2017年12月英語六級閱讀理解�？碱}及詳解

　　The Health Benefits of Drinking Water-ls Bottled Drinking Water Healthier Than Filtered Tap Water?

　　Water is a key ingredientin a healthy diet and lifestyle.There are many health benefits of drinking water.It helps flush impurities and toxins out of our systems.It aids in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients.Infact,nearly every system in our bodies relies on water for proper functioning.But what will happen if the water you drink every day is unhealthy?

　　In past decades,concerns about tap water and its impact on overall health led some people to turn to bottled drinking water instead.However,in those days,there were few choices of bottled waters.You could pay to have a company deliver large bulky plastic bottles of water for the water cooler.Or you could purchase gallon jugs of distilled or “drinking water”at the grocery store.

　　In recent years,there has been an explosion in the number of different bottled waters available,with big distributors such as Coke and Pepsi jumping on the bandwagon.But are bottled drinking waters like Coke's Dasani brand,Pepsi's Aquafina,or Wal-Mart's store brand really any healthier than your tap water? Or would you be better off with a drinking water filtration system?

　　As we have learned more about the water we drink.the technology behind drinking water filters and purification systems has improved dramatically.There are filters to remove impurities,chemicals,heavy metals,bacteria and most every contaminant you can think of.With the right size and filter combination for your specific home.your tap water can be exceptionally pure and healthy.

　　Cost Comparison

　　Drinking water filtration systems have also become more affordable and easy to use.Although the initial cost of a whole house system usually amounts to several hundred dollars,that cost is often less than $100 each year if spread out over the life of the system.

　　There may be additional expenses to replace carbon filters,membranes in reverse osmosis drinking water filtration system,or lamps in an ultraviolet light water treatment device.These expenses can add another $1000r so to the annual costs of operating drinking water filters and purification systems.

　　While some people may hesitate to spend so much each year for clean,safe drinking water,they are probably paying more for bottled drinking water.Calculations show that at a price of $l to $4 per gallon,bottled ordelivered water costs an average of $400 each year,especially if you purchase individual bottles.And that doesn't take into consideration the gas needed to drive to the store or the environmental impact of all the empty plastic bottles.

　　Health Aspects

　　Many people who choose bottled drinking water understand that it is more expensive, bue they are still willing to pay the extra money because bottled water is thought to be safer and healthier than filtered drinking water. After all,bottled water is often marketed as "natural spring water" or "pure glacier water."

　　In reality, few bottled waters come from natural springs, and most of them use municipal tap water. The companies are able to get away with this false marketing because the regulatians and standards for bottled drinking water are less stringent than those for residential drinking sources.

　　The quality of bottled water is regulated by the Food and Drug Administrarion (FDA), while drinking water systems are typically regulated by State regulations or the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This doesn't mean that the FDA isn't doing their job.It's just that the rules for bottled water only require it to be as good as tap water, not better.

　　In addition, the FDA regulations only apply to bottled drinking water that is transported across state lines. If a company sells their bottled drinking water in the same state where it was bottled, the federal regulations don't apply. The result is that many bottled waters are not any healthier than filtered water. and in fact some are less pure.

　　This was demonstrated in a study which was conducted in 1999 by the Natural Resources Defense Council. They tested over 100 brands of bottled drinking water and found that about one third of the waters comtained contamination in the form of chemicals. bacteria, and arsenic. The study also,found that up to forty percent of bottled drinking waters come from a city water system.

　　How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy

　　So how do you tell if the water you are drinking is healthy? With tap water,it is relativety easy. If your water comes from a municipal source. the suppliers are required by law to provide annual water quality reports.If you have a well, you can have an authorized lab test your water. It may cost $lOO or more, but it's a small price to pay for peace of mind.Or you can purchase a kit and test it yourself, but naturallythe results may not be as conclusive or reliable as those produced by authorized labs.

　　When it comes to bottled drinking water. it can be more difficult to know what you are getting.Start by checking the label or the bottle cap. Some may tell you that the water comes from a municipal source or "community water system." which means tap water.

　　If the label doesn't give any information, you can call the bottler and ask.But don't be surprised if you get the run around and are transferred to several different departments.Some states have a bottled water program that tracks bottled drinking water and can tell you the origin of the source water as well as other information.

　　Safe and healthy drinking water has become big business.Thousands of companies are vying for your hard earned cash,and some are not always honest about what their products offer.The initial investment for a home drinking water filtration system can seem expensive at first,but over time,it is usually less expensive than bottled drinking water.And with a wafer filter. you at least know where the water you drink camefrom and how it was treated.

　　Before going out and spending your hard earned money for bottled drinking water that may be no better thanyour own tap water,it is obviously a good idea to do some research.You are likely to decide that a drinking water filtration system and/or purifier is the healthier choice and provides the best value as well.

　　1.In past decades,bottled drinking water was____________________.

　　A) more popular than tap water

　　B) believed to be too expensive

　　C) inconveniently provided

　　D) restricted to few choices

　　2.Now,tap water can also become exceptionally pure and healthy if_________________.

