悲劇，慘案，災(zāi)難
pack v. ①捆扎，(把…)打包②(使)擠在一起，塞滿 n. 包，小盒，包裹
tilt v. ①(使)傾斜，(使)傾側(cè)，(使)翹起②(用語(yǔ)言或文字)攻擊，抨擊 n. 傾斜，傾側(cè)
desperately adv. 拼命地，絕望地
aboard prep./adv. 在(船、飛機(jī)、車(chē))上，上(船、飛機(jī)、車(chē))
slip vi. ①滑動(dòng)，滑倒，滑落②溜走③下降，跌落 vt. ①使滑動(dòng)②擺脫，閃開(kāi)③放過(guò)，放走④塞，放
n. ①滑，滑倒②過(guò)失，差錯(cuò)③片條，紙片
revive v. (使)復(fù)蘇，(使)恢復(fù)
dwell vi. ①[書(shū)面語(yǔ)]居�、诔龄嫌冢鲜窍胫�，詳細(xì)談?wù)?on)
[真題]Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.
A) hesitate B) linger C) retain D) dwell [CET-6:2001,6]
[譯文]請(qǐng)不要太過(guò)于沉湎在痛苦的回憶中，一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。
catastrophe n. 大災(zāi)難，大禍
dominant a. 統(tǒng)治的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，突出的，顯著的
unreservedly adv. 毫無(wú)保留地，不客氣地
monstrous a. 巨大的，怪異的
prosperous a. 繁榮的
willful a. 任性的，固執(zhí)的，故意的
【必背搭配】
動(dòng)詞與名詞搭配：
revive the memory 使記憶復(fù)蘇
fire torpedoes 發(fā)射魚(yú)雷
make peace (with) 與…講和，休戰(zhàn)，言歸于好
動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配：
slide into 滑入
dwell on 沉湎于
fight off 擊敗，排斥，竭力擺脫
形容詞與名詞搭配：
monstrous crimes 滔天罪行
dominant crimes 突出的、顯著的罪行
troubled history 苦難歷史
historical record 歷史記錄
unified Germany 統(tǒng)一的德國(guó)
名詞與介詞搭配：
interview with (sb.) 與(某人)的會(huì)見(jiàn)
副詞與動(dòng)詞搭配：
desperately try (to do sth.) 拼命地試圖(做某事)
Passage Two
Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experiences.（考慮到天才學(xué)生與學(xué)校之間不和諧的關(guān)系，這些學(xué)生對(duì)他們的學(xué)校經(jīng)歷沒(méi)有什么好話說(shuō)就不奇怪了。第一句揭示主題，探討了天才學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)與學(xué)校教育的關(guān)系。這里the lack of fit講得比較抽象，下文會(huì)詳細(xì)闡述。it is not surprising that…為作者觀點(diǎn)句，是作者的argument。語(yǔ)篇關(guān)鍵詞：gifted students / school）In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthunr Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their precollegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal(名人軼事的) reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. (27) About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.（作者接著舉出研究人員的調(diào)查來(lái)證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。先提出觀點(diǎn)，再用例子證明，這是常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作手法。）
27.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmith’s teachers _________.
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)作者引用Goldsmith的老師的評(píng)論的目的是什么？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Oliver Goldsmith’s teachers定位到第一段，作者引用了一些名人軼事證明很多有成就的人都對(duì)他們的學(xué)校經(jīng)歷評(píng)價(jià)不高，也就是證明作者自己的觀點(diǎn)，故選A) to provide support for his argument對(duì)其觀點(diǎn)提供支持。解題的關(guān)鍵在于認(rèn)清例證在段落中的作用是為了證明作者的觀點(diǎn)，平時(shí)要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)篇分析。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] B) to illustrate the strong will of some gifted children闡明一些天才兒童的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志，第一段無(wú)內(nèi)容支持strong will，第二段中有strong-willed一詞，屬于詞匯干擾；C) to explain how dull students can also be successful解釋愚笨的學(xué)生如何也能獲得成功, Goldsmith的老師說(shuō)過(guò)從來(lái)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)這么dull的孩子，但這并非作者的觀點(diǎn)；D) to show how poor Oliver’s performance was at school 顯示Oliver在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)有多么糟糕，此選項(xiàng)和C的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型相同。
(28) Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. （作者在第一句就提出了論點(diǎn)，these gifted people指第一段舉的許多名人，承接上文。） Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. (30)But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest.（注意：not because … but because 結(jié)構(gòu)中，作者語(yǔ)意重點(diǎn)在but because之后。）Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach.” As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconformity and stubbornness (and Yeats’s level of arrogance and self-absorption) are likely to lead to conflicts with teachers.（本段主要闡述天才學(xué)生和學(xué)校格格不入的原因，并舉例說(shuō)明。）
26.The main point the author is making about schools is that________.
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)作者關(guān)于學(xué)校所持的主要觀點(diǎn)是什么？一般此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的答案都會(huì)含有本文的關(guān)鍵詞，即主要討論對(duì)象。根據(jù)前面的語(yǔ)篇分析，考慮選擇B和D，因?yàn)槠渲卸加嘘P(guān)鍵詞talented / gifted students。 B項(xiàng)的talented students是文中g(shù)ifted students的替換詞，應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇。作者在文中表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，天才學(xué)生經(jīng)常覺(jué)得他們比老師知道的多，學(xué)校里的功課沒(méi)有挑戰(zhàn)性，他們都不循規(guī)蹈矩，很容易和老師發(fā)生沖突。換而言之，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校經(jīng)常不能滿足天才學(xué)生的需要。所以，最終選B) they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented students學(xué)校經(jīng)常不能滿足天才學(xué)生的需要。本題要求考生跨段落整合內(nèi)容，把握文章的中心思想。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgrounds它們應(yīng)該滿足來(lái)自不同家庭背景的學(xué)生的需求，文章只是在第三段提到很多天才學(xué)生從家庭教育中獲益很多, 本選項(xiàng)曲解了文章信息；C) they should organize their classes according to the students’ ability它們應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的能力來(lái)組織教學(xué)，和D) they should enroll as many gifted students as possible它們應(yīng)該盡可能多地招收天才學(xué)生，文中均無(wú)信息支持。
28.Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who_________.
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)畢加索屬于哪一類(lèi)天才兒童？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Picasso，可以定位到原文第一段中的Picasso … disliked school.和第二段第二句Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. 也許我們可以這樣來(lái)解釋畢加索。in this way指代第一句中because后的內(nèi)容，指出畢加索屬于第一句中所說(shuō)在學(xué)校里表現(xiàn)不好、天賦不是學(xué)術(shù)方面的那一類(lèi)天才。正確選項(xiàng)要從scholastic (of or relating to schools; academic) 這個(gè)詞著手，必須有學(xué)校、學(xué)術(shù)一類(lèi)的詞匯，與之相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)只有C) could not cope with there studies at school successfully 不能成功地應(yīng)付學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)。解題的關(guān)鍵在于正確識(shí)別指代，平時(shí)應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)對(duì)相關(guān)詞匯的敏感性。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) paid no attention to their teachers in class在課堂上不注意他們的老師，文中無(wú)信息支持；B) contradicted their teachers much too often太經(jīng)常地反駁他們的老師，文中也無(wú)信息支持；D) behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers在老師面前表現(xiàn)自大和頑固，是用文中詞匯stubbornness和 arrogant來(lái)進(jìn)行干擾。
30.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is that ________.
