2016年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based an the followingpassage.

　　Dropping out of university to launch a start-up isold hat. The twist with Joseph Cohen, Dan Getelmanand Jim Grandpre is that their start-up aims toimprove how universities work. In May 2011 thethree founders quit the University of Pennsvlvania. to launch Coursekit,soon renamed asLore.whichhas already raised $ 6m to develop what Mr. Cohen, its 21-year-old chief executive,describes as a social-learning network for the classroom".

　　Lore is part of a trend that builds on the familiarity with social networking that has comewith the success of Facebook. It customizes the rules of a network to meet the specific needsof students. Anyone teaching a class would reasonably worry that students using Facebookwere gossiping rather than learning useful information from their network of friends. Loreallows teachers to control exactly who is in the network by issuing a class-membership codeand to see how they are using it. They can also distribute course materials, contact students,manage tests and grades, and decide what to make public and what to keep private. Studentscan also interact with each other.

　　In the academic year after launching its first version last November, Lore was used in atleast one class in 600 diversities and colleges. Its goal for its second year, about to begin, is tospread rapidly within those 600 institutions, not least to see what the effects of scale are fromhaving lots of classes signed up within the same institution.

　　The firm has a fast-growing army of fans in the faculty common room. Lore, says EdwardBoches, who uses it for his advertising classes at Boston University, makes teaching "moreinteractive, extends it beyond the classroom and stimulates students to learn from each otherrather than just the professor. "

　　Among other challenges for the company, there remains the small matter of figuring out abusiness model. For the moment it has none. Mr. Cohen hopes that eventually Lore couldbecome the primary marketplace for everything from courses to textbooks, but so far theservice is free and carries no advertising. Blackboard, the industry incumbent (占有者), chargesusers for its course-management software. It remains to be seen how it will respond to theupstart(新貴).

　　The lack of a plan does not appear to bother Lore's founders or investors, -who seemcontent to learn a lesson from another university drop-out, Mark Zuckerberg, the co-founder ofFacebook: achieve critical mass in your network and the profits will follow. And after thatperhaps they can expect an honorary degree from the a/ma mater(母校).

　　56. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Lore?

　　A. It specializes in producing old hats.

　　B. It aims to improve the way universities work.

　　C. It invests $ 6m in the development of social network.

　　D. It promotes the communication among classmates.

　　57. What does Lore enable teachers to do?

　　A. Meet specific needs of students.

　　B. Learn useful information from friends.

　　C. Control the online class membership.

　　D. Monitor students' personal privacy.

　　58. For its second-year goal, Lore is to __

　　A. increase fans in the faculty common room

　　B. launch its second version in 600 universities

　　C. make more classes from 600 institutions signed up

　　D. spread its influence within the same institution

　　59. Concerning the prospect of Lore, Mr. Cohen expects it to

　　A. confront with Blackboard as an equal

　　B. offer free service to the advertisers

　　C. cover businesses from courses to textbooks

　　D. Develop its own come-management software

　　60. What do we learn about Lore's founders?

　　A. They can't be bothered to design a business model.

　　B. They learn a lesson from the success of Facebook.

　　C. They will not make profits without drawing mass users.

　　D. They desire to receive an honorary degree from the alma mater.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　A bull grazes on dry wheat husks(Phi) in Logan, Kansas, one of the regions hit by therecord drought that has affected more than half of the U. S. and is expected to drive up foodprices.

　　Leadinu water scientists have issued one of the sternest warnings yet about global foodsupplies, saying that the world's population may have to switch almost completely to avegetarian diet over the next 40 years to avoid catastrophic shortages.

　　Adopting a vegetarian diet is one option to increase the amount of water available to growmore food in an increasingly climate-unstable world, the scientists said. Animal protein-richfood consumes 5 to 10 times more water than a vegetarian diet. One third of the world'sarable(適于耕種的) land is used to grow crops to feed animals. Other options to feed peopleinclude eliminating waste and increasing trade between countries in food surplus and those indeficit.

　　"900 million people already go hungry and 2 billion people are malnourished in spite of thefact that per capita food production continues to increase," they said. "With 70% of allavailable water being in agriculture, growing more food to feed an additional 2 billion peopleby 2050 will place greater pressure on available water and land. "

　　The report is being released at the start of the annual world water conference inStockholm, Sweden, where 2,500 politicians, UN bodies, non-governmental groups andresearchers from 120 countries meet to address global water supply problems.

