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2014年上海英語高考試題及答案
2014年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一模擬考試(上海卷)
英語試題
(試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘)
第Ⅰ卷(共103分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A; you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a train station. B. At an airport.
C. At a travel agency. D. At a bus station.
2. A. $5. B. $10.
C. $15. D. $50.
3. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.
C. Doctor and patient. D. Waiter and diner.
4. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied.
C. Bo red. D. Exhausted.
5. A. Her hair has changed. B. She isn’t satisfied with her hair style.
C. She prefers to wear long hair. D. The man has changed his hair style.
6. A. It is too early to watch the Talent Show. B. He will go to bed in five minutes.
C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed. D. He is old enough to stay up.
7. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over what to take.
C. She hates packing by herself. D. She needs more time for packing.
8. A. They should wait for John for a while. B. They should stay here for the night.
C. They should start the meeting right away. D. They should call John at once.
9. A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat. B. Her neighbors get along well with her.
C. She can’t tell the man why she is moving. D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud.
10. A. Ask for directions. B. Try a different route.
C. Go back for the map. D. Cancel their trip.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the blest answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. A political system. B. Religion.
C. Working language. D. Race.
12. A. Discuss current issues. B. Join in a writing competition.
C. Attend an arts and crafts competition. D. Celebrate their friendship.
13. A. The Commonwealth Games. B. An important holiday.
C. The Commonwealth members. D. An international association.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.
14. A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students for certain jobs.
C. Developing students’ habits of mind. D. Helping students to go to graduate school.
15. A. The ability to have critical analysis. B. Creative use of leisure time.[來源:]
C. Logical use of information. D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.
16. A. Goals to reach in a college education. B. Roles of knowledge in students’ growth.
C. Qualifications needed for a job. D. Importance of after-class activities.
Section C
Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Complaint Form
Caller: Mary White
Phone No.: 17 .
Location of Problem: A 18 restaurant , 449 Shanghai Street
Details: It dumps its 19 on the street.
It doesn’t put bottles and cans in 20 bins.
Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
How long does short memory last? It lasts only 21 .
What is an example of medium term memory? Buying bread, a sort of 22 of things to do.
What is long term memory concerned with? 23 that happen in your life such as your wedding.
How is long term memory different from the others? It 24 .
II Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions: (16`)
Read the following passage. For some blanks there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.
(A)
Gordon was hungry. He opened the refrigerator, 25_____ there used to be much food before his wife left him. There must be 26_____ in here to eat, he thought. Now, however, there was a single hot dog.
After 27_____ (take) it out of its package, he put a small frying pan onto the stove’s gas burner. He turned on the heat. Then he poured a little bit of vegetable oil into the pan. He sliced the hot dog in half lengthwise. 28_____ the oil got hot, he put the two halves in the pan. About 29_____ minute later, he flipped each half over. After another minute, he took the hot dog out of the pan.
Gordon put two slices of bread into the toaster. This was tasty and healthy bread. The first ingredient 30_____ (list) was organic sprouted wheat. The first ingredient in ordinary bread is usually unbleached flour.
When the toast popped up, he put mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup on one slice. Then he added two slices of onion. 31_____ top of the onions, he placed the hot dog. On top of the hot dog, he put a couple of slices of apple. Then he added some bits of hot green chile, and then put the top piece of toast onto the chile bits.
Ahh, 32_____ a sandwich, he thought, as he sat down 33_____ (eat).
(B)
Sara needed to see the doctor. She had an upset stomach. She felt bloated, and needed to pass gas every minute or so. This was terrible. She 34_____ hardly go anywhere in public.
Her friends told her it was 35_____ she had moved to America. The air, water, and food in America weren't agreeing with her. They said she would have to return to her home country.
"No way," Sara said. She didn't want to go home. She liked America. This was a minor problem, she was sure. Any good doctor would solve it in no time. Two days later, she saw her doctor. He asked her if she drank milk. She said yes, three glasses a day.
"Don't drink any 36_____ (much) regular milk. Start drinking lactose-free milk, because lactose can upset your stomach."
Then he asked her 37____ there were any big problems in her life. She said that her boyfriend was a big problem. He wanted to get married, 38____ she didn’t. The doctor said that she should break up with her boyfriend and find 39____.