[替換與定位]本題是問(wèn)許多天才學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)校沒(méi)有什么好的記憶的根本原因是什么？結(jié)合語(yǔ)篇分析和前面幾道題，可以知道矛盾的焦點(diǎn)不在于老師，而在于學(xué)校。學(xué)校不能滿足天才學(xué)生的需求，不能給他們以靈感，不能激勵(lì)他們，所以選C) school courses failed to inspire or motivate them學(xué)校未能給他們靈感或者激勵(lì)他們。 另外，第二段也提到but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. 學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好的原因是他們覺(jué)得學(xué)校沒(méi)有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此失去了興趣（也就是說(shuō)對(duì)學(xué)校沒(méi)有什么好印象），unchallenging = fail to inspire or motivate。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) their nonconformity brought them a lot of trouble他們不墨守成規(guī)給他們帶來(lái)不少麻煩；B) they were seldom praised by their teachers他們很少被老師贊揚(yáng)；D) teachers were usually far stricter than their parents老師通常比他們的父母嚴(yán)格得多；三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)都偏離了文章主題，并且都太具體了。解答這類(lèi)與文章主題相關(guān)的題目時(shí)，要注意尋找具有概括性的、包含主題的選項(xiàng)。
(29)When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. （far more likely既是強(qiáng)調(diào)，又是比較級(jí)，為重要考點(diǎn)。這一句為本段主題句，闡述天才學(xué)生自己認(rèn)為的成功的原因，其后舉例說(shuō)明，是潛在的因果關(guān)系考點(diǎn)。）A writing prodigy(神童) studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ children in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.
29.Many gifted people attributed their success _________.
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)許多天才把他們的成功歸因于什么？實(shí)際上考查了第三段的主題句。該句的意思是：在談到什么因素對(duì)他們能力的發(fā)展比較重要的時(shí)候，他們最多提及的是他們的家庭，而不是學(xué)校和老師。因此，正確選項(xiàng)必須包含家庭這個(gè)重要概念。經(jīng)觀察比較，只有A) mainly to parental help and their education at home （主要來(lái)自家庭的父母的幫助和教育）中的at home是family這個(gè)概念的同義表達(dá)，而且選項(xiàng)中mainly也符合原文中far more likely的語(yǔ)氣。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] B) both to school instruction and to their parents’ coaching 既歸因于學(xué)校教學(xué)又歸因于父母的教導(dǎo)，與第一句信息不符；C) more to their parents’ encouragement than to school training 更多地歸因于父母的鼓勵(lì)，而不是學(xué)校的訓(xùn)練，文中無(wú)內(nèi)容支持encouragement；D) less to their systematic education than to their talent 比較少地歸因于系統(tǒng)的教育，更多地歸因于他們的天賦，文中無(wú)信息支持。
【重點(diǎn)單詞】
fit n. ①適合，適當(dāng)，合身②發(fā)作，痙攣 a. ①合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)蘑诮】档�，健壯�?BR>vt. ①使適合，使適應(yīng)，合…的身②安裝，安放 vi. ①適合，合身②符合，適應(yīng)(in with)
gifted a. 有天才的
distinction n. ①區(qū)別，差別，特性②聲望，顯赫③榮譽(yù)，勛章
[真題]We should make a clear _______ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A) separation B) discrimination C) deviation D) distinction [CET-6:1999,6]
[譯文]為便于討論，我們應(yīng)明確區(qū)分這兩個(gè)科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。
arrogant a. 傲慢的，自大的
scholastic a. ①學(xué)校的，學(xué)校教育的②道學(xué)的，學(xué)究的 n. 經(jīng)院學(xué)者
fare n. ①(車(chē)、船、飛機(jī)等)費(fèi)用②乘客，旅客③飲食物 vi. ①飲食②過(guò)日子，生活③[主語(yǔ)it]進(jìn)展
[真題]Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the ______ charged on public transport were more reasonable.
A) fees B) fares C) payments D) costs [CET-4:2003,1]
[譯文]只要公共交通收費(fèi)更合理，城市擁擠問(wèn)題便可大大緩解。
stubborn a. ①頑固的，頑強(qiáng)的，倔強(qiáng)的②難對(duì)付的，難克服的
domain n. ①(活動(dòng)、學(xué)問(wèn)等的)領(lǐng)域，范圍②領(lǐng)地，勢(shì)力范圍
skip v. ①跳，蹦②跳過(guò)，略過(guò)，漏過(guò)③跳繩④跳槽，改行 n. 跳躍，輕跳
【必背搭配】
形容詞與名詞搭配：
positive feelings 認(rèn)同感
動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配：
account for 解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明
attend to 專(zhuān)心于，注意，照顧，辦理
動(dòng)詞與名詞搭配：
achieve distinction 擁有聲望，聲名顯赫
skip grades 跳級(jí)
Passage Three
① When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. (31) But the private sector outdoes the government every time. It’s Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Maryland’s laws against secret telephone taping. It’s our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.（we usually think about引出大眾觀點(diǎn)，But語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)折，引出作者觀點(diǎn)，顯然與大眾觀點(diǎn)不一樣，這是一個(gè)重要的對(duì)比考點(diǎn)。the Federal agents與the government為相關(guān)詞匯。兩個(gè)It’s引導(dǎo)的句子舉例說(shuō)明作者觀點(diǎn)。banks是對(duì)private sector的具體闡述。）
31.Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people’s privacy .
[替換與定位]本題問(wèn)與一般人想法不同作者觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞spying on people’s privacy定位到原文第一段第一句，popular belief = we usually think。第一、二句的大意為：當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心誰(shuí)會(huì)刺探人們的隱私時(shí)，通常會(huì)認(rèn)為是聯(lián)邦密探。但每一次都是私營(yíng)部門(mén)勝過(guò)了政府。接著，作者舉例說(shuō)某個(gè)公司正在面對(duì)電話竊聽(tīng)的控告，銀行把顧客的私人的金融信息透露給電話營(yíng)銷(xiāo)公司。我們可以推斷，刺探私人隱私的不是政府，而是主要集中在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，所以選D) is more prevalent in business circles在商業(yè)界更加流行。Business circle 是對(duì)原文中banks / telemarketing firms等的概括性替換。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) is mainly carried out by means of secret taping主要通過(guò)秘密竊聽(tīng)的手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，mainly太絕對(duì)，對(duì)原文或者選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的修飾性副詞或形容詞要高度關(guān)注，必須看原文中是否體現(xiàn)；B) has been intensified with the help of the IRS在IRS的幫助下得到了加強(qiáng)，以及C) is practiced exclusively by the FBI只由FBI實(shí)行，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與作者觀點(diǎn)相反，F(xiàn)BI / IRS屬于政府部門(mén)。
② Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. (32) The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.（our = consumers’ , 注意，凡是文章出現(xiàn)和人、組織等相關(guān)的概念，都應(yīng)作標(biāo)記。）
32.We know from the passage that .
[替換與定位]本題問(wèn)我們從文中可以知道什么？必須對(duì)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，否則難以進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位。選項(xiàng)A和D都與立法議員有關(guān)，但D中l(wèi)aw-maker是第二段第二句出現(xiàn)的legislators的替換詞，它更有可能是答案（和26題類(lèi)似）。第二段的大意為：消費(fèi)者的積極分子正在推動(dòng)國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)更好的隱私保護(hù)法，但到目前為止沒(méi)什么結(jié)果。立法議員們傾向于讓商人幾乎是隨意地追蹤我們（消費(fèi)者）的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣。因此，最后選定與此意思相一致的D) law-makers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customer’s buying habits立法議員們傾向讓企業(yè)自由調(diào)查消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買(mǎi)習(xí)慣。其中are inclined to = lean toward，inquire into customer’s buying habits = track our financial habits, give a free hand = virtually at will。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protection立法議員正在采取行動(dòng)通過(guò)一項(xiàng)提供更好的隱私保護(hù)的法律，與文中內(nèi)容相反；B) most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses大部分州對(duì)私營(yíng)企業(yè)欺騙性的做法熟視無(wú)睹，過(guò)于夸張、絕對(duì)；C) the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to private information明尼蘇達(dá)州正在考慮制定法律保護(hù)私人信息，文中沒(méi)有提到。
③ As an example of what’s going on,（舉例標(biāo)志句型）consider U.S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits.
