大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題
篇一：
The Ar t Of Bowing
The degree to which a bowing or lowering of thebody is emphasized varies from one culture toanother . In many cultures today the full bow orother dramatic lowering of the body is generallyreserved for formal occasions such as greeting ahead of state or monarch. For example, Britishcommoners standing before the queen or beinghonored by royalty in a ceremony of knighthood would be expected to bow, curtsey, or kneel.As part of their religious practices some Christians kneel, Catholics genuflect, and Muslimskowtow3 , an extreme form of body lowering in which the forehead is brought to the ground.Although bowing, as a worldwide phenomenon, has been on the decrease in recent decades, ithas survived in German culture and exists to an even greater degree in modern Japan, wherebows are an integral part of everyday social interaction . In the United States, however,bowing or any type of submissive body posture is particularly irritating, for it tends toconnote undue formality, aristocracy, and a nonverbal denial of egalitarianism. Nowhere isbowing more important to the process of communication today than in Japanese society. Asan indication of how pervasive bowing is in present-day Japan, some experts point out that“some female department store employees have the sole function of bowing to customers atdepartment store escalators and that many Japanese bow repeatedly to invisible partners atthe other end of a telephone line”. Bowing initiates interaction between two Japanese , itenhances and embellishes many parts of the ensuing conversation, and it is used to signalthe end of a conversation. Although Westerners, in a very general
sense, understand the meaning attached to bowing, appropriate bowing in Japan is anintricate and complex process. Reciprocal bowing is determined largely by rank. In fact, it ispossible to tell the relative social status of the two communicators by the depth of their bows (the deeper the bow, the lower the status) . When bowing deeply, it is conventional to leanslightly to the right to avoid bumping heads. The person of lower status is expected toinitiate the bow, and the person of higher status determines when the bow is completed.People of equivalent status are expected to bow at the same depth while starting andfinishing at the same time.
閱讀自測(cè)
Ⅰ. Are these statements True or False a ccording to the article ?
1. Nowadays the full bow or other dramatic lowering of the body is still widely acceptedaroundthe world.
2. Bowing is prevalent in Japan while the situation is quite different in America.
3. It is customary to lean slightly to the left to avoid bumping heads when bowing deeply.
�、�. Complete the sentence s with the proper forms of the words given in parentheses :
1. There is a __________( tend) that more and more people will move from cities to thecountryside.
2. He __________( repeat) fails to pass the exam.
3. A spirit of hopelessness__________ ( pervasive ) the country.
4. He is such a chauvinist that he expects his wife to be meek and __________( submit).
5. The government has__________ ( initial) a new house-building program.
參考答案
�、�. 1. F 2. T 3 . F
Ⅱ. 1. tendency 2. repeatedly 3 . pervaded 4 .submissive 5. initiated
參考譯文
鞠躬的藝術(shù)