“Why?” Sara asked.
"Because your boyfriend 40_____ (give) you too much stress. He is probably the main cause of your upset stomach."
"I don't think my boyfriend is going to like that."
"Just tell him if he really loves you, he should leave you."
Section B
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. dip B. common C. desired D. addition E. embarrassing
F. carefully G. muddy H. fed I. access J. raising K. benefit
Ducks offer certain advantages over hens. Ducks are immune to some 41
diseases found in hens. Some breeds of duck produce bigger eggs than hens. In 42 , ducks lay eggs over a longer season than hens do.
Poultry (禽類) keepers with gardens have less to worry about if they keep ducks rather than hens because the former are unlikely to dig up plants and destroy roots. While both hens and ducks 43 the garden by eating pests, hens are known to damage grass beds. Ducks, on the other hand, will search for insects more 44 . Only very delicate plants are at risk from the broad, webbed feet of ducks.
Like all waterbirds, ducks need 45 to water, and duck keepers typically provide this by building a pond. Something this large is not absolutely necessary, however, ducks need only to be able to 46 their heads in the water to keep their nose clean. If a pond is provided, though, it is important to keep baby ducks away from it until they are old enough to put up with the cool temperature of the water.
When 47 ducks, one has to consider just how many the land will support. The rule is generally about 100 ducks per acre. If more than this proportion is introduced, there is a risk of pressing the soil, which can lead to 48 conditions for long periods as the rain is not easily absorbed into the ground.
While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given a greater quantity of food, especially if regular eggs are 49 . An adult duck will eat between 170 to 200 grams of food a day. If the ducks live near grass and a pond, they will be able to find for themselves approximately 70% of their daily dietary requirements in warmer months but less than half that in colder times. Therefore, it is important that they be 50 on enough food, such as grain, every day.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
More and more shoppers are buying things online these days, allowing them to avoid 51 salespeople and long lines at checkout counters. In spite of online convenience, 52 , there are some items — like clothes — that customers prefer to 53 before buying. In light of this, two companies are finding ways to modernize stores and 54 the gap between online and in-store retail (零售).
A software company that also happens to sell designer jeans, Hointer has created a fast and painless shopping 55 for its customers.
Shoppers walk into a Hointer store and select one of the many pairs of jeans 56 down from bars. Then they point their smartphones at the tag and 57 the Hointer app, after which they select the size and press “try on.” The app then directs them to a specific dressing room. German-made robots bring out the 58 jeans and deliver them through a chute (斜槽) to the dressing room in about 30 seconds. Immediately after 59 pairs of jeans are dropped through another chute, the “outbox,” they disappear from the list in the app.
Purchases at Hointer are made with a swipe (刷卡) of a credit card. And interacting with a salesperson is optional! This allows Hointer to hire fewer people and focus on their ultimate goal: developing 60 that supports a retail revolution.
Men’s clothing retailer Bonobos has 61 a more personalized shopping experience. Although it is — in fact — an online retailer, Bonobos has decided to open a handful of brick-and-mortar stores called Guideshops. Shoppers make a(n) 62 online before arriving at a Guideshop, where they receive one-on-one 63 from a fitting guide. Because these shops have limited inventories (存貨), shoppers aren’t able to take home the outfits they select. But guides help shoppers make online purchases before they leave, after which the items will be 64 to customers in one or two days.
While Hointer focuses on convenience, Bonobos Guideshops focus on customer service. But both efforts have one thing 65 : giving clothing retailers a new look for the 21st century.
51. A. respectable B. considerate C. aggressive D. violent
52. A. however B. therefore C. anyway D. moreover
53. A. convince B. guarantee C. ensure D. examine
54. A. break B. bridge C. shallow D. deepen
55. A. experience B. mall C. direction D. principle
56. A. hiding B. hanging C. storing D. labeling
57. A. start B. upload C. save D. download
58. A. desired B. well-designed C. promoted D. well-prepared
59. A. qualified B. wanted C. chosen D. unwanted
60. A. employment B. efficiency C. technology D. market
61. A. come up with B. looked forward to C. looked up D. brought up
62. A. decision B. appointment C. contribution D. impression
63. A. contact B. instruction C. notice D. attention
64. A. presented B. packaged C. delivered D. transferred
65. A. in conclusion B. in common C. as usual D. in general
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Any snakebite can be dangerous if infection sets in. Some types of snake poison make the bite area swollen (腫脹的) or painful. Others cause bleeding or damage the heart’s nerves. Here are some especially dangerous snakes:
The largest of all poisonous snakes, king cobras can reach 5.5 meters in length. Each king cobra bite contains enough poison to kill an elephant — or 20 people. But these big snakes usually avoid people. They live throughout India, southern China and Southeast Asia.