④ With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “free trial offer” had 30 days to cancel. (33) If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. ( the deadline是指free trial的最后期限。they = customers ) U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.
33. When the “free trial” deadline is over, you’ll be charged without notice for a product or service if .
[替換與定位]本題是問(wèn)：免費(fèi)試用期結(jié)束之后，發(fā)生什么樣的情況你將會(huì)在沒(méi)有通知時(shí)因某項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)被收費(fèi)？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞free trial定位到第四段第二、三句，大意為：接受免費(fèi)試用服務(wù)的顧客有30天的時(shí)間可以取消它。如果最后期限過(guò)了，就會(huì)通過(guò)銀行或信用卡帳戶(hù)自動(dòng)對(duì)顧客收費(fèi)。也就是說(shuō)，顧客如果在指定期限內(nèi)不取消服務(wù)，就會(huì)被自動(dòng)扣費(fèi)。顯然應(yīng)該選 A) you fail to cancel it within the specified period你沒(méi)有在指定期限內(nèi)取消服務(wù)。題干中without notice = automatically; the specified period = 30 days。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] B) you happen to reveal your credit card number你偶然暴露了你的信用卡號(hào)碼；C) you find the product or service unsatisfactory你覺(jué)得產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)不能令人滿意；D) you fail to apply for extension of the deadline你沒(méi)有能夠申請(qǐng)延長(zhǎng)最后期限；這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是拼湊了原文中的詞匯來(lái)進(jìn)行干擾，與文中信息不符。
⑤ Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims.（訴訟內(nèi)容）They didn’t know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no.
⑥ The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling.（訴訟內(nèi)容）The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes.（兩家公司都不承認(rèn)做錯(cuò)了什么。由于沒(méi)有法律保護(hù)消費(fèi)者，他們才會(huì)肆無(wú)忌憚。）But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. ( it = U.S. Bancorp ) A few top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.
⑦ And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.（第三到第七段為舉例詳細(xì)說(shuō)明顧客是如何被侵犯隱私的，如此多的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容一般會(huì)涉及多個(gè)考題。）
⑧ (34) You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. ( protection 是指法律上的保護(hù)，you指消費(fèi)者) For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience” information-mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. They’ve generally agreed not to sell to the public. (They = private firms) But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. ( the numbers = Social Security numbers社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)號(hào)碼) Self-regulation doesn’t work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?
34. Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because .
[替換與定位]本題是問(wèn)企業(yè)不把個(gè)人銀行帳戶(hù)的信息看作是私人信息的原因是什么？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Businesses / personal bank accounts定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段，其大意為：企業(yè)利用你的個(gè)人帳戶(hù)獲利，你卻幾乎無(wú)法得到保護(hù)。比如說(shuō)，沒(méi)有哪一部聯(lián)邦法律保護(hù) (shields)“交易往來(lái)”信息——主要是你的銀行和信用卡帳戶(hù)的細(xì)節(jié)。私人公司還出售社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)號(hào)碼，它們一般會(huì)同意不向公眾出售。但對(duì)于企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，這些號(hào)碼是公開(kāi)的信息。（也就是說(shuō)可以向企業(yè)銷(xiāo)售）行業(yè)自律是不起作用的，一家公司也許會(huì)發(fā)布隱私保護(hù)政策，但是誰(shuí)去實(shí)施它呢？另外，再根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. 綜合判斷，應(yīng)該選B) it is considered “transaction and experience ” information unprotected by law這些信息被（企業(yè)）認(rèn)為是不被法律保護(hù)的“交易往來(lái)”信息。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) its revelation do no harm to consumers under the current protection policy，信息泄露在現(xiàn)今保護(hù)政策下對(duì)消費(fèi)者無(wú)害，與原文相反，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者已經(jīng)受到傷害；C) it has always been considered an open secret by the general public這些信息始終被一般公眾認(rèn)為是公開(kāi)的秘密，文中無(wú)信息支持，從常識(shí)上來(lái)說(shuō)，公眾也不可能認(rèn)為自己的個(gè)人帳戶(hù)信息是公開(kāi)的秘密；D) its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation這些信息的出售通過(guò)自律能夠得到控制，與原文信息Self-regulation doesn’t work不符。
⑨ Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential.” Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that doesn’t “sell” your data at all. It merely “shares”it and reaps a profit. Now you know.（結(jié)尾段再次舉U.S. Bancorp的例子，提醒消費(fèi)者。）
35. We can infer from the passage that .
[替換與定位]本題要求對(duì)文章進(jìn)行推斷，考查對(duì)全文進(jìn)行綜合概括的能力。文章談到現(xiàn)行法律對(duì)消費(fèi)者沒(méi)什么保護(hù)，當(dāng)然消費(fèi)者的利益會(huì)被繼續(xù)侵犯，所以選 C) consumers’ privacy will continue to be invaded消費(fèi)者的隱私將繼續(xù)被侵犯。本題與34題相關(guān)。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) banks will have to change their ways of doing business銀行將不得不改變做生意的方式，原文指出現(xiàn)行法律并不保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的某些交易信息，立法議員也對(duì)企業(yè)放任自流，所以銀行并不會(huì)如A所言；B) privacy protection laws will soon be enforced隱私保護(hù)法將很快被執(zhí)行，與文章最后一句矛盾；D) “free trial” practice will eventually be banned“免費(fèi)試用”最終將會(huì)被禁止，文中無(wú)信息支持。
【重點(diǎn)單詞】
agent n. ①代理人，代理商，經(jīng)紀(jì)人②政府特工人員，政府代表③動(dòng)因，能因④劑
outdo vt. 勝過(guò)，超越
charge n. ①價(jià)錢(qián)，費(fèi)用②主管，掌管③指控④電荷，充電
vt. ①索(價(jià))，收(費(fèi))②控告，指控③使充電，使裝滿 vi. ①索價(jià)，收費(fèi)②進(jìn)攻，沖鋒
[真題]This hotel ______ $60 for a single room with bath.
A) claims B) demands C) prices D) charges [CET-4:1995,6]
[譯文]帶衛(wèi)生間的單人房，這家旅館收費(fèi)60美元。
legislator n. 立法者
track n. ①路徑，小道②跑道，徑賽③軌道④軌跡，車(chē)轍，蹤跡 vt. 追蹤，跟蹤
deceptive a. 欺騙性的
lawsuit n. 訴訟
credit n. ①信任，信用②信貸，賒欠③信譽(yù)，榮譽(yù)，聲望④學(xué)分
vt. ①相信，信任②把…歸于(to)③把…記入貸方
[真題]His lectures on Roman history would do credit ______ a real expert.
A) in B) to C) of D) with [CET-6:1993,1]
[譯文]他關(guān)于羅馬史的講座將使他成為一位真正的專(zhuān)家。
deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
account n. ①記述,描述,報(bào)告②賬,賬戶(hù)③解釋,說(shuō)明 vi. (for)①說(shuō)明…的原因②(在數(shù)量、比例上)占…
[真題] _________ should any money be given to a small child.
A) On no account B) From all accounts C) Of no account D) By all accounts [CET-6:1991,6]
[譯文]絕對(duì)不能把錢(qián)給一個(gè)小孩。
revenue n. ①(尤指大宗的)收入，收益②(政府的)稅收，歲入
[真題]The Town Planning Commission said that their financial out-look for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ________.
