英語四六級考試要求與各題型解題技巧
Part I 聽力
按照新的教學(xué)大綱的要求，四級學(xué)生在學(xué)完1-4級基礎(chǔ)階段的英語課程后，對所給的英語口頭材料應(yīng)達(dá)到一定的理解程度。對題材熟悉，內(nèi)容淺于課文，基本上無生詞、語速為130個單詞的材料，一遍可以聽懂，準(zhǔn)確率不低于70%。
通過對歷年試卷的聽力部分所作的題項分析，充分表明考生聽力的高低完全取決于他們是否具備了以下4個方面的基礎(chǔ)：
一.堅實的語言基礎(chǔ)
二.一定的文化背景知識
三.基本的聽力技能
四.正確有效的聽音習(xí)慣
聽力材料的選材原則一般基于以下三點：
一.對話部分為校園生活中的一般對話，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容不太復(fù)雜
二.短文部分的材料是題材熟情節(jié)不太復(fù)雜的故事、講話或敘述等
三.所用詞匯不超過教學(xué)大綱詞匯表規(guī)定的范圍
解題技巧
1.對話
1）提前閱讀選項，判斷問題所屬，從而集中精力于有關(guān)信息
2）注意根據(jù)信息詞匯判斷地點和說話人的身份職業(yè)等
3）注意加減運算，聽到的不是答案
4）注意記筆記，將人物、地點、時間等對號入座
5）從語法、短語含義入手，判斷隱含之意
2.短文
1）提前閱讀選項，增加聽的目的性和針對性
2）注意把握首尾句，從整體上理解全文，這同樣有利于主題題的解答
3）聽時記筆記，以掌握文章的主要細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。邊聽文章邊看選項，按照聽的順序給選項標(biāo)號。
最后再強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，大家要學(xué)會充分利用放Direction的時間，這個時候可以用來分析選項，對將要聽到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行一些猜測和分析；另外在每道題目之間有約20秒鐘的間隔，希望也能充分運用，來分析下一道題目的選項。
Part II 閱讀理解
按照新的教學(xué)大綱的要求，四級學(xué)生在學(xué)完1-4級基礎(chǔ)階段的英語課程后應(yīng)該能夠每分鐘閱讀50個英語詞，這樣的閱讀速度意味著每小時能讀約10頁原版書，具有相當(dāng)?shù)膶嵱脙r值。大學(xué)英語考試的試卷構(gòu)成中閱讀部分占時35分鐘。根據(jù)上述閱讀速度的要求，四級的閱讀材料篇幅約為1，000詞。部分學(xué)生不具備這樣的閱讀速度，常常來不及在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)讀完全部材料，當(dāng)然會影響閱讀部分的得分。
大學(xué)英語考試中的閱讀理解部分主要測試下述能力：
1.掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意
2.了解說明主旨和大意的事實和細(xì)節(jié)
3.既理解字面意思，也能根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷和推論
4.既理解個別句子的意義，也能理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系
各類題型干擾項特點
1. 詞匯語義題
1）與上下文并不相吻合的我們所熟悉的定義
2）與上下文似乎相吻合的錯誤定義
3）出現(xiàn)在上下文中的與本詞詞性相同的詞
4）問及指代詞時，干擾項一般是上下文中出現(xiàn)的名詞或名詞短語
2.主旨大意題干擾項特點
1）覆蓋面太大，太籠統(tǒng)，大大超出了短文論述的范圍
2）覆蓋面太窄，在內(nèi)容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要點
3）僅為短文的某一要點或某一細(xì)節(jié)
4）與短文內(nèi)容擦邊，但偏離文章主題
5）與文章內(nèi)容毫不相干，或與文章內(nèi)容相悖
3.細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項特點
1）與短文細(xì)節(jié)部分相吻合，部分相悖
2）是短文細(xì)節(jié)，但不是要點或主要論據(jù)
3）是短文細(xì)節(jié)，但不符合題干要求，題干指向的應(yīng)在短文其他位置
4）與常識相吻合但短文未提及
5）明顯與短文細(xì)節(jié)不符，相反或短文為提及
4. 邏輯推理題干擾項特點
1）不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理而得出了觀點
2）雖然可以以文章提供的事實或內(nèi)在推理為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行推理，但推理過頭，概括過度
3）是短文內(nèi)容的簡單重述，而非推而論之
4）似推論得知，但實與原文內(nèi)容主題相矛盾
5）與常識相吻合，但非從短文內(nèi)容推論得出
6）偏離文章主題，屬主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，推理過頭，概括過度
5.觀點態(tài)度題干擾項特點
通過對歷年真題的分析，在考查學(xué)生推測作者觀點態(tài)度的是，一般正確選項要么是肯定，要么是否定，且以否定態(tài)度居多；一般出現(xiàn)的中性詞語大多為干擾項目。
Part IV 簡短回答
簡短回答主要考核考生對英語書面材料的確切理解能力。每次考試為一篇文章，文章后有5個問題或不完整的句子。要求在閱讀文章之后用不超過10個單詞的簡短英語（可以是句子，也可以是單詞或短語）回答所提的問題或補(bǔ)足不完整的句子�？荚嚂r間是15分鐘。文章大概在300字左右，文章類型與難易度與閱讀理解部分的類似。該題型除了檢驗學(xué)生對文章的理解外，還測試學(xué)生對英語的基本語法知識的掌握程度，對語言文字的表達(dá)、駕馭能力。
評分準(zhǔn)則
1）本題要求讀后回答5個所提問題或補(bǔ)足不完整的句子
2）本題雖為簡答題，但回答不全者扣分
3）有自相矛盾處扣分
4）照抄原文者扣分
5）答非所問者扣分
6）答多者扣分
7）正確的回答里有語法錯誤部分扣分
8）回答多余部分如有語法錯誤同樣扣分
命題傾向剖析及應(yīng)試技巧
簡答題主要考三種題型：主旨大意題、事實細(xì)節(jié)題、推理題，而以事實細(xì)節(jié)題考得最多(約70%)。
1. 主旨大意題
此類題型在三年中考得較少。做此類題要求考生用最簡潔而又內(nèi)涵豐富的詞或短語高度概括文章的中心思想。許多考生的難處是短文看懂了，中心意思也知道，就是不知如何表達(dá)出來。此時，考生關(guān)鍵是找到主題句，通過對主題句進(jìn)行"手術(shù)"，就能找到最佳答案。而主題句通常都在段首或段末，有時是一疑問句或一簡單句，且具有語法上的獨立性。關(guān)鍵詞有“in short”、“in my opinion”、“that is”、“therefore”、“I believe/suggest/think”、 “in fact”等。