　　Competition for water between food production and other uses will intensify pressure onessential resources, the scientists said. "The UN predicts that we must increase foodproduction by 70% by mid-century. This will place additional pressure on our 'alreadystressed water resources, at a time when we also need to allocate more water to satisfy globalenergy demand--　which is expected to rise 60% over the coming 30 years--and to generateelectricity for the 1.3 billion people currently without it," said the report.

　　Overeating, undernourishment and waste are all on the rise and increased food productionmay face future constraints from water scarcity.

　　"We will need a new recipe to feed the world in the future," said the report's editor, AndersJagerskog.

　　A separate report from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) said the bestway for countries to protect millions of farmers from food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa andsouth Asia was to help them invest in small pumps and simple technology, rather than todevelop expensive, large-scale irrigation projects.

　　"Farmem across the developing world are increasingly relying on and benefiting from small-scale,locally-relevant water solutions. These techniques could increase yields up to 300% andadd tens of billions of U. S. dollars to household revenues across sub-Saharan Africa and southAsia. " said Dr. Colin Chartres, the director general.

　　61. What can be inferred from the water scientists' warning?

　　A. The record drought forces half of the U. S. to go hungry.

　　B. The record drought drives up food prices m the U. S.

　　C. Severe food shortage may happen without proper measures.

　　D. A vegetarian diet is the only option to avoid disastrous shortages.

　　62. What do the scientists say can be done to increase food supply?

　　A. Grow more animal protein-rich food.

　　B. Turn pastures into arable lands.

　　C. Promote trade between countries self-sufficient in food.

　　D. Increase the amount of water for food production.

　　63. According to the water scientists' report,

　　A. per capita food production has been increasing

　　B. reduced food supply will make more people malnourished

　　C. 70% of water will be used to feed 2 billion people by 2050

　　D. researchers begin to seek solutions to tackle water problem

　　64. In regard to the problem of water supply, scientists believe

　　A. more water should be allocated to satisfy energy demand

　　B. food production must be increased to 70% by mid-century

　　C. energy demand will intensify pressure on water resources

　　D. electricity generation must be increased by 60% 30 years later

　　65. What does the IWMI say is the best solution to food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africaand south Asia?

　　A. Applying small pumps and simple technology.

　　B. Launching large-scale irrigation projects.

　　C. Increase the local household revenues.

　　D. Investing in a new expensive irrigation project.

　　答案解析：

　　56 B)。由題干中的first paragraph about Lore定位到原文第一段第二句：The twist with Joesph Cohen,Dan Getelman and Jim Grandpre is that their start-up alms to improve how universities work.

　　詳解：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查學(xué)問(wèn)公司的相關(guān)事實(shí)。定位句指出，約瑟夫.科恩.金提曼和吉姆.格蘭坡的合作創(chuàng)業(yè)旨在提升學(xué)校的運(yùn)作方式，故答案為B)。A)“它專(zhuān)門(mén)制造舊帽子”，完全誤解了原文句子的意思，故排除;C)“它投資6百萬(wàn)發(fā)展社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，由該段最后一句可知，是發(fā)展社交學(xué)習(xí)型的課堂網(wǎng)絡(luò)而不是全社會(huì)的，故排除;D)“促進(jìn)同學(xué)間的交流”，這是社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一個(gè)好處，而不是主要意圖，故排除。

　　57.C)。由題干中的Lore enable teachers to do 定位到原文第二段第四句：Lore allows teachers to control exactly who is in the network by issuing a class-membership code and to see how they are using it.

　　詳解：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查學(xué)問(wèn)公司對(duì)教師的幫助。定位句指出，“學(xué)問(wèn)”使得教師們通過(guò)發(fā)行課堂成員代碼來(lái)嚴(yán)格控制上網(wǎng)的學(xué)生以及他們?nèi)绾问褂镁W(wǎng)絡(luò)，故答案為C)。A)“滿足學(xué)生們的具體要求”，由該段第二句可知，這是學(xué)問(wèn)公司自己的服務(wù)目標(biāo)而不是給予老師的，故排除;B)“向朋友們學(xué)習(xí)有用的信息”，這是老師們希望學(xué)生們做的，故排除;D)“監(jiān)控學(xué)生們的隱私”，由該段倒數(shù)第二句可知，老師們決定學(xué)生的隱私該保密，故排除。

　　58.C)。由題干中的its second.year goal定位到原文第三段第二句：Its goal for its second year，about to begin，is to spread rapidly within those 600 institutions，not least to see what the effects of scale are from having lots of classes signed up within the same institution.