A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity [CET-6:1999,1]
[譯文]城市計(jì)劃委員會(huì)說(shuō)他們對(duì)下一年度的財(cái)政前景甚為樂(lè)觀，他們期望稅收歲入增加。
insurance n. 保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)
[真題]After the robbery, the shop installed a sophisticated alarm system as an insurance ______ further losses.
A) for B) from C) against D) towards [CET-4:1996,6]
[譯文]遭劫之后，這家商店安裝了精密復(fù)雜的報(bào)警系統(tǒng)以防再有損失。
transaction n. 交易，業(yè)務(wù)
[真題]My boss has always attended to the _______ of important business himself.
A) transaction B) stimulation C) transition D) solution [CET-6:1995,6]
[譯文]我的老板總是親自處理重要業(yè)務(wù)。
enforce vt. ①實(shí)施，執(zhí)行②強(qiáng)迫，迫使
shield n. 防護(hù)物, 護(hù)罩, 盾；vt. (from) 保護(hù), 防護(hù)
confidential a. ①秘密的，機(jī)密的②表示信任(或親密)的，擔(dān)任機(jī)密工作的
[真題]For a particular reason, he wanted the information to be treated as _________.
A) assured B) reserved C) intimate D) confidential [CET-6:2001,6]
[譯文]出于某一特殊原因，他希望將此消息保密。
reap vt. ①收割，收獲②獲得，得到
【必背搭配】
動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配：
spy on 暗中監(jiān)視，窺探
be sued for / sue sb. for (被)指控
press (sb.) for 為…向(某人)施加壓力
lean toward 傾向于
動(dòng)詞與名詞搭配：
reap a profit 獲得利潤(rùn)
mine data 采集資料(數(shù)據(jù))
名詞與介詞搭配：
law against 針對(duì)…的法律
protection from 來(lái)自于…的保護(hù)
形容詞與名詞搭配
private sectors 私營(yíng)部門(mén)
deceptive practices 欺騙性的做法
介詞與名詞搭配：
at will 隨心所欲地
in hand 在手
for sale 待售
Passage Four
It’s hardily news that the immigration system is a mess.（揭示主題）Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers, and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished.（36）But since Sept. 11, it’s become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans.（38）In addition to their mastery of forging passports , at least three of the 19 Sept. 11 hijackers (劫機(jī)者) were here on expired visas. That’s been a safe bet until now. ( That = be here on expired visas ) The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) (移民歸化局) lacks the resources, and apparently the inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.（第一段講了整個(gè)美國(guó)的移民體系一團(tuán)糟, 外國(guó)人(包括恐怖分子)持假證件非法入境, 簽證過(guò)期非法居留等。作者批評(píng)了INS工作不力。）
36. Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of .
[替換與定位]本題問(wèn)恐怖分子明顯地利用了什么？第一段第三句開(kāi)始部分告訴我們，很明顯911恐怖分子得逞是因?yàn)樗麄兝昧嗣绹?guó)移民體系的弱點(diǎn)(weaknesses)，如：forging passports（偽造護(hù)照）, 過(guò)期簽證等。迄今這一直是一場(chǎng)安全的賭博。美國(guó)移民歸化局缺乏相關(guān)資源，并且也不愿意去追蹤大約200萬(wàn)故意超過(guò)居留期的外國(guó)人（其中就有恐怖分子）。但是，這種對(duì)移民欺詐行為的懈怠、馬虎態(tài)度可能會(huì)改變（第二段第一句）。從以上可以看出，恐怖分子得逞首先應(yīng)歸咎于美國(guó)的整個(gè)移民體系，INS這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)辦事不力，缺乏效率。所以應(yīng)該選D) the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service移民歸化局的低效率。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) the legal privileges granted to foreigners給予外國(guó)人的法律特權(quán)，以及B) the excessive hospitality of the American people美國(guó)人民的過(guò)分好客，這兩項(xiàng)文中都無(wú)信息支持。C) the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpoints邊境檢查站官員的不負(fù)責(zé)任，文章最后雖然講了美國(guó)要加強(qiáng)邊境安全以防恐怖分子襲擊，但并未提到恐怖分子是利用邊境檢查站官員的不負(fù)責(zé)任而混入美國(guó)的，所以C錯(cuò)。
38. It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept. 11, aliens with expired visas .
[定位與替換] 本題問(wèn)從文章可推斷在911之前持有過(guò)期簽證的外國(guó)人會(huì)怎么樣？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Sept. 11 / expired visas，定位到第一段。第一段第二句visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished. 那些合法來(lái)到美國(guó)的游客經(jīng)常超出了他們的合法居留期而不被懲罰，同時(shí)注意at least three of the 19 Sept . 11 hijackers were here on expired visas中用的是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)were, 說(shuō)明在911之前這幾個(gè)劫機(jī)者持的是過(guò)期簽證。最后一句也提到差不多有200萬(wàn)外國(guó)人這樣做，這些簽證到期的外國(guó)人可以隨意在美國(guó)停留，因?yàn)闆](méi)有人來(lái)找他們麻煩。因此選C) might stay on for as long as they wished 可以想呆多久就呆多久。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) might have them extended without trouble可以輕而易舉地延長(zhǎng)簽證，其中them是指visas；B) would be closely watched by FBI agents將會(huì)被FBI的特工密切監(jiān)視；D) would live in constant fear of deportation將會(huì)一直生活在可能會(huì)被驅(qū)逐的恐懼中；這三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)文中都無(wú)信息支持。
But this laxness(馬虎)toward immigration fraud may be about to change.（主題句后面詳細(xì)闡述如何change。）Congress has already taken some modest steps. The U.S.A. Patriot Act, passed in the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, requires the FBI, the Justice Department, the State Department and the INS to share more data, which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.（第二句主干The U.S.A Patriot Act requires the FBI … to share more data. 第二段大意是講國(guó)會(huì)已經(jīng)通過(guò)立法，要求有關(guān)部門(mén)合作將恐怖分子拒之門(mén)外。）
37. We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made by various U.S. government agencies to .
[替換與定位]本題問(wèn)美國(guó)的不同政府機(jī)構(gòu)將會(huì)作出什么樣的協(xié)調(diào)努力？本文定位不大容易，要求能識(shí)別the FBI, the Justice Department , the State Department and the INS = various U.S. government agencies，具有一定的概括能力。第二段的意思是：這種對(duì)移民欺詐行為的懈怠狀態(tài)可能會(huì)有所改變，國(guó)會(huì)已經(jīng)采取了一些適當(dāng)措施，緊隨著911慘劇之后通過(guò)的《美國(guó)愛(ài)國(guó)者法案》要求聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局、司法部、國(guó)務(wù)院和移民歸化局共享更多的資料，這將使在邊境就阻止列入名單的恐怖分子變得更加容易。所以應(yīng)該選B) ward off terrorist suspects at the border，是原文stop watch-listed terrorists at the border的同義替換。注意：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句后面經(jīng)常包含重要解題信息。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) refuse the renewing of expired visas拒絕更新過(guò)期的簽證；C) prevent the forgery of immigration papers避免偽造移民文件；D) limit the number of immigrants to the U.S. 限制來(lái)美國(guó)的移民數(shù)量。三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)在文中都無(wú)信息支持。
But what’s really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security.（本段討論中心）Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement. They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrant out and to track them down once they’re here. Reformers also want to see the INS set up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to.
All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week.（proposed changes指代上文中critics和reformer所要求的各種措施。）(40) Before Sept. 11, legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies: universities, which rely on tuition form foreign students who could be kept out by the new law, and business, which relies on foreigners for cheap labor. Since the attacks, they’ve backed off. The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year.