文化不同, 鞠躬或彎腰的角度也大不相同。在今天的許多文化里, 深深鞠一躬或大幅度彎腰通常只有在正式場(chǎng)合中才會(huì)出現(xiàn), 比如向國(guó)家元首或君主致意。舉例來(lái)說(shuō), 英國(guó)平民站在女王面前或被王室加封為爵士時(shí)應(yīng)該鞠躬, 或行屈膝禮, 抑或屈膝下跪。在一些宗教儀式里, 基督教徒會(huì)下跪, 天主教徒會(huì)行屈膝禮, 而則會(huì)跪拜叩頭, 即將身體彎曲到極限, 直到前額貼地為止。作為一種世界性的文化現(xiàn)象, 近幾十年使用鞠躬這種禮節(jié)的人卻越來(lái)越少, 但鞠躬卻在德國(guó)文化中保存下來(lái), 在現(xiàn)代日本社會(huì)更是大為盛行, 在那里鞠躬已成為日常社會(huì)交往不可缺少的一部分。然而, 在美國(guó), 鞠躬或任何一種謙恭的身體姿勢(shì)都讓美國(guó)人極其反感, 因?yàn)檫@些舉動(dòng)往往意味著不必要的繁文縟節(jié)、貴族習(xí)氣, 以及對(duì)平等主義的一種非語(yǔ)言性否定。當(dāng)今, 沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)社會(huì)像日本社會(huì)一樣, 鞠躬在人際交往過(guò)程中如此重要。為了顯示鞠躬在當(dāng)今日本社會(huì)根深蒂固的程度, 一些專(zhuān)家指出,“ 在日本百貨商店里, 一些女雇員的工作就是在商店的自動(dòng)扶梯邊向顧客鞠躬, 而且有許多日本人會(huì)向電話(huà)線另一端看不見(jiàn)的人 不停地鞠躬。”鞠躬是兩個(gè)日本人交往的開(kāi)端, 在隨后的對(duì)話(huà)里鞠躬還起到推波助瀾和錦上添花的作用, 它還被用來(lái)暗示對(duì)話(huà)的結(jié)束。盡管西方人大致明白鞠躬所包含的意思, 但在日本, 恰到好處的鞠躬是非常復(fù)雜、很難把握的過(guò)程�；ハ嗑瞎饕怯缮鐣�(huì)等級(jí)決定的。事實(shí)上, 我們可以通過(guò)兩個(gè)人鞠躬的幅度來(lái)判斷他們相對(duì)的社會(huì)地位( 鞠躬幅度越大,社會(huì)地位就越低) 。當(dāng)兩個(gè)人互相深鞠一躬的時(shí)候, 按照常規(guī)他們會(huì)把頭微微斜向右邊, 以避免碰到對(duì)方的腦袋。兩個(gè)人中社會(huì)地位低的那個(gè)人應(yīng)該首先開(kāi)始鞠躬, 而地位高的人決定鞠躬結(jié)束的時(shí)間。地位相同的人互相鞠躬的時(shí)候, 鞠躬的幅度相同, 并且同時(shí)開(kāi)始, 同時(shí)結(jié)束。
篇二：
Posture Talks
In the United States, where“casualness”is considereda great virtue, people often sit with feet on chairs oreven desks. They sometimes sit with their backsides( buttocks) on tables and desks as a way ofexpressing their individuality or career attitude.They feel comfortable crossing their legs and sittingwith one ankle on the other knee . Poor posture —slumping oneself over while sitting in a chair and placing feet on whatever object is around — isa common U. S. behavior. It is designed to show that the person is casual, honest, sincere,and“ just one of the folks ”. In the United States, even millionaires, corporation presidents,government leaders, and movie stars try to pretend they are ordinary people by using“the U.S. slouch ”and“ the feet-on-the -furniture”maneuver.
Unfortunately, other countries interpret this behavior as being sloppy and as reflecting ageneral lack of alertness, interest, and respect. People from the United States do not usuallyrealize that what they regard as casualness is viewed very differently and very negatively bymany people around the world.
People in many cultures are expected to sit erect. Such cultures include many countriesin LatinAmerica, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. In the United States, slouching is acceptable and isa positive sign of being casual and friendly. In the United States, crossing legs is a sign of goodetiquette . Many cultures say thatcrossing legs is okay, but placing the ankle on the knee whilecrossing one’s legs is totally unacceptable .
One reason for not putting the ankle on the knee is that when you do so, one foot or the soleof the shoe is usually pointing at someone . This is a very severe insult in many countriesaround the world, especially Muslim countries. Under few circumstances should you point yourfoot at anyone , because the foot is cons idered the least sacred part of the body in manysocieties. In some countries such as Nepal, pointing the foot at a cow is an outrage , becausethe cow is a sacred animal. In Buddhist countries, pointing the foot at statue of the Buddha isa severe offense. Moving objects with the feet is very rude in Thailand, Nepal, and Taiwan. InBangladesh, you should not touch books with a foot or shoe; if you do, you must make anelaborate apology.
As you can tell, posture is a very strong messenger. It conveys much about a particu larperson. Posture ( in many cultures) says something about the person’s honesty, alertness,intelligence, religiousness, respect, and overall decency — or the opposite of all of these !Posture tells people whether they want to get to know a stranger, and it also tells what to thinkabout the people already known.