　　A) more fund is provided for protecting water resources

　　B) a right filtration system is installed in your home

　　C) measures are taken to guide the water suppliers

　　D) our environment can be free from pollution

　　3.Operating drinking water filters and purification systems costs______________ every year.

　　A) several hundred dollars

　　B) less than a hundred dollar

　　C) about two hundred dollars

　　D) about a hundred dollar

　　4.One of the disadvantages of bottled water is that the plastic bottles would___________________.

　　A) have to be delivered back to the suppliers

　　B) bring about impact on the environment

　　C) not be as safe as glass bottles

　　D) increase the production cost

　　5.Generally,the companies that use municipal tap water as bottled water___________.

　　A) sell their water at a lower price

　　B) purify the water before bottling

　　C) are severely punished by law

　　D) can escape punishment by law

　　6.The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for supervising the quality of____________.

　　A) drinking water

　　B) bottled water

　　C) municipal tap water

　　D) underground water

　　7.In a study by____________, many bottled drinking water was found not to be as healthy as expected.

　　A) the Food and Drug Administration

　　B) the Environmental Protection Agency

　　C) the Natural Resources Defense Council

　　D) the National Association for Health Freedom

　　8.It is required that the quality of tap water by a municipal source be provided by its supplier in________________.

　　9.When the bottled water is claimed to come from a"community water system," it is actually_____________________.

　　10.If you need to know any information about the bottled water, you can either ask the bottler for it or get it from the state's__________________.

　　答案：

　　1.[D][定位]根據(jù)題干中的past decades和bottled drinking water查找到第2段。

　　解析：選項D是對原文該段第2句中的few choices的近義改寫，故為本題答案。該段最后一句提到了獲取瓶裝水的途徑，這些途徑都很方便，因此，選項C不正確。其余兩個選項均無原文依據(jù)。

　　2.[B][定位]根據(jù)題干中的tap water，pure，healthy等查找到第4段最后一句。

　　解析：原文該句中的filter combination與選項B中的filtration system所指相同，可見，選項B為本題答案。

　　3.[C][定位]根據(jù)題干中的cost，every year等查找到第1個小標(biāo)題Cost Com parison部分的開頭兩段。

　　解析：原文該部分首段和第2段分別列舉了使用飲用水過濾和凈化系統(tǒng)的花費，其中將首段末句提到的less than $100 each year和第2段末句提到的another $100 0r so相加，就是一年的總花費，由此可見，一年的總費用為大概$200，可見，本題應(yīng)選C。

　　4.[B][定位]根據(jù)題干中的disadvantages，bottled water，plastic bottles等查找到第1個小標(biāo)題Cost Comparison部分的末段末句。

　　解析：原文該段指出了瓶裝水的缺點，最后一句的environmental impact與選項B中的impact on the environment同義，因此本題答案為選項B。

　　5.[D][定位]根據(jù)題干中的companies，municipal tap water等查找到第2個小標(biāo)題Health Aspects部分的第2段。

　　解析：原文該段第2句中的get away with...表明虛假銷售的公司都不會受到懲罰，選項D中的escape punishment與get away基本同義，故選項D為本題答案。

　　6.[A][定位]根據(jù)題干中的Environmental Protection Agency查找到第2個小標(biāo)題Health Aspects部分的第3段首句。

　　解析：原文該句提到了FDA和EPA兩個機構(gòu)，以及它們各自的職能，后者負(fù)責(zé)管理drinking water systems，也就是說，EPA監(jiān)控drinking water的'質(zhì)量，因此本題答案為選項A。

　　7.[C][定位]根據(jù)題干中的study查找到第2個標(biāo)題Health Aspects部分的最后一段第1句。

　　解析：原文雖有提及選項A、B和C的三個機構(gòu)名稱，但只有選項C的機構(gòu)與study有關(guān)，原文沒有提及其他兩個機構(gòu)有參與任何的研究，因此，選項C為本題答案。

　　8.[the annual water quality reports]

　　[定位]根據(jù)題干中的quality,tap water, municipal source查找到第3個小標(biāo)題How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy郜分的首段第2、3句。

　　解析：空白處應(yīng)為名詞成分。原文這兩句都是針對tap water的內(nèi)容，題目是對這兩句話的近義改寫，只要對比兩句，就可發(fā)現(xiàn)題目缺了的部分為the annual water quality reports。

　　9.[tap water]

　　[定位]根據(jù)題干中的“community water system”雀找到第3個小標(biāo)題How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy部分的第2段末句。

　　解析：空白處應(yīng)為名詞成分或形容詞成分。原文該句末的非限制性定語從句是對之前信息的補充說明，表明這些瓶裝水的真正性質(zhì)，因此定語從句中的tap water為本題答案。

　　10.[bottled water program]

　　[定位]根據(jù)題干中的information，bottler和state's等詞查找到第3個小標(biāo)題How to Tell If Your Water Is Healthy部分的第3段末句。

　　解析：空白處應(yīng)為名詞成分。原文該段提供了獲得瓶裝水信息的兩個途徑，題目提到了前一個，后一個可從該段末句找到，根據(jù)state's這個提示，可以確定答案為bottled water program。