40. Before Sept. 11, the U.S. Congress had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws because ________.
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)911之前美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)未能通過(guò)更嚴(yán)格的移民法律的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Before Sept. 11定位到原文第四段，legislation of this kind had been blocked = had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws。第二句的大意是：在911之前，這類(lèi)立法被兩大院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán)所阻止：大學(xué)（依靠外國(guó)留學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)）和企業(yè)（依靠外國(guó)廉價(jià)勞工），新法律將會(huì)將外國(guó)留學(xué)生和廉價(jià)勞工拒之門(mén)外。所以本題選A) they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor它們可能將外國(guó)學(xué)生和廉價(jià)勞工拒之門(mén)外。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] B) it was difficult to coordinate the efforts of the congressmen很難協(xié)調(diào)國(guó)會(huì)議員的行動(dòng)，無(wú)信息支持；C) education and business circles cared little about national security教育界和商界對(duì)國(guó)家安全不怎么關(guān)心，文中并沒(méi)有說(shuō)教育界和商界有這樣的觀點(diǎn)，曲解原文；D) resources were not available for their enforcement 沒(méi)有資源（或財(cái)力）來(lái)實(shí)行，文中無(wú)信息支持。
Also on the agenda for next year: a proposal, backed by some influential law-makers, to split the INS into two agencies — a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections, deportation and other functions. One reason for the division,( the division = split ) supporters say, is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept. 11 tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation’s border security to protect them from terrorist attacks. （第二段講國(guó)會(huì)已經(jīng)通過(guò)立法，要求一些部門(mén)合作來(lái)將恐怖分子拒之門(mén)外。本文語(yǔ)篇關(guān)鍵詞immigration，border，INS，語(yǔ)篇模式為提出問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題，第二段到第五段為各種提出來(lái)的解決方案。）
39. It is believed by many that all these years the INS _________.
[定位與替換]本題詢(xún)問(wèn)許多人這些年來(lái)對(duì)INS的看法。文章最后一段主要圍繞INS進(jìn)行闡述，大意是：有建議要將INS分成兩個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)處理公民身份文件，另一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)邊境檢查、驅(qū)逐出境等。支持將INS分開(kāi)的人認(rèn)為（也就是題干里很多人的觀點(diǎn)），INS太過(guò)于注重為游客和移民服務(wù)了。911之后INS應(yīng)該把更多的注意力放在為千百萬(wàn)普通美國(guó)民眾服務(wù)，他們有賴(lài)于國(guó)家的邊境安全來(lái)免遭恐怖分子的襲擊。總而言之，要重視國(guó)家安全。所以，應(yīng)該選整合了最后一段最后兩句意思的C) has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the nation’s security過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)了服務(wù)功能而以國(guó)家安全為代價(jià)。too focused on = over-emphasized。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) has been serving two contradictory functions一直在履行兩個(gè)互相矛盾的職責(zé)，和文中內(nèi)容不符；B) has been too liberal in granting visas to tourists and immigrants indiscriminately在向游客和移民發(fā)放簽證時(shí)不加區(qū)別、太過(guò)寬松，曲解原文，文中只是說(shuō)過(guò)分注重為游客和移民服務(wù)而已；D) has ignored the pleas of the two powerful lobbies忽視了兩大院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán)的呼吁，與文中內(nèi)容不符，只是利用two powerful lobbies 的信息來(lái)進(jìn)行干擾。
【重點(diǎn)單詞】
mess n. 混亂狀態(tài)，臟亂狀態(tài)，混亂局面，困境 vt. 搞亂，弄糟，弄臟
paper n. ①紙②報(bào)紙③[pl.]文件④論文⑤書(shū)面作業(yè)，試卷 a. 紙質(zhì)的 vt. 裱糊
shrewdly adv. 機(jī)靈地，敏銳地，精明地
factor n. ①因素，要素②因子，因數(shù) vt. ①包括，把…計(jì)算在內(nèi)②對(duì)…作因式分解，分解…的因子
forge vt. ①偽造(貨幣、文件等)，假冒②鍛造，錘煉
expire vi. ①期滿，(期限)終止②斷氣，死亡
[真題]Mike just discovered that his passport had _______ three months ago.
A) abolished B) expired C) amended D) constrained [CET-6:1999,6]
[譯文]Mike剛發(fā)現(xiàn)他的護(hù)照三個(gè)月前就已到期了。
visa n. 簽證
inclination n. ①傾斜，傾角②傾向，愛(ài)好
fraud n. ①欺詐，詐騙②騙子
critic n. 批評(píng)家，評(píng)論家
hinder vt. 阻礙，妨礙
[真題]His career was not noticeably _______ by the fact that he had never been to college.
A) prevented B) restrained C) hindered D) refrained [CET-6:1998,1]
[譯文]他的事業(yè)并未因他從未上過(guò)大學(xué)而受到明顯妨礙。
immigrant n. 移民，僑民
monitor vt. 監(jiān)聽(tīng)，監(jiān)視，監(jiān)測(cè) n. ①監(jiān)聽(tīng)器，監(jiān)視器，監(jiān)測(cè)器②(計(jì)算機(jī))顯示器③(學(xué)校的)班長(zhǎng)
[真題]While you pedal away on the exercise bicycle, a machine will be ______ your breathing and pulse.
A) reviewing B) screening C) surveying D) monitoring [CET-6:1990,6]
[譯文]當(dāng)你腳踏健身車(chē)前進(jìn)時(shí)，一個(gè)機(jī)器會(huì)監(jiān)測(cè)你的呼吸和脈搏。
block n. ①一排房屋，大樓②街區(qū)③大塊(木料、冰等)④障礙(物)，堵塞(物) vt. ①堵塞②阻礙，妨礙
lobby n. ①(賓館、劇院等的)大廳，休息室②院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán) v. 向(議員等)進(jìn)行游說(shuō)
tuition n. ①學(xué)費(fèi)②(某一學(xué)科的)教學(xué)，講授，指導(dǎo)
agenda n. 議事日程
split vi. 分裂，分離，裂開(kāi) vt. ①使分裂②劈開(kāi)，撕裂③分擔(dān)，分享 n. 分裂，裂口
process n. ①過(guò)程，進(jìn)程②工序③法律程序 vt. 加工，處理，辦理
【必背搭配】
動(dòng)詞與名詞搭配：
overstay one’s welcome 滯留超過(guò)時(shí)限，逾期滯留
expired visa 過(guò)期簽證
keep track of 對(duì)…進(jìn)行跟蹤
enforce the law 執(zhí)行法律
tighten up security 加強(qiáng)安全
動(dòng)詞與副詞搭配
track sb. down 追捕到某人
形容詞與名詞搭配：
tougher laws 更嚴(yán)厲的法律
ordinary Americans 普通美國(guó)人
modest steps 適度的措施
介詞與名詞搭配：
in the wake of 緊跟在…的后面，尾隨，仿效
on the agenda 在議事日程上
動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配：
be backed by 由…資助
副詞與動(dòng)詞搭配：
shrewdly factor 精心、巧妙地利用
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41. It is generally known that New York is a city for and a center for odd bits of information.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力。And表示前后語(yǔ)意一致，odd是線索詞，表示“奇怪，怪異”，可推測(cè)空格處所填的也會(huì)是個(gè)貶義詞，只有D符合。D) eccentrics n. 行為古怪的人；A) veterans n. 老手, 富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人, 退伍軍人 veteran a. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的 a veteran actor 資深演員；B) victims n. 受害人, 犧牲者, 犧牲品 become the victim of / fall a victim to成為…的犧牲品；C) pedestrians行人, 步行者。