閱讀自測(cè)
Translate the sentences into English with the words in parentheses :
1. 這座紀(jì)念碑是為內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中犧牲的烈士們而建立的。( erect)
2. 我希望他不會(huì)因?yàn)槲揖芙^他的邀請(qǐng)而覺(jué)得受到了侮辱。( insult)
3. 他把我的沉默看作是軟弱的標(biāo)志。( interpret)
參考答案
1. This monument was erected in honour of the martyrs during the civil war.
2. I hope he won’t feel insulted if I turn down his invitation.
3. He interpreted my silence as a sign of weakness.
參考譯文
身體姿勢(shì)會(huì)說(shuō)話(huà)
在 美國(guó), 人們坐著的時(shí)候常常把雙腳放在椅子甚至桌子上, 在那里“ 不拘小節(jié)”被認(rèn)為是一種優(yōu)良品德。有時(shí), 他們坐在工作臺(tái)或辦公桌上, 以此來(lái)表達(dá)自己的個(gè)性或職業(yè)態(tài)度。美國(guó)人坐著的時(shí)候常會(huì)兩腿交叉, 他們覺(jué)得將一只腳踝放到另一條腿的膝蓋上很舒服。懶散地坐在椅子上, 并將雙腳隨便擱在近旁的一個(gè)東西上——— 這種姿勢(shì)很不雅觀, 但在美國(guó)相當(dāng)普遍。人們擺出這種姿勢(shì)旨在表明自己的隨意、誠(chéng)實(shí)和真誠(chéng), 告訴別人自己是“ 一個(gè)實(shí)在人”。在美國(guó), 即使是百萬(wàn)富翁、公司總裁、政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及電影明星都會(huì)做出“ 美國(guó)式的懶散樣子”和“ 腳放在家具上”的姿勢(shì), 借這種方式來(lái)表現(xiàn)自己也是一個(gè)普通人。不幸的是, 在其他國(guó)家里, 這種行為方式被視為邋遢隨便, 反映了擺出這種姿勢(shì)的人缺乏活力、興趣以及對(duì)他人的尊敬。美國(guó)人往往意識(shí)不到, 他們視為不拘小節(jié)的姿勢(shì)在世界上許多人的`眼里卻具有截然不同的、甚至十分消極的意義。許多文化認(rèn)為人坐著的時(shí)候要腰板挺直。持有這種觀點(diǎn)的國(guó)家包括拉丁美洲、亞洲、歐洲和中東的許多國(guó)家; 而在美國(guó), 懶散的姿勢(shì)是可以接受的, 是隨意和友好的明確標(biāo)志。在美國(guó), 交叉雙腿是有禮貌的標(biāo)志, 而許多文化認(rèn)為, 交叉雙腿是可以的, 但在交叉雙腿的時(shí)候?qū)⒛_踝放到膝蓋上是令人無(wú)法接受的。不能將腳踝放到膝蓋上的一個(gè)原因是, 當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候, 你的腳或鞋底通常是指向別人的。在許多國(guó)家里, 這種行為被視為是對(duì)別人的一種極大的侮辱, 特別在國(guó)家里更是如此。你不應(yīng)將腳指向任何人, 因?yàn)樵谠S多社會(huì)里, 腳被視為身體中最不神圣的一個(gè) 部位。在尼泊爾這樣的國(guó)家里, 將腳指向一頭牛是一種暴行, 因?yàn)榕Ｔ谀抢锉灰暈槭ノ铩?/p>
在佛教國(guó)家里, 將腳指向佛祖的塑像是對(duì)佛教的極大冒犯。在泰國(guó)、尼泊爾和臺(tái)灣, 用腳移動(dòng)物體是粗魯?shù)男袨�。在孟加拉�?guó), 你不能用腳或鞋接觸書(shū)籍。如果這樣做了, 你必須要認(rèn)真道歉。
如你所知, 身體姿勢(shì)能傳播很多信息。在許多文化里, 姿勢(shì)可以告訴人們一個(gè)人具有以下品質(zhì)——— 誠(chéng)實(shí)、機(jī)敏、聰明、信奉宗教、彬彬有禮、大方得體; 姿勢(shì)也可能讓人們知道這個(gè)人根本不具備這些美德! 身體姿勢(shì)告訴人們一個(gè)人是否想跟陌生人交往, 同樣也讓人們了解了一個(gè)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)的人。
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