A bite from Australia’s inland taipan, the world’s most poisonous snake, releases enough poison to kill 100 men. The good news is that people rarely come in contact with this snake, and a treatment for its poison exists.
Russell’s viper lives throughout Asia, including India, southern China, and on the island of Taiwan. It prefers grassy fields but can be found in forests and urban areas. It bites more people and causes more deaths than any other poisonous snake.
Though short, the common Indian krait packs a powerful punch (攻擊) in its bite. Most often, it strikes people at night while they are sleeping. Since the bite causes little pain, victims are often not sure that they have been bitten until they begin to experience stomach cramps (痙攣). Without treatment, symptoms will worsen quickly and can lead to death.
The black mamba, a native of Africa, is actually olive or grey in color. Only the inside of its mouth is black. When black mambas feel threatened by a human, they make a loud hissing sound to warn the person away. If the warning is ignored, the snake will attack the person repeatedly. And they can attack quickly, moving over the ground at speeds of up to 20 kilometers per hour.
66. According to this article, what is a particular feature of the king cobra?
A. Its seasonal changes. B. Its lack of movement.
C. Its sense of hearing. D. Its remarkable size.
67. According to this article, which of the following is known for its speed?
A. The inland taipan. B. The black mamba.
C. The Indian krait. D. The Russell’s viper.
68. What does the article imply about the inland taipan?
A. It was once believed to be extinct.
B. A chance meeting with it could be fatal.
C. Some people keep one as a pet.
D. Very little is known about its behavior.
69. In which magazine would you most likely find this article?
A. Let’s Explore Nature B. Weekly Travel Digest
C. Psychology Magazine D. Global Warning News
(B)
Basketball, baseball and soccer are classic sports that people will always enjoy. And yet we keep changing popular games like these in new ways to keep them fresh.
Though these sports may not be common, give them a look or even a try.
70. Why does the author think Underwater Hockey is a true team sport?
A. Because all players in a team wear the same flippers and use a stick to hit a puck.
B. Because each player in a team has to cooperate with other team members in the match.
C. Because it is played underwater, the game is more dangerous than the sports played on land.
D. Because each team earns points by hitting the puck into its underwater goal.
71. In Chessboxing, the winner will be the one who _____.
A. wins both in chess and in boxing
B. defeats his opponent in chess
C. wins in chess or in boxing
D. can knock his opponent out of the boxing ring
72. According to the article, at most how many players in all can take part in a Bossaball match?
A. 4. B. 6. C. 8. D. 10.
73. In Cycleball, the author mentions catch, whose meaning may be _____.
A. sport B. skill C. rule D. practice
( C )
Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls (民意調(diào)查), sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable, nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.
A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.
The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunities to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.
Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those who have good relationship with other family members are happier than those who live alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factors.
It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.
Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods, but are not necessarily happier adults.
The best formula (準則) for happiness is to be able to develop AQ (Adversity Quotient that can be of great benefit when running into trouble), to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.
74. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. happiness is neither predictable nor apparent
B. a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happy
C. the rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group
D. happiness is not necessarily connected to one’s situation in society
75. According to the article, happiness is greatly dependent upon _____.
A. a happy childhood in which one can do whatever he likes
B. great wealth with which one can buy anything
C. a feeling that conditions are becoming for the better
D. a college degree that can help one achieve great success
76. The letters AQ in the last paragraph most probably mean _____.
A. ambition to defeat others in a severe competition
B. ability to overcome difficulty and get out of embarrassing situation
C. methods of solving difficult problems and challenges in life
D. attitudes towards severe competition especially in trouble
77. The best title of this passage may be _____.
A. What Does Happiness Consist in
B. Happiness and Unhappiness
C. Different Kinds of Happiness
D. Causes of Happiness and Unhappiness
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Millions of personal computers across the world are running at this moment, but most are using just a fraction of their full capacity to process information. Imagine what could happen if the spare power of these millions of machines were used to solve global problems.