[譯文] 眾所周知，紐約是個(gè)怪人云集的城市，是奇談怪論的中心。
42. High grades are supposed to academic ability, but John’s actual performance did not confirm this.
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配certify academic ability。-fy結(jié)尾的單詞在六級(jí)中很重要。空格處所填的動(dòng)詞和academic ability搭配，根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，應(yīng)該填A(yù)) certify 證明, 保證。B) clarify 澄清, 闡明 (反義：obscure )；C) classify分類(lèi), 歸類(lèi) classify as將…分類(lèi)為 classified ads分類(lèi)廣告；D) notify通報(bào)，正式通知 notify sb. of sth. 通知某人某事。
[譯文] 高分被認(rèn)為是學(xué)術(shù)能力的保證，但約翰的實(shí)際表現(xiàn)不能證明這一點(diǎn)。
43. In spite of the , it seemed that many of the invited guests would still show up.
[解析] 本題考查學(xué)生根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力。still是一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)意暗示詞，暗示由于某種原因，有的被邀請(qǐng)的客人可能不出席，也就是說(shuō)對(duì)是否出席存在爭(zhēng)論，故選C) controversy 爭(zhēng)論，辯論 controversy over sth.對(duì)某事的爭(zhēng)論。A) deviation 偏離, 背離 deviate from偏離, 背離；B) distinction 區(qū)別, 差別, 聲望, 顯赫 gain / achieve distinction出名；D) comparison比較, 對(duì)照, 比喻 by comparison比較起來(lái) draw a comparison between把…加以比較。
[譯文] 盡管存在爭(zhēng)論，但是看來(lái)很多被邀請(qǐng)的客人仍然會(huì)出席。
44. The relatives of those killed in the crash got together to seek .
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力和動(dòng)賓搭配seek compensation。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，只能選B) compensation n. 補(bǔ)償, 賠償 make compensation for one’s losses補(bǔ)償某人的損失 compensate for補(bǔ)償。A) premium n.額外費(fèi)用, 獎(jiǎng)金, 獎(jiǎng)賞, 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)；C) repayment n. 償還的款項(xiàng), 報(bào)答；D) refund n./v. 歸還, 償還額, 退款 refund one’s money退某人的錢(qián)。
[譯文] 這次空難遇難者的親屬聚集在一起尋求賠償。
45. At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number of with the machinery.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力。 But是線索詞，表示前后語(yǔ)意相反，前面是everything went well, 那么后面肯定是不順利，遇到了挫折。故選B) setback n. 挫折, 挫敗 suffer setbacks遭到挫折。A) disturbance n. 騷動(dòng), 動(dòng)亂, 打擾, 干擾；從與machinery搭配的語(yǔ)意看，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)也有道理，但從全句的語(yǔ)意看，選項(xiàng)B更為準(zhǔn)確；C) output n. 產(chǎn)量, 輸出 average output平均產(chǎn)量；D) distortion n. 扭曲, 變形, 曲解 distorted a. 扭曲的 distort one’s opinion歪曲某人的觀點(diǎn)。
[譯文] 一開(kāi)始工程進(jìn)展順利，但最近我們?cè)跈C(jī)械方面遇到了許多挫折。
46. He tried to hide his patch by sweeping his hair over to one side.
[解析] 本題考查形容詞辨析�？崭裉幩畹脑~和patch(片，部分，斑點(diǎn))搭配，再根據(jù)hair這個(gè)線索詞，可以確定這里應(yīng)填C) bald 光禿的，禿頂?shù)模d頭的。A) barren 不生育的, 不孕的, 貧瘠的(土地)；B) bare 赤裸的, 無(wú)遮蔽的(arms /feet)；D) bleak 寒冷的, 陰冷的, 沒(méi)有指望的, 令人沮喪的 a bleak prospect黯淡的前景。
[譯文] 他把頭發(fā)梳向一邊，試圖遮住禿頂部分。
47. The old couple now still for their beloved son, 30years after his death.
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)詞和介詞搭配的短語(yǔ)。death為線索詞，空格處的動(dòng)詞必定和death相關(guān)，故選最符合語(yǔ)意的D) mourn (for) 哀悼, 憂傷。A) cherish珍愛(ài), 愛(ài)惜, 懷有（感情） cherish fancies about對(duì)…抱有幻想 cherish a memory懷念一段記憶； B) groan呻吟, 嘆息, 受折磨 groaned under 受…的折磨； C) immerse沉浸, 使陷入 be immersed in沉浸于，沉溺于。
[譯文] 這對(duì)老夫婦30年后仍然在為死去的親愛(ài)的兒子哀悼。
48. Coffee is the of this district and brings local farmers a lot of money.
[解析] 本題考查名詞辨析。線索詞coffee，答案為B) staple主要產(chǎn)品, 常用品, 主食, 原材料, 主要成分。A) majority多數(shù), 大半 the overwhelming majority絕大多數(shù)；C) spice香料, 調(diào)味品, 趣味；D) elite精華，精銳，精英。
[譯文] 咖啡是這個(gè)地區(qū)的主要產(chǎn)品，給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民帶來(lái)了很大收益。
49. Before we move, we should some of the old furniture, so that we can have more room in the new house.
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配。空格處所填詞和furniture搭配，所以選A) discard丟棄, 拋棄 discard old beliefs 拋棄舊的觀念。B) dissipate驅(qū)散, (使)(云、疑慮等)消散, 浪費(fèi)(金錢(qián)或時(shí)間) dissipate one’s efforts浪費(fèi)精力；C) cancel取消, 刪去, 作廢 cancel one’s order取消訂單；D) conceal隱藏, 隱蔽, 隱瞞 conceal from sb.對(duì)（某人）隱瞞 a concealed opponent一個(gè)隱藏的對(duì)手。
[譯文] 搬家前我們應(yīng)該丟掉一些舊家具，這樣我們的新房子就會(huì)有較多的空間。
50. You cannot imagine how I feel with my duties sometimes.
[解析]本題考查形容詞辨析。答案為C) overwhelmed被淹沒(méi)的，受打擊的，被壓倒的，對(duì)思想或情緒影響深刻的。A) overflowed溢出的，泛濫的，充滿的；B) overthrown被打倒的，推翻的，顛覆的；D) overturned傾覆的，破滅的。
[譯文] 你無(wú)法想象有時(shí)候我的職責(zé)對(duì)我的情緒影響有多大。
51 Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be to have withdrawn from the program.
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。線索詞anyone，答案為B。各選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞：B) deem認(rèn)為, 判斷, 以為 be deemed to被認(rèn)為 deem highly of sth. 對(duì)某事高度評(píng)價(jià)；A) contemplate凝視, 沉思, 預(yù)期；C) acknowledge承認(rèn), 答謝, 公認(rèn) acknowledge as認(rèn)為…是 It is universally acknowledged that … 人們普遍認(rèn)為；D) anticipate預(yù)期, 期望, 預(yù)見(jiàn) It is anticipated that … 據(jù)預(yù)計(jì)。
[譯文] 任何人在月底前沒(méi)有交納注冊(cè)費(fèi)都將被視為從該計(jì)劃中退出。
52. Although he was on a diet, the delicious food him enormously.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力�？崭裉幩顒�(dòng)詞和food搭配，所以選D) tempt vt. 誘惑, 引誘, 吸引 tempt sb. into doing sth. 誘惑某人做某事。A) distract vt. 打擾，使…注意力轉(zhuǎn)移，使分心(from)；B) stimulate vt. 刺激，激勵(lì) stimulate the nerve刺激神經(jīng)；C) inspire vt. 鼓舞, 感動(dòng), 激發(fā), 使產(chǎn)生靈感 inspired essay 有靈感而寫(xiě)的文章。