2. 事實細(xì)節(jié)題
此類題型是簡答題考查最多題型，考查形式多樣，下面一一剖析。
(1)描述性題目能直接從原文中找到答案。此類細(xì)節(jié)題答案一般是句子謂語或賓語等主干成分，考生略做變化即能寫出答案。
(2)因果型的題目短文中能直接找到原因或結(jié)果。通常表原因的關(guān)鍵詞有：for that reason, for, as, because, since, as a result of, owing to, thanks to等。表結(jié)果的關(guān)鍵詞有：as a result, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly, so�？忌喿x時要注意這些詞后面的內(nèi)容。
(3)范例型題目：需要概括答案的。表示舉例的關(guān)鍵詞有：for example, such …as, for instance, that is, as follow等�？忌鷮@些詞后面的內(nèi)容要注意。
(4)對照比較型題目：對照比較目的在于所涉及的兩個事物之間的不同或相似之處,進(jìn)而說明主題.表對照的關(guān)鍵詞有：however、nevertheless、in contrast、 on the other hand、but、yet、while等。表比較的詞有：likewise、in the same way、as if、as等。
(5)描寫敘述型題目：需要變換詞法或句型。此類題句子內(nèi)容和表達(dá)詞在原文中能找到，考生關(guān)鍵是進(jìn)行時態(tài)的變換、句型的轉(zhuǎn)換。在替換過程中切勿因粗心犯了不該犯的`錯誤，如時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)和動名詞等。)
3. 推理題
這類題型主要包括兩種：描述事實基礎(chǔ)上推理和邏輯上的推理。
(1)在描述事實事礎(chǔ)上的推理題�？忌灰诿枋黾�(xì)節(jié)句子范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行推理，不必顧及整體文章大旨，以防干擾。
(2)通過前后句以及上、下文內(nèi)在邏輯進(jìn)行推理。此類題一般針對主題思想、作者意圖而設(shè)計的�？忌⒁馐拙洹⒍挝簿浜捅硎巨D(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系的一些詞，如：but, however, yet, in short, as, although, as a result, because, since, therefore, thus, so等。
解題步驟
1）有的放矢，預(yù)讀問題，做到心中有數(shù)
2）五、六分鐘讀完全文，劃出反映文章結(jié)構(gòu)的成分，把握文章主題和主要事實細(xì)節(jié)
3）一遍解答容易的問題，文章的閱讀最多兩遍
4）盡量用自己的語言組織答案，而且答案要簡潔、扼要、書寫要工整清晰，要注意大小寫，爭取以最簡單易懂的詞句來說明問題
5）答案一定要寫在該題所要求寫的地方，以避免答非所問之嫌，而影響得分
Part V 寫作
能在閱讀難度與課文相仿的書面材料時做筆記，回答問題，寫提綱和摘要，能就一定的話題，提綱，表格或圖示在半小時內(nèi)寫出不少于120詞的短文，能寫日常應(yīng)用文（信函，簡歷），內(nèi)容完整，條理清晰，文理通順。
四級寫作的要求
一、評分原則
1.CET是檢查考生是否達(dá)到大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的教學(xué)要求，對作文的評判應(yīng)以此要求為準(zhǔn)則
2.CET作文題采用總體(Global Scoring)評分方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分(Reward Scores)，而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)量扣分。
3.從內(nèi)容和語言兩個方面對作文進(jìn)行綜合評判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目做規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達(dá)，要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而適切地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。
4.避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分，包括滿分；該給低分的給低分，包括0分。一名閱卷人員在所評閱的全部作文卷中不應(yīng)只給中間的幾種分?jǐn)?shù)。
二、評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.本題滿分為15分
2.閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。各有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷一至二份。
3.閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對照樣卷評分，若認(rèn)為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)（如8分）相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)（即8分）；若認(rèn)為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù)，則可加一分（即9分）。但不得加或減半分。
4.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
2分——條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎。
5分——基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。大部分句子均有錯誤，切多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。
8分——基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。
11分——切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。
14分——切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好�；旧蠠o語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。
白卷，作文與題目毫不相關(guān)，或只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達(dá)思想，則給0分。