　　詳解：推理判斷題。本題考查“學(xué)問(wèn)”的第二年計(jì)劃。定位句指出，即將開(kāi)始實(shí)行的第二年計(jì)劃是在600所機(jī)構(gòu)里擴(kuò)大影響范圍，不僅僅是看到同機(jī)構(gòu)里很多班級(jí)報(bào)名的規(guī)模效應(yīng)，故答案為C)。A)“增加教員休息室的粉絲”文中沒(méi)提及，只說(shuō)了已經(jīng)擁有越來(lái)越多的教師粉絲，故排除;B)“在600所大學(xué)中發(fā)起第二個(gè)版本”，該段開(kāi)頭指出使用的是第一個(gè)版本，未提及第二個(gè)版本，故排除;D)“擴(kuò)大它在同一所機(jī)構(gòu)中的影響”，文中的not least to see已經(jīng)表明它們不滿足于這個(gè)目標(biāo)，故排除。

　　59.C)。由題干中的the prospect of Lore和Mr.Cohen定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段第三句：協(xié).Cohen hopes that eventually Lore could become the primary marketplace for everything from courses to textbooks：..

　　詳解：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查科恩先生對(duì)學(xué)問(wèn)公司的期望。定位句指出，他希望最后“學(xué)問(wèn)”能成為自課程到教科書(shū)等一切的主要市場(chǎng)，故答案為C)。A)“平等面對(duì)黑板公司”，該段最后一句指出，還不知道黑板公司如何對(duì)待“學(xué)問(wèn)”這個(gè)新貴，故排除;B)“給廣告人提供免費(fèi)服務(wù)”，第三句后半部分說(shuō)carries no advertising，所以沒(méi)有廣告服務(wù);D)“開(kāi)發(fā)它自己的課程管理軟件”，該段倒數(shù)第二句指出課程管理軟件是黑板公司的，它會(huì)向使用者收取費(fèi)用，但沒(méi)提及“學(xué)問(wèn)”開(kāi)發(fā)此類(lèi)軟件，故排除。

　　60.B)。由題干中的Lore's founders定位到原文末段第一句：Lore’s founders or investors，who seem content to learn a lesson from another university drop—out，Mark Zuckerber9，the C0·founder of Facebook...

　　詳解：推理判斷題。本題考查學(xué)問(wèn)公司創(chuàng)建者們的創(chuàng)業(yè)靈感。定位句指出，他們似乎滿足于向另一所大學(xué)的輟學(xué)者和臉譜網(wǎng)的共同創(chuàng)建者馬克·扎克伯格學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故答案為B)。A)“他們沒(méi)有為形成一種商業(yè)模式而困擾”，倒數(shù)第二段前兩句已經(jīng)指出，他們現(xiàn)在存在著一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就是要形成一種商業(yè)模式，故有所困擾，可排除;C)“沒(méi)有大量的用戶(hù)他們將賺不到利潤(rùn)”，這是陳述事實(shí)，不屬于推理，故排除;D)“他們期望能得到母校的榮譽(yù)學(xué)位”，這是作者自己的推測(cè)而不是他們自己所想的，故排除。

　　61.C)。由題干中的inferred和water scientists’warnin9定位到原文第二段....saying that the world’s population may have to switch almost completely to a vegetarian diet over the next 40 years to avoid atastrophic shortages.

　　詳解：推理判斷題。本題考查對(duì)水資源科學(xué)家警示的理解。定位段指出，一些水科學(xué)帶頭人發(fā)布了一個(gè)關(guān)于全球糧食供應(yīng)的最高級(jí)警報(bào)，指出為了避免災(zāi)難性的糧食緊缺，在未來(lái)的四十年，世界人口的飲食可能不得不幾乎全轉(zhuǎn)換為素食，故答案為C)。A)“創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的干旱使得一半美國(guó)人挨餓”，文中第一段指出，這次干旱對(duì)大半個(gè)美國(guó)造成影響，故排除;B)“創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的旱災(zāi)抬高了美國(guó)的食物價(jià)格”，文中的is expected t0表示人們的預(yù)測(cè)而不是事實(shí)，故排除;D)“素食成為避免災(zāi)害性食物短缺的唯一選擇”，文中說(shuō)的這是一種選擇，而不是唯一選擇，故排除。

　　62.D)。由題干中的scientists和increase food supply定位到原文第三段第一句：Adopting a vegetarian diet is one option to increase the amount of water available to grow more food in an increasingly climate-unstable world，the scientists said.