[譯文] 盡管他在節(jié)食減肥，這道美味仍然深深誘惑著他。
53. The police are trying to what really happened.
[解析]本題考查形近詞辨析。幾個(gè)as 開(kāi)頭的單詞構(gòu)成形近詞干擾。所填動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和what really happened搭配，最適宜的是A) ascertain發(fā)現(xiàn), 查明,確定。B) assert斷言, 聲稱(chēng)；C) avert轉(zhuǎn)移，避免，防止 avert the outcome避免后果 avert the accident 避免事故；D) ascribe (to) 歸因于, 歸咎于。
[譯文] 警方正在努力查明真相。
54. He said that ending the agreement would the future of small or family-run shops, lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配jeopardize the future�？崭裉幩顒�(dòng)詞和the future搭配，再根據(jù)全句意思，只能選擇C) jeopardize危及, 危害 jeopardize relations危及關(guān)系。A) venture冒險(xiǎn)，投機(jī) I venture to say that ...恕我冒昧地說(shuō)；B) expose使暴露，使曝光，揭露；D) legalize使合法化 legalized drugs合法藥物。
[譯文] 他說(shuō)終止協(xié)議將危及小的或家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)的商店的將來(lái)，導(dǎo)致出版的書(shū)更少，除少量暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)外所有書(shū)的價(jià)格都將上漲。
55. As we know, computers are used to store and information efficiently.
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配retrieve information。空格處所填動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是常和store一起連用的反義詞，選D) retrieve 取回，尋回，找回。A) reclaim要求歸還, 收回, 回收；B) reconcile使和解, 調(diào)和，調(diào)停 be reconciled with sb. 與某人和解 reconcile one’s differences調(diào)和差異；C) reassure使…安心, 再保證。
[譯文] 如我們所知，電腦是用來(lái)高效率地存儲(chǔ)和調(diào)取信息的。
56. His illness first itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.
[解析] 本題考查固定搭配 manifest itself / themselves（疾病，癥狀等）顯露，出現(xiàn)，只有選B。A) express vt. 表達(dá)，表示；C) reflect vt. 反映，反射；D) display vt. 陳列, 展覽, 顯示。
[譯文] 他的病的最初癥狀是嚴(yán)重的胃疼和頭疼。
57. The they felt for each other was obvious to everyone who saw them.
[解析] 本題考查短語(yǔ)feel affection for sb. 喜愛(ài)某人，對(duì)某人有好感，深?lèi)?ài)著某人，選A。B) adherence (to) 忠誠(chéng)，堅(jiān)持；C) sensibility敏感性，意識(shí)，覺(jué)察 aesthetic sensibility美感；D) sensitivity敏感,靈敏(度),靈敏性 sensitivity shift靈敏度變化。
[譯文] 他們彼此懷有的感情在每個(gè)看到他們的人眼里都很明顯。
58. When construction can begin depends on how soon the of the route is completed.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力。所填名詞和of the route相關(guān)，所以選D) survey測(cè)量，調(diào)查，勘測(cè) conduct a survey 進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)調(diào)查。A) conviction深信, 確信, 定罪 in the full conviction that … 充分相信；B) identity身份, 一致 the identity of interests利益的一致；C) orientation方向, 方位, 定位, 傾向性。
[譯文] 什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始建造取決于道路測(cè)量什么時(shí)候完成。
59. The government a heavy tax on tobacco, which aroused opposition from the tobacco industry.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力和動(dòng)賓搭配impose a heavy tax on。所填動(dòng)詞和tax相關(guān)，答案為B。B) impose vt. 征收(稅等)，把…強(qiáng)加于(與on連用) impose a ban on對(duì)…實(shí)施禁令；A) pronounce v. 宣告, 斷言 pronounce against對(duì)…發(fā)表反對(duì)意見(jiàn)；C) comply vi. 順從, 答應(yīng), 遵守(與with連用)；D) prescribe v. 規(guī)定，開(kāi)藥方，處方 prescription medicine處方藥。
[譯文] 政府對(duì)煙草征收重稅，這引起了煙草行業(yè)的反對(duì)。
60. Years after the accident he was still by images of death and destruction.
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)C與題意相符：C) haunt v. 時(shí)�？M繞，常到，出沒(méi) haunted a. 鬧鬼的。A) twist v. 扭曲，盤(pán)旋，曲折，歪曲；B) dip v. 浸，蘸，沾；D) submerge v. 浸沒(méi)，淹沒(méi)。
[譯文] 事故發(fā)生多年后，他仍然被死亡和毀滅的陰影所縈繞。
61. The boxer and almost fell when his opponent hit him.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力。符合題意的只有A) stagger(ed) 搖晃，蹣跚。B) shatter(ed) 粉碎，損壞；C) scatter(ed) 分散，散開(kāi)，驅(qū)散；D) stamp(ed) 跺(腳)，頓(足)。
[譯文] 拳擊手被對(duì)方擊中，搖搖晃晃差點(diǎn)倒下。
62. In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is into ice.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力。所填動(dòng)詞和snow / ice相關(guān)，根據(jù)題意選D。各選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞：D) compact 壓緊，壓實(shí)；A) disperse (使)分散,(使)散開(kāi),傳播 disperse the crowd驅(qū)散人群 disperse knowledge傳播知識(shí)；B) embody 表達(dá)，包含，體現(xiàn)；C) compile 編譯, 編輯, 匯編。
[譯文] 在山區(qū)，下的雪都被壓實(shí)成了冰。
63. These continual in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力。所填名詞和temperature相關(guān)，根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)意，只能選D) fluctuations 波動(dòng), 起伏 economic fluctuation經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)；A) transitions 轉(zhuǎn)變, 轉(zhuǎn)換, 過(guò)渡；B) transformations 變化, 轉(zhuǎn)化(從某物轉(zhuǎn)變成某物) social transformation社會(huì)變革；C) exchanges 交換, 調(diào)換, 兌換 foreign exchange外幣兌換 auto exchange汽車(chē)交易。
[譯文] 持續(xù)的溫度波動(dòng)使人們無(wú)法決定穿什么。
64.The post-World War II baby resulted in a 43 percent increase in the number of teenagers in the 1960s and 1970s.
[解析] 本題考查固定搭配用法。baby boom（嬰兒潮、出生高峰）為固定搭配，與題意相符，故選B。A) boost 增加，提高，推動(dòng) boost the economy推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì) boost prices提高價(jià)格；B) boom 激增，蓬勃發(fā)展，隆隆聲 booming economy繁榮的經(jīng)濟(jì)；C) production 生產(chǎn), 產(chǎn)品, 產(chǎn)量 auto production汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量 automation production自動(dòng)(化)生產(chǎn)；D) prosperity 繁榮 continuous prosperity持續(xù)繁榮。
[譯文] 二戰(zhàn)后的嬰兒出生高峰導(dǎo)致六七十年代青少年數(shù)量增加了43%。
65. Elisabeth did not enter the museum at once, but in the courtyard.
[解析] 本題考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)意線索答題的能力。 由提議選擇C。A) reside (in/at) 居住；B) dwell (in/at) 居住，(on) 詳細(xì)闡述，老是想著某事；C) linger 逗留, 閑蕩, 徘徊；D) delay 耽擱, 延遲, 延期。
[譯文] Elisabeth沒(méi)有馬上進(jìn)入博物館，而是在院子里閑逛了一會(huì)兒。
66. Henry went through the documents again carefully for fear of any important data.
[解析] 本題考查句子推理。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，最符合的是B) overlooking 忽略, 沒(méi)注意。A) relaying 使接替, 轉(zhuǎn)播；C) deleting 刪除；D) revealing 展現(xiàn), 顯示, 揭示。
[譯文] Henry再次仔細(xì)瀏覽了一遍文件，害怕忽略了重要信息。
67. The bank is offering a to anyone who can give information about the robbery.
[解析] 本題考查習(xí)慣用法。英語(yǔ)中對(duì)提供破案信息給予的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是用A) reward報(bào)酬, 獎(jiǎng)金。B) bonus獎(jiǎng)金, 紅利(工資以外的)；C) prize獎(jiǎng)賞, 獎(jiǎng)金, 獎(jiǎng)品（參加比賽等）；D) compliment稱(chēng)贊, 恭維, 致意 pay compliments to sb. 向某人致意。
[譯文] 銀行將對(duì)提供搶劫案信息的任何人給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
68. It is a(n) that the French eat so much rich food and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease.
[解析] 本題考查句型It is paradox that … 。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，選B) paradox似是而非, 自相矛盾，悖論。A) analogy類(lèi)似, 類(lèi)推, 類(lèi)比 draw an analogy作一個(gè)類(lèi)比；C) correlation相互關(guān)系, 相關(guān)(性)；D) illusion 幻想，幻覺(jué) be under illusion存在幻想。
[譯文] 法國(guó)人吃那么多高脂肪的食物，心臟病發(fā)病率卻比較低，這真是一個(gè)矛盾的現(xiàn)象。
69.For many years the Japanese have the car market.