篇幅：120字
達(dá)不到字?jǐn)?shù)要求的，要酌情扣1-5分；
90-99 扣1分，80-90扣2分，70-79扣3分，60-69扣5分，50-59扣7分，<49扣9分
布局：三段式
只寫一段為0-4分，只寫兩段0-9分；
大學(xué)英語六級真題詞匯強(qiáng)化練習(xí)五
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
21 As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _______ it.
A) postpone B) refuse
C) delay D) cancel
22 These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _______ you need.
A) all the information B) all the informations
C) all of information D) all of the informations
23 Not until the game had begun _______ at the sports ground.
A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived
C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived
24 Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.
A) conservative B) content
C) confident D) generous
25 Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _______.
A) granted B) implied
C) exaggerated D) remedied
26 These surveys indicate that many crimes go _______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.
A) unrecorded B) to be unrecorded
C) unrecording D) to have been unrecorded
27 I have no objection _______ your story again.
A) to hear B) to hearing
C) to having heard D) to have heard
28 The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position.
A) curiosity B) status
C) determination D) significance
29 By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind.
A) accurate B) urgent
C) excessive D) adequate
30 You will see this product _______ wherever you go.
A) to be advertised B) advertised
C) advertise D) advertising
31 The early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to settle on the new land.
A) go along with B) go back on
C) go through D) go into
32 The suggestion that the major _______ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A) would present B) present
C) presents D) ought to present
33 Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A) whose B) which
C) that D) what
34 Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _______ at the next town.
A) to stop B) stopping
C) stop D) having stopped
35 I didn’t know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary.
A) look out B) make out
C) refer to D) go over
36 The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.
A) to be based on B) to base on
C) which to base on D) on which to base
37 There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A) that B) which
C) in which D) whose
38 I think I was at school, _______ I was staying with a friends during the vacation when I heard the news.
A) or else B) and then
C) or so D) even so
39 It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students.
A) partial B) beneficial
C) preferable D) liable
40 In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _______ trouble over the figures.
A) extensive B) spare
C) extra D) supreme
41 - “May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?”
- “I’m sorry. Mr. Williams _______ to a conference long before then.”
A) will have gone B) had gone
C) would have gone D) has gone
42 You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A) shouldn’t follow B) mustn’t follow
C) couldn’t’ have been following D) shouldn’t have been following
43 The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.
A) have allowed B) allow
C) allowing D) allows
44 Everybody _______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.
A) assembled B) accumulated
C) piled D) joined
45 Putting in a new window will _______ cutting away part of the roof.
A) include B) involve
C) contain D) comprise
46 Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the least.
A) with which B) for which
C) of which D) which
47 In the _______ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.
A) face B) time
C) event D) course
48 The manager would rather his daughter _______ in the same office.
A) had not worked B) not to work
C) does not work D) did not work
49 _______, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A) Although much he likes her B) Much although he likes her