　　詳解： 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查科學(xué)家對(duì)于增加食物供應(yīng)量的建議。定位句指出，科學(xué)家指出，素食的飲食習(xí)慣是在逐漸不穩(wěn)定的氣候條件下增加用來(lái)生產(chǎn)更多的食物的可用水資源總量的一種選擇，故答案為D)。A)“出產(chǎn)更多富含蛋白質(zhì)的動(dòng)物食物”，該段第二句指出動(dòng)物蛋白質(zhì)食物要消耗大量的水資源，故不適宜，排除;B)“退牧還耕”，該段第三句指明世界三分之一的耕種土地用于種植喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的食物，即使耕地多也不是多產(chǎn)食物給人們。故排除;C)“增進(jìn)與自給自足國(guó)家間的貿(mào)易往來(lái)”，該段最后一句指出要讓那些糧食有剩余和那些有短缺的國(guó)家加強(qiáng)貿(mào)易聯(lián)系，故排除。

　　63.A)。由題干中的the water scientists’report定位到文中第四段第一句：“900 million people already go hungry and 2 billion people are malnourished in spite of the fact that per capita food 　　production continues to increase，”they said.

　　詳解：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對(duì)水資源科學(xué)家研究報(bào)告的理解。文中第四段第一句指出，科學(xué)家們說(shuō)： “盡管人均糧食產(chǎn)量在持續(xù)增加，但仍有9億人正在挨餓，20億人營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，故答案為A)。B)“糧食供給量減少將使更多的人營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良”，文中說(shuō)的是人均糧食產(chǎn)量在持續(xù)增加，而非減少，故排除;C)“到2050年，70%的水將用來(lái)解決20億人口的飲水問(wèn)題”.文中指出是給額外的20億人種植食物，故排除;D)“研究者們開(kāi)始尋找解決水資源問(wèn)題的辦法”，水資源科學(xué)家研究報(bào)告中未提及這一點(diǎn)，故排除。

　　64.c)。由題干中的the problem of water supply和scientists believe定位到文中第六段第一句：Competition for water between food production and other uses will intensify pressure on essential esources，the scientists said.和第三句：…at a time when we also need to allocate more water to satisfy global energy demand…

　　詳解：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題考查科學(xué)家對(duì)于水資源供給的態(tài)度。文中第六段第一句指出，報(bào)告中提到，“聯(lián)合國(guó)預(yù)測(cè)，到本世紀(jì)中葉，我們必須增加70%的糧食產(chǎn)量。這會(huì)給本就緊張的水資源造成更大的壓力”。第三句指出，“與此同時(shí)，我們需要分配更多的水資源來(lái)滿足世界能源的需求”，故答案為c)。A)“更多的水資源應(yīng)該分配給能源生產(chǎn)”，這是聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告中陳述的一個(gè)事實(shí)，而不是科學(xué)家們的觀點(diǎn)，故排除;B)“到本世紀(jì)中葉，糧食產(chǎn)量必須增加到70%”，這個(gè)目標(biāo)是聯(lián)合國(guó)制定的而不是水資源科學(xué)家所為，故排除;D)“30年后電力資源使用人口將增加60%”，由該段最后一句可知，是增加60%的能源資源而不是使用人口，故排除。

　　65.A)。由題干中的the best solution to food insecurity in sub—Saharan Africa and south Asia定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段：A separate report from…Was to help協(xié)em invest in small pumps and simple technology，rather than to develop expensive，large—scale irrigation projects.

　　詳解：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查解決撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)及南亞缺水問(wèn)題的最佳途徑。定位段指出，在撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)和南亞地區(qū)，防止農(nóng)民遭受糧食危機(jī)的最好方法是幫助他們投資建造小型水泵和使用簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)，這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)好于開(kāi)發(fā)昂貴的、大規(guī)模的灌溉工程，故答案為A)。根據(jù)該段最后一句提到的rather than to develop expensive，large—scale irrigation projects，排除B)“發(fā)起大規(guī)模的灌溉工程”和D)“投資建立昂貴的新灌溉工程”;C)“增加當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊氖杖?rdquo;，這是改善水資源技術(shù)所帶來(lái)的接過(guò)，故排除。