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配。所填動(dòng)詞和the car market搭配，所以選D。D) dominate 支配, 占優(yōu)勢(shì), 統(tǒng)治；A) preside (over) 主持；B) occupy占用, 占領(lǐng), 占據(jù)（盡管occupy也可以和the car market搭配，但這一句是強(qiáng)調(diào)日本汽車(chē)占市場(chǎng)的主導(dǎo)地位，選dominate更好）；C) operate操作, 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
[譯文] 多年來(lái)，日本一直在汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位。
70. The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the .
[解析] 本題考查固定搭配：on / at the top of the agenda在議程的首要位置，故應(yīng)選A。A) agenda議事日程，會(huì)議事項(xiàng)；B) bulletin公告，報(bào)告；C) routine例行公事，常規(guī)，日常事務(wù) daily routine日常常規(guī)；D) timetable 時(shí)間表。
[譯文] 安全話題必須放在議程的首要位置。
Part IV Error Correction
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people — the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, (S1)include the expression of these patterns in material things. Culture is (S2)compose of nonmaterial culture — abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional arrangements — and material culture — physical (S3)object like cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share (S4)or everything we make. In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual (S5)∧can speak another language — the person who is (S6)unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, (S7)because of culture is the common world of experience we share with other members of our group.
Culture is (S8)essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind of map for relating to others. Consider how you fret your way about social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or (S9)laugh at you? Your culture supplies you (S10)by broad, standardized, ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a person’s culture, we can understand and even predict a good deal of his behavior.
[題解]
S1. include → including（動(dòng)詞用法錯(cuò)誤，include不是與前面的characterize并列作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，而應(yīng)該是以現(xiàn)在分詞形式引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語(yǔ)從句）
S2. compose → composed（動(dòng)詞用法錯(cuò)誤，be composed of 是一固定搭配短語(yǔ)，意為“由…組成”）
S3. object → objects（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤，因?qū)ζ渥鬟M(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的like后面跟的是三個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故object應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式）
S4. or → and（連接詞搭配錯(cuò)誤，both … and … / either … or …，根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該用both … and …）
S5. ∧ → who（句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤，該句的主干部分為a person of culture is the individual，根據(jù)上下文意思，后面部分can speak another language為修飾individual的定語(yǔ)從句，缺少了引導(dǎo)詞，應(yīng)該加上who）
S6. unfamiliar → familiar（上下文邏輯錯(cuò)誤，“文化人”應(yīng)該是“熟悉藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、文學(xué)、哲學(xué)及歷史的人”）
S7. because of → because（詞匯用法錯(cuò)誤，復(fù)合介詞because of 后只能跟名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，后面是從句只能用連接詞because引導(dǎo)，所以應(yīng)去掉of ）
S8. essentially → essential（副詞用法錯(cuò)誤，essentially不能作表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該改用形容詞essential）
S9. laugh → laughs（動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤，動(dòng)詞laugh要與其主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致，其主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who，而who指代的是a person，所以應(yīng)該改用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)laughs）
S10. by → with（動(dòng)詞和介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤，supply sb. with sth.是固定搭配短語(yǔ)，意為“向某人提供某物”）
[解析]
第一段第一句的主干是Culture refers to the social heritage of a people。破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)the social heritage的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，其中that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾the learned patterns of … acting，including…為現(xiàn)在分詞引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語(yǔ)從句。本段第二句的主干是Culture is composed of nonmaterial culture and material culture。破折號(hào)后的abstract creations 和physical objects平行，分別修飾前面的nonmaterial culture和material culture。In sum, … 為作者作的初步總結(jié)。In ordinary speech, … 和 But to sociologists, … 為兩個(gè)對(duì)比句。
第二段中these situations指代Consider … / How do you know…這兩句中的內(nèi)容。
[譯文]
文化是指一個(gè)民族的社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)，也就是人們所習(xí)得的思考、感知和行為模式，它們構(gòu)成了一個(gè)群體或社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，包括這些模式在物質(zhì)事物方面的表現(xiàn)。文化由非物質(zhì)文化（抽象的創(chuàng)造物，如：價(jià)值觀、信仰、風(fēng)俗和制度上的安排）和物質(zhì)文化（有形的物體，如：烹調(diào)用鍋、計(jì)算機(jī)和浴缸）組成�？偠灾�， 文化既反映了我們共有的觀念也反映了我們創(chuàng)造的每一件事物。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，有文化的人是指這個(gè)人能夠說(shuō)另外一門(mén)語(yǔ)言，熟悉藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、文學(xué)、哲學(xué)或歷史。但對(duì)社會(huì)學(xué)家而言，要成為人就要有教養(yǎng)，因?yàn)槲幕俏覀兣c我們所處群體的其它成員分享的共同體驗(yàn)。
文化對(duì)我們的人性來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的，它提供了一種與他人聯(lián)系的圖式。不妨考慮一下你是如何為你的社會(huì)生活方式而煩惱的，你是如何知道在教室里，在百貨商店里，或者面對(duì)著一個(gè)對(duì)你微笑或者取笑你的人時(shí)，你應(yīng)該有怎樣的行為舉止？你的文化為你提供了處理每一種此類(lèi)狀況的主要的、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的、現(xiàn)成的答案。因此，如果我們了解一個(gè)人的文化，我們就能理解甚至預(yù)測(cè)他的很多行為。
Part V Writing
[范文]
A Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper
June 19, 2004
Dear Editor,
I am a junior in Peking University and a regular reader of your prestigious newspaper. I am writing to confide to you my unpleasant experience because I take you as my friend. Last Sunday, I went to the XXX Foreign Bookstore for the latest version of an English-Chinese Dictionary. On my way home, I was filled with joy because this dictionary is the type I have been longing for years. However, when I was back home browsing through the dictionary, I was astonished to find lots of pages were stained and missing. And I found some entries are mistakenly defined. I rushed back to the store and found the manager to complain about the quality problems and asked him to refund my money. But he gave me the cold shoulder, arguing that this was not their fault and the publisher was to blame.
Over the past week, I have been pondering what happened and decided to write you a letter. I am writing this letter not to pour out my complaints before you but to appeal to the service industry to improve its service quality. I was hoping the service industry could provide full catering service to every customer. The development of our society calls for high-level service!
I look forward to your opinion on this matter.
Best wishes,
Yours faithfully,
Zhang Shen
[分析] 在寫(xiě)此類(lèi)書(shū)信作文時(shí)一定要注意格式問(wèn)題，否則可能會(huì)被扣1~2分格式分。根據(jù)提綱要求，本作文前二部分為記敘，后一部分為議論，分二到三段均可。在描述字典的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題時(shí)，切記不能寫(xiě)成議論文模式（比如：First, … Second, … ），這樣會(huì)給閱卷者帶來(lái)不好的印象。
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