C) As he likes her much D) Much as he likes her
50 The British constitution is _______ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.
A) within B) to
C) by D) at
參考答案：
21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. B
31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. C
41. A 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. B
英語四級閱讀技巧--事實細(xì)節(jié)題解題規(guī)律
命題規(guī)律
1、列舉處�？�
列舉處指的是 First,...,Second ,...,Third,..., 等并列關(guān)系詞出現(xiàn)的部分。要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中 , 選出符合題干要求的答案項。列舉方式有時不用數(shù)字排序 , 而是采取句式排比的方式進(jìn)行。
2、 舉例與打比方的地方�？�
為了使自己的觀點更具有說服力，更加明確 ，作者常以具體的例子來佐證。這些例子或比喻常會成為考點，因此考生應(yīng)對那些引出這些例子或比喻的標(biāo)志詞加以注意。這類詞很多，常見的有as, such, for example, for instance, a case, in point 等。
3、 （指示）代詞出現(xiàn)處�？�
這類考題 ,常用來考查考生是否真正理解上下文之間的句際關(guān)系和意義。
4、 引用人物論斷處常考
作者為正確表達(dá)自己觀點或使論點更有依據(jù) , 常會引用某些權(quán)威人士的論斷或采納其重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此處作文章。
5、 特殊標(biāo)點符號后的內(nèi)容�？�
由于特殊標(biāo)點符號后的內(nèi)容常是對前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明， 因此命題者常對標(biāo)點符號后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。具體說，特殊標(biāo)點符號包括：破折號（表解釋），括號（表解釋），冒號（表解釋），引號（表引用）。
答題技巧
若針對舉例子、引用名人言論、特殊符號 ( 如冒號、引號、破折號 ) 后內(nèi)容出題 , 可只讀例子、名人言論、符號前后句內(nèi)容 , 然后與選項對號入座。
例題：
CET4 1999 年1月第2篇
President Coolide's statgnent,"The business of America is b11sines,"still point to an important truth today --that business institution have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Q:The statement "The business of America is business"probably means__.
[A]the business institution in America are concerned with commerce
[B]business problems are of great importance to the American governmenthinmis
[C]business is of primary concern to Americans
[D]Aameric is a great power in world business
正確答案是 [C]
根據(jù)引號及其內(nèi)容很快找到原文相關(guān)部分，其后的破折號必是對該句的解釋。因此考生不必在原文所引內(nèi)容的兩個busine為何意上絞盡腦汁，只須理解破折號后內(nèi)容，其意思是：美國商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)在美國社會中享有的威望比包括政府在內(nèi)的其他所有機(jī)構(gòu)都要高。這個意思與選項 [C]中的"primary concern"(頭等大事)相對應(yīng)，故選[C]。
如果題目只是針對某一段的內(nèi)容提間，可只看該段內(nèi)容即可答題，而不必等到把文章全看完才做。
例題： CET6 2002年12月第29題
In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states; average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today.But,as most studies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims.And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system,it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.
Q:After 1972 workers'compensation insurance in the U.S became more favorable to workers so that___.
[A]the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically
[B]more money was allocated to their compensation system
[C]there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims
[D]the number of workers suing for damages increased
正確答案是 [D]
根據(jù)題干中的"after 1972"可馬上判斷出線索在最后一段。這一段的大意是說自1972年后，越來越多的人因工傷索賠而獲益，所以越來越多的人就進(jìn)行索賠，那么也就有醫(yī)生和律師也來分一杯羹。尤其第二句話提到：索賠獲益每增加10個百分點，進(jìn)行索賠的工人人數(shù)就增加了5個百分點，與[D]一致。
選項中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案項，而同義詞替換的選項一般是答案。
例題：CET4 1997年6月第3篇
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31a.m.on a holiday when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition,changes made to the constructions codes in Los Angeles during the last 2O years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways,making them more resistant to earthquake.
Q:One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that____.
[A]new computers had been installed in the buildings
[B]it occurred in the residential rather than on the highways
[C]large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
[D]improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways
正確答案是 [D]
在四個選項中[C]項和[D]都與原文有關(guān)。但[C]達(dá)似乎照抄原文“the quake occurred…on a holiday”，但實際上是對原文的曲解。原文中并沒有說大多Los Angeles的居民們外出度假了，只是說了當(dāng)時的交通情況。而選項[D]中的improvement 是對“change made to the construction codes”的解釋，是change在該文中的同義替換詞，因此[D]是正確答案。
選項中表達(dá)意義較具體，或膚淺地表達(dá)了字面意思的，一般不是答案項，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項。
例題：CET4 2000年1月第1篇
Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences are if the event occurs.Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might srike Earth once every 500,000 years.
Q:What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?
[A]It is very unlikely but the danger exists.
[B]Such a collision might occur every 25 years.
[C]Collidons d smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.
[D]It's still ear1y to say whether such a collision might occur.
正確答案是 [A]
依據(jù)節(jié)選文中最后一句可知雖然小行星每 50 萬年才撞擊地球一次 , 但此事總是有可能發(fā)生的。在四個選項中 , 只有 [A] 項 " 小行星與地球碰撞的可能性不大 , 但這種危險是存在的 " 最具概括性。因此 [A] 項正確。
選項內(nèi)容與其他三項有較大差別的 , 可能為答案。
例題：CET4 1996年6月第3篇
Most our patients(注:指上文中提到的terminally iil patients) welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly,honestly,and frankly about their trouble.Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed,to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near.
Q:The need of a dying patient for company shows____.