The organization Charity Engine attempts to do just that. It enables researchers and companies to use the extra computing power of thousands of personal computers. These companies pay a usage fee that goes to carefully selected charities.
The computers
Charity Engine offers a free app that has the user’s computer do research as a background task. The program runs automatically, without direction from the user. Each computer works on a small chunk of a larger project and sends back its results. The results are combined to answer the researchers’ questions.
The researchers
Charity Engine mostly uses its computing power for companies doing scientific, medical or commercial research. For example, Rosetta@home attempts to help find cures for serious diseases by discovering the shapes of proteins. Another project, Einstein@Home, tests scientific theories. And another helps establishments in Africa such as universities search for ways to fight the spread of malaria.
The Charities
Charity Engine gives 50 percent of the profits from renting out computing power to various charities. Each organization it supports has a good reputation for working in an area of vital importance. Most of them seek to address the primary causes of poverty while bringing short-term relief. These include Oxfam, a network of organizations in 94 countries. Another is CARE International, one of the three largest international aid agencies, which works in 87 countries. Charity Engine also supports Doctors Without Borders, which supplies medical care, and WaterAid, which provides safe water and promotes hygiene (衛(wèi)生) in developing countries. Another of its charities, Sightsavers, works to prevent and reverse blindness through medical treatments and provides training for the blind. Charity Engine helps many other organizations as well.
An added bonus
Charity Engine returns the other 50 percent of its earnings to the people who made it all possible. The app users are entered into draws. Chosen at random, the winners receive thousands of dollars in prizes!
Thanks to Charity Engine, computing power that would have gone to waste is fighting poverty and bringing healing and hope.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
78. What does Charity Engine help companies do?
___________________________________________________________________________.
79. How does Charity Engine spend its earnings?
___________________________________________________________________________.
80. The computers selected by Charity Engine help researchers and companies through ________.
81. According to the passage, besides many organizations, Charity Engine mostly supports _____.
第二卷
I. Translation (22 分 )
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 孩子們總是對周邊的一切都非常好奇。(curious)
2. 她在比賽中表現(xiàn)出色，給評委留下了深刻的印象。(which)
3. 一進學(xué)校，她就意外得知有一所名校錄取她了。(No sooner…)
4. 奇怪的是，這些年輕人對這些我們都耳熟能詳?shù)母枨鷧s一無所知。(know)
5. 為了紀念這位偉大的宇航員，據(jù)說明年將會開拍一部電影讓人們了解他的事跡。(memory)
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
我們國家長期實行獨生子女政策，現(xiàn)在政府將放開這一政策，允許夫妻中一方是獨生子女的家庭生育第二個孩子，對此你怎么看。請圍繞以下幾點談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>
談?wù)勀銓δ壳皩嵤┑莫毶优叩睦斫?
對未來實施夫妻中一方是獨生子女可生育第二個孩子的政策的想法;
你對未來中國的人口問題有何期望，簡述原因。
______________________________________________________
第I卷
第一大題第1至第10小題，每題1分;第11至第16小題，每題2分：第17至第24小題，每題1分。共30分。
1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B
17. conference 18. daylight 19. moving 20. overcrowded
21. implications and conclusions 22. reasoning 23. Figures 24. keep questioning
第二大題每小題1分。共26分。
25. where 26. To earn 27. as soon as / as long as 28. exhausted 29. if
30. what 31. adapting 32. did 33. an 34. is equipped 35. which
36. myself 37. more appropriate 38. has forced 39. urging 40. to
41. G 42. C 43.1 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. H
第三大題第51至65小題，每題1分;第“至”小題，每題2分;第78至81小題，每題2分。共47分。
51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C
61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. A 70. C
71.D 72.B 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C
78. shareholders and employees
79. Companies talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments. / Companies create codes of conduct. / Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations. / Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.
80. create value
81. take social responsibilities
第II卷
I.翻譯共22分。
1. I'm accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.
2. It's up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.
3. There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program.
4. Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen.
5. While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers.
II.寫作共25分。
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