[A]his desire for communication with other people
[B]his fear of approaching death
[C]his pessimistic attitude towards his condition
[D]his reluctance to part with his family
正確答案是 [A]
若時間不充分，在緊急狀態(tài)下，對四個選項進(jìn)行對比后可發(fā)現(xiàn)選項[A]內(nèi)容與眾不同，其他三 項均表明了對死亡來臨時悲觀的心情，如恐懼、悲觀、不情愿等，只有[A]表明了渴望與他人交流的意愿。當(dāng)然若時間充分可對原文相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析， 以選文第一句為例，其意為：多數(shù)病人想與他人坦誠地談?wù)勛约旱穆闊┖屠Щ�。由此可見，這是一種對交流的渴望，因而選[A]。
答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。這些語氣詞有 :must,always,never,the most,al1,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,hardly 等。而選項中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有： could,may,often,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily等。
在議論文中那些符合一般常識的選項，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般性規(guī)律，屬于普通現(xiàn)象的選項往往是答案項。
例題：CET6 2002年1月第30題
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise.Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy.If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
Q:The primary solution to environmental problems is____.
[A]to allow market forces to operate properly
[B]to curb consumption of natural resources
[C]to limit the growth of the world population
[D]to avoid fluctuations in prices
正確答案是 [A]
本題題干是問解決環(huán)境問題的基本方法是什么，四個選項中[D]項“避免價格波動”與題干無關(guān)，[B]項“限制自然資源的消耗”和[C]項“控制世界人口的增長”雖然有利于環(huán)境問題的解決，但不是基本解決方法。故[A]項為正確答案。由文章最后一段話說：在價格和市場手段不能正常運轉(zhuǎn)的地方便會出現(xiàn)環(huán)境、能源等問題，可以推出：環(huán)境問題的解決之道便在于讓市場、價格手段正常地發(fā)揮作用，從而驗證[A]項正確。
細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項特點：(1)與原句內(nèi)容相反；(2)與原文內(nèi)容一半相同一半不同；(3)與原句內(nèi)容相似但過于絕對化；(4)原文中根本沒提到。
自我測試一：
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep.Jerome M.Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half brain sleep"is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山)".He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
Q:By "just the tip of the iceberg",Siegel suggests that____.
[A]half brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
[B]the mystery of half?brain sleep is close to being solved
[C]most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers
[D]half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species
參考答案：
答案為[D]。根據(jù)引號內(nèi)容很快找到原文相關(guān)部分，其后的內(nèi)容必是對該問的解釋。第二句中說加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的Ferome M.Siegel推測鳥類的半腦睡眠現(xiàn)象只是冰山露出來的一角。第三句說如果我們對其他物種作進(jìn)一步認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的觀察，可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的例證，所以D正確。因此只要理解第二句、第三句的意思即可選出正確答案。 這一題是屬于考特殊標(biāo)點符號后的內(nèi)容
自我測試二：
1. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak,and act similarly, on the job at least.
Q:According to the passage,people wearing uniforms___.
[A]are usually helped
[B]have little or no individual freedom
[C]tend to lose their individuality
[D]enjoy greater popularity
2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
Q:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that____.
[A]their social roles are rigidly determined
[B]most boys would like to follow their fathers professions
[C]boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
[D]they like challenging activities
3. When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy（吝嗇的）taxpayers.There is some truth to that;the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state average.But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point.Their aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.
Q:We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded_____.
[A]mainly by the state government
[B]exclusively by the local government
[C]by the National Education Association
[D]by both the local and state government
參考答案：
1.答案是[C]。在時間不充裕情況下，我們粗略對照原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)對“穿制服”的討論與individuality有關(guān)。四個選項中，[B和[C]涉及這一內(nèi)容，而[刨項中由于使用“l(fā)ittle”和“no”使語氣過于絕對，[C]項則使用語氣較為緩和的“tend to”，因此可確定[C]為正確答案。但是切記，若時間來得及，一定要返回原文有關(guān)部分驗證答案，原文大意是：反對穿制服者的基本觀點是制服缺少多樣化，因此會使穿制服的人也失去個性。
答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。
2.答案是[A]。四個選項中，[A]項與其他幾項相比符合人們對男女角色的普遍認(rèn)識，而其他三項都有偏頗之處。 再返回原文，就在題干所涉及的句子之后，出現(xiàn)了[A]項關(guān)鍵詞“social roles，rigidly determined”等，再次驗證[A]， 因而選[A]。
議論文中符合一般常識的選項，富有深刻哲理，符合一般規(guī)律的選項。
3.快速閱讀本段可知答案在[A]、[B]、[D]選項中，選項[A]和選項[B]說得過于絕對，[D]項用了both…and句型，所以[D]為正確答案。但是，如果時間來得及，一定要到原文中驗證答案。由本段第一句話中“students as victims of stingy taxpayers”和第二句話中提到的當(dāng)?shù)氐亩惵瘦^低這一點可知，當(dāng)?shù)氐慕逃?jīng)費一部分來自于地方的稅收；再由本段最后一句話中“the states share of school funding”可知，州政府也分擔(dān)教育經(jīng)費。故驗證[D]為正確答案。
答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案。
六級復(fù)習(xí)計劃：精聽泛聽結(jié)合 真題模擬題兼顧
針對CET-6復(fù)習(xí)計劃
聽力部分：分三部分
1.精聽 《20天20分》堅持每天上午聽20-30分鐘。
方法：①按書中的順序和思維把題目完成，包括指導(dǎo)的方法，聽力訓(xùn)練（初次聽的時候不能每道題目反復(fù)聽，應(yīng)該集中精力象考試一樣一氣呵成。看看自己的正確率）以及課后的講解（不用按書上寫的天數(shù)復(fù)習(xí)，把每天的內(nèi)容分散開來，別集中的囫圇吞棗，可以按照掌握的程度比如3天學(xué)一課）。
�、谧鐾暌徽n以后，重新把聽力訓(xùn)練的題目拿來，再繼續(xù)聽（注意第一了解大意后，聽寫出來，然后背并默出來，默寫直到無誤為止。此時要結(jié)合書中對這些題目考點和詞匯的分析，做到把重要的詞匯和句型融會貫通。在正式考試時候，也要一邊聽一邊適當(dāng)?shù)淖鲆恍┕P記（主要是細(xì)節(jié)，只要自己懂的標(biāo)記就好，不能影響聽的效果），以加強(qiáng)記憶。
2.精聽 真題（每天下午做）按上面的方法。
3.泛聽《新概念3》每天上午10分鐘左右。帶有欣賞和放松的性質(zhì)。體會英文表達(dá)方式的精妙之處。
詞匯部分：資料:任何一本六級詞匯手冊
方法：①每晚臨睡前15-20分鐘雷打不動，可以在床上并不動筆，但要迅速記憶并在心中拼寫。每次要首先復(fù)習(xí)以前背過的單詞�？梢宰约嚎甲约�，以檢查記憶情況。
②可用鉛筆在書上做標(biāo)記，、一些名詞和肯定掌握的一看就會的可以標(biāo)記上，復(fù)習(xí)的時候也不用看它，可以節(jié)省時間。對于一些用法較多的可以多花時間看，但是著重看考點。
切忌：不要一個單詞看半天，重要的是重復(fù)（保證每個單詞至少看過7遍以上），還有默念，尤其注意發(fā)音（做到以后再聽力中可以聽出來）以及這個單詞的歷年考點(還不知道詞匯手冊上有否)。
閱讀理解：資料 ⑴真題
⑵新概念3
方法：㈠ 真題
�、賹τ谡骖}，每開始做新的一套的時候都要嚴(yán)格按六級考試的時間在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)完成，可以不寫作文。然后對答案，給自己評分。這樣有助于掌握自己提高的動向，而且隨著成績的提高也給自己信心。
在做題的過程中，我建議要先看一下每篇文章后的問題（注意：不看選項以免浪費時間）。有類似某某詞匯可用什么代替或是什么意思之類的題目可以提醒你在閱讀的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)，從而避免看到題目后又回去滿篇找詞。這樣帶著問題進(jìn)行閱讀，而且每篇文章的第一句話和段首段尾句都要讀懂，或者說是仔細(xì)看尤其是第一句話，可以多看幾遍。聽我的沒有錯。
然后：開始做題。其中的關(guān)鍵是每一道題必須回到原文中找到出處-也就是能夠證明這道題正確答案的部分，千萬不要憑印象，憑經(jīng)驗。最后注意的是除非覺得百分之九十是錯了，否則千萬別改。第一印象往往是對的。
②做完一套以后就是精讀了，要求比較高。對照后面的答案和譯文首先搞清楚自己到底錯在哪里了。是差在沒有讀懂，還是單詞不認(rèn)識還是馬虎。這是第一步，然后從頭到尾每個語法結(jié)構(gòu)，每個指代，每個短語，每個常難句的細(xì)摳。直到弄懂為止。當(dāng)然此過程中筆記是不能少的了，千萬別偷懶。反正只要是影響你讀懂的地方全要拿來分析。這項工作費時費力，但是很見效果。一般每套至少要用3-5個小時，當(dāng)然詞匯（Vocabulary）也要這樣細(xì)摳。不同之處在于你會的題目略過，完全掌握的單詞也要略過。這樣你的筆記上就篩出了你沒有掌握的單詞。等到考試之前再看一遍。什么叫做把書讀薄可以理解了吧！
㈡新概念3
反正是補(bǔ)充的經(jīng)典閱讀嘛，重要程度自然不比真題。但是學(xué)習(xí)的路子還是一樣的。反正做題貴在精而不在多。
有時間還是背誦一下，最好在上午。這樣可以加強(qiáng)你的語感。到時候蒙對的概率也高一些。當(dāng)然如果時間來得及可以拿磁帶練習(xí)聽寫。那水平就更高了。
改錯，完型：
基本上是本人的弱項，不過多多研究，覺得考試的時候保底的分?jǐn)?shù)還是可以拿到的。
改錯無非是詞匯，語法類錯誤和邏輯錯誤。前面的詞匯，語法類錯誤我個人覺得還不是很難，多多留意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，動詞的時態(tài)，非謂語形式等，形容詞副詞的比較級最高級，介詞的搭配，近義詞的誤用等等。
比較頭痛的是邏輯錯誤，而這個也是命題者越來越喜歡的出題點。命題者喜歡用一些詞把句子搞成和文章思路相反。我覺得需要注意一些連詞，有感情色彩的詞等，看看是不是應(yīng)該換成其他的連詞，或者應(yīng)該用該詞的反義詞。這個卻是我的常項。實際上，改錯也就是在考閱讀，閱讀水準(zhǔn)提高了，改錯也不會顯得難了。我就省點筆墨吧。你也別太懶了，自己總結(jié)點也和我分享一下。反正我覺得你要是按照上面的方法做了那么僅僅想Pass CET-6應(yīng)該是沒有問題。
“跨越四六級”之第三周模擬考題及答案解析
完形填空（適用四六級）
Starting several days ago, Salon.com is hoping some users will pay $30 per year for ad-free pages. These pages will _1_ users the ads, and give more _2_ including extra columns, and audio downloads of F. Scott Fitzgerald short stories. _3_ , users could continue to use the free site --- _4_ bigger, louder ads put on the web to _5_ the perceived ineffectiveness of _6_ banner ads on the tops of Web pages.
_7_ , with the exception _8_ The Wall Street Journal, which also _9_ Web ads, paid Internet sites have been unsuccessful. _10_ , an industry analyst believes the choice between a traditional site and an ad-free subscription site may become a _11_ in coming months, _12_ large interactive ads replace or _13_ traditional banner ads and demand more attention _14_ Web users. “My prediction is that as these interactive ads are _15_ and put on these sites, because they’re more undesirably noticeable , people will be more _16_ to paying for content that is ad-free,” says Denise Garcia, research director for media at Gartner, Inc.
Salon, an economically sick Web magazine, has had to lay _17_ about a third of its staff in recent months. It hopes the _18_ will bring _19_ much-needed revenue, but does not see it as a sure method to _20_ make the site profitable, a spokesman says.
1. A) provide B) spare C) give D) bring
2. A) personalities B) characters C) marks D) features
3. A) Or B) However C) Though D) Therefore
4. A) except B) despite C) although D) and
5. A) protect B) combat C) increase D) contradict
6. A) later B) latter C) current D) formal
7. A) Additionally B) Traditionally C) Essentially D) Presumably
8. A) to B) as C) at D) in
9. A) makes B) transforms C) performs D) runs
10. A) Presently B) So C) Though D) However
11. A) habit B) trend C) way D) instruction
12. A) when B) while C) as D) though
13. A) supplement B) put C) provide D) compensate
14. A) at B) to C) from D) in
15. A) implemented B) subscribed C) set D) prescribed
16. A) willing B) open C) tend D) likely
17. A) out B) aside C) down D) off
18. A) behavior B) move C) motion D) movement
19. A) in B) about C) at D) forth
20. A) instantly B) predictably C) constantly D) contemporarily
改錯 （適用于六級）
Many Americans mindlessly oppose hunting. They do so even in
cases where animal populations are dangerous high. In 1._______________
some areas of Alaska, wolves have become so rare that they 2________________
are running out of hunting ground and prey heavily on
moose, deer, and occasionally dogs. In past, game 3_______________
managers curbed wolf populations for trapping and aerial 4_______________
hunting without wiping away the species. Still, whenever 5______________
they propose do this nowadays, they receive tens 6_______________
of thousands letters of protest. Growing deer populations in 7________________
parts of California threat to starve themselves out. Seaotter 8_______________
colonies, booming in the Pacific coast, are fast running 9________________
out of food, too, as good as putting commercial fisher- 10____________
men out of business.
本周作文：（四級120字，六級150字）
1、 隨著社會發(fā)展，近年來出現(xiàn)了一個令人擔(dān)心的社會問題，人與人之間的信任程度降低了（舉例）
2、 這個問題所帶來的不良后果
3、 解決問題的辦法。
完形填空答案（適用四六級）
1. B) spare
2. D) features
3. A) Or
4. B) despite
5. B) combat
6. C) current
7. B) Traditionally
8. A) to
9. D) runs
10. D) However
11. B) trend
12. C) as
13. A) supplement
14. C) from
15. A) implemented
16. B) open
17. D) off
18. B) move
19. A) in
20. A) instantly
改錯答案 （適用于六級）
1.dangerous dangerously
2.rare numerous
3.in past in the past
4.for by
5.away out
6.do doing
7.thousands letters thousands of letters
8.threat threaten
9.in along
10.good well
2016年12月四級作文預(yù)測：社會熱點
注：本文源自“世外桃源(www.4wai.com)——全球第一個虛擬國家”
五、社會熱點問題
1、Why Do People Like to Buy Lottery
(1)?目前社會上流行著各種各樣的彩票，有許多人在購買彩票；
(2)?為什么有那么多的人購買彩票呢？
［參考范文］
Nowadays, there are all kinds of lotteries in our society. Wherever you go, you will see the advertisements of lotteries on TV, on newspapers, in the streets and so on. These lotteries are divided into welfare lottery, sports lottery, computer lottery, and so forth. Meanwhile, there are quite a few people buying them.
But why are there so many people buying lotteries? Why are the lotteries so popular? In my opinion , there are three reasons for this. First, most people are trying their luck on lottery tickets. They have a long-cherished dream of making big money overnight. Second, some people just like it and it can make their life more colorful.
Finally, there are some people who want to make donation to public welfare by buying lotteries.?
2、Is Outer Space Worth Exploring 太空是否值得探索
�。蹍⒖挤段模�
? Almost everyday we may see something in the newspaper or on TV about the latest exciting developments in space exploration. There is an immense pride in our science and technology and a sense of its importance for the welfare of mankind.
Not everyone , however, shares this feeling. Ever since space research began, it has been criticized as a huge waste of money and other resources, which might be used to help to relieve the suffering of the earth’s starving millions. It has also been felt that the space program might lead to the total destruction of the earth. Despite these disadvantages and potential dangers, the advantages are far greater. We have already succeeded in using satellites for communications, weather forecast and oil exploration and with further space research, more problems we are having now can be solved. For instance, with the success of space shuttles and the feasibility of living in other planets, we may solve the population problem on the earth. Space projects will also enable us to find a few chemical elements to cure presently incurable diseases.
Space exploration contributes not only to the improvement of the quality of human life, but also to our understanding of the interdependence of all beings; and therefore, of the need to take better care of each other.
3、Pet Raising 如何看待寵物熱
1． 有些人喜歡養(yǎng)動物作為寵物。
2． 有些人反對圈養(yǎng)動物作為寵物。
3． 你的觀點。
［參考范文］
Nowadays, with the improvement of the people’s living standard, some people form a habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets. Some raise small dogs or cats as their pets while others raise various birds or fishes as their pets. There are still even some people raising snakes and other unusual animals as their pets.
Does anyone have the same opinion of raising animals as pets? No, some people object to the idea of raising animals as pets. To them, animals have their own right to live a natural life like human beings. On the other hand, the way people raise animals as pets have a negative influence on the surroundings such as dogs’ barking at midnight, dogs’ chasing people on the street and so on. What’s more, some animals will transmit some diseases.
In my opinion, I do not like the idea to raise animals at pets. Animals have their own right to lead a life as they like. We should not deprive them of their natural right. In this way, we will live in a peaceful world in harmony with the other living creatures.
4、為什么電視觀眾喜歡看體育節(jié)目
News?? 68%
Movies54%
Sports78%
Specials20%
Documentary42%
［參考范文］
The sports programs enjoyed a boom among TV viewers. According to the above graph, 78 percent of TV viewer frequently watch Sports, which is obviously far ahead of other televised events. News follows second with 68 percent of viewers, compared with 54 percent Movies watchers. Documentary seems preferable among people than Special do, with 42 percent and 26 percent respectively.
A passion for sports has taken possession of thousands of people. One of the reasons perhaps is that sports provide an outlet for open-up emotions. People extract themselves from routine life and fully express their feeling towards sports. Stimulated by the excitement, they applaud for the victory and hold their breath for the exhilarating competition. In a sense, sports are a heaven for people to escape from boredom and tension..
Enthusiasm for sports also reflects people’s desire to transcend geographical and cultural limits. Freed from border and language difference, sports are accessible to everyone. People will no longer be confined to a certain living circle. They can share the same fantasy with the viewers at another hemisphere. Taken by sports, they can roam from country to country, continent to continent. Sports thus become a common language for all the people throughout the world.
5、Owning a Private Car
1. 目前，有越來越多的人擁有私家車；
2. 擁有私家車的利與弊；
3. 結(jié)論。
�。蹍⒖挤段模�
?? Nowadays , there are more and more people owning private cars. On the one hand, some wealthy people who either are the boss of the private company or the white-collar managers in big companies have their private cars. On the other hand, some young people who are future-minded buy private cars ahead of their income by loans from banks.
?? Is it a good or bad thing to have a private car? Just as a coin has two sides , so there are both advantages and disadvantages of having a private car. So far as its advantages are concerned, there are two examples for this. First , it plays a very important part in providing its owner with convenience, enabling the owner to go where he wants to quickly and easily. Second, it can help its owner to save a lot of time which may be wasted by waiting for other vehicles. However, it also has its disadvantages . For one thing, it will have a negative effect on both the crowded traffic system and the environment in the long run. For another, it places burden on the public utility in providing more parking lots.
?? In short , owning a private car has both its advantages and disadvantages. It is advisable that we should pay much attention to the environmental protection by not having a private car if we have little or no practical use of the private car.
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