2015屆高考英語模擬試題

　　2015屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí)：Unit 1　Great Scientists

　　Ⅰ.語法單句填空

　　1.We have come to the ________(conclude) that it would be unwise to accept his idea.

　　答案：conclusion　考查名詞詞義。句意：我們得出結(jié)論接受他的想法非明智之舉。come to the conclusion“得出結(jié)論”。

　　2.Children________(expose) to difficult situations are better at handling those________(challenge) tasks.

　　答案：exposed;challenging　考查非謂語動詞。句意：暴露在困難處境中的孩子更容易處理那些富有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。第一空選exposed，因為expose與前面的the children構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以選過去分詞;第二空challenging意為“挑戰(zhàn)性的”。

　　3.________(blame) for the terrible accident, the director felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.

　　答案：Being to blame　be to blame“該受責(zé)備，應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，此處指主管為這起重大事故負(fù)責(zé)，be to blame是固定用法，不用于被動語態(tài)。

　　4.The number of the foreign tourists to visit the US is expected to be more than 2 million by 2015, ________(contribute) 14 billion dollars to the US economy.

　　答案：contributing　考查非謂語動詞。句意：到2015年為止到美國的游客數(shù)目有望超過兩百萬，會對美國經(jīng)濟貢獻140億美元�，F(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語。

　　5.— What are the workers talking about?

　　—They are discussing the idea the old worker put ________ at the meeting yesterday.

　　答案：forward　考查動詞短語。句意：——工人們在談?wù)撌裁?——他們在討論那位老工人昨天在會上提出的想法。put forward“提出”，符合句意。

　　6.In the following two hours, she was ________(absorb) in film, so she didn't notice what happened around her.

　　答案：absorbed　考查動詞短語意義。句意：在接下來的兩個小時里，她在專心看電影，因而沒有注意到周圍所發(fā)生的事情。be absorbed in sth.“全神貫注于某事”。

　　7.Emily felt very sad that she was suspected ________providing false statements in court.

　　答案：of　考查動詞搭配。suspect sb. of (doing) sth.“懷疑某人做了某事”。

　　8.Shenzhou Ⅸ spacecraft, ________(send) up into space on June 16, 2012, docked with Tiangong­1 successfully.

　　答案：sent　考查過去分詞作定語。因為神舟九號和送入太空之間存在被動關(guān)系，而且動作已經(jīng)完成，所以用send的過去分詞表完成和被動。

　　9.The new suspension bridge ________(design) by the famous architect is ________construction now.

　　答案：designed; under　考查動詞詞義及短語搭配。句意：這位著名的建筑師設(shè)計的新懸浮橋正在建設(shè)之中。句中design與suspension bridge之間是動賓關(guān)系，故第一個空用designed，相當(dāng)于which was designed;under construction“在建設(shè)中”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　10.________ if these experiments were successfully completed would we think of going into humans.

　　答案：Only　考查短語。句意：只有當(dāng)這些實驗都成功完成后，我們才能考慮在人身上實驗。only if“只有當(dāng)……”。

　　Ⅱ.閱讀理解

　　Talking plants might sound like characters in a fairy tale. But recent scientific studies have shown that plants communicate with each other and with other living things in a surprising number of ways. To understand them, scientists say, we just have to learn their language. Farmers are especially interested in what plants have to say.

　　“Plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms (有機體). They can communicate with giant bacteria, with other plants and with insects. They do this chemically，” said Cahill, an Ecology Professor of the University of Alberta in Canada.

　　Plant scientists are just beginning to understand this chemical “language”. Cahill says studies have shown, for example, that plants can evaluate conditions in their immediate environment and take appropriate actions. Plants have an ability, for example, to signal pain or discomfort caused by anything from temperature extremes to an insect attack. Jack Schultz, a professor of chemical ecology at the University of Missouri, says when a plant senses that it's being eaten, it cannot walk away from trouble; on the contrary, it will release a chemical vapor that alerts other plants nearby.

　　“Their language is a chemical language, and it involves chemicals that move through the air that are easy to be changeable, and most of all are smells that we are familiar with，” Schultz explained.

　　“All plants responded to the attack by changing their chemistry to defend themselves，” Schultz recalled. “But we were quite surprised to find that nearby plants also changed their chemistry to defend themselves, even though they were not part of the experiment.”

　　Studies have also shown that plants under attack release pleasant chemicals. Those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant.

　　In the end, plants' ability to communicate their needs—and our ability to understand them—could help farmers reduce the use of poisonous chemicals, cut operating costs and limit damage to the environment.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇科普類文章，主要講述了“植物的特殊語言”及功能，以及這種特殊語言對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)可能產(chǎn)生的指導(dǎo)意義。

　　1.The recent scientific studies have shown that plants can ______.

　　A.communicate with other living things in a chemical way

　　B.hardly react to any sudden change in temperature

　　C.use a very special chemica1 language which is familiar to us

　　D.respond to the attack by giving off poisonous chemicals

　　答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms (有機體)... They do this chemically.”可知，植物能夠與其他生物通過化學(xué)方式進行交流。故答案選A。

　　2.When being eaten by an insect, the plant will ________.

　　A.walk away from trouble

　　B.change its chemistry to kill the insect

　　C.release a chemical vapor to “ask” other plants for help

　　D.give off nice chemicals to attract friendly insects killing the pest

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“when a plant senses that it's being eaten... on the contrary, it will release a chemical vapor...”以及文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant.”可知，當(dāng)植物被昆蟲吞食的時候，植物會釋放一種化學(xué)蒸汽，這種化學(xué)蒸汽能夠吸引有益的昆蟲來襲擊害蟲。故答案選D。

　　3.The underlined word “alert” most probably means “______”.

　　A.warn　　　　　　　　　 B.protect

　　C.threaten D.allow

　　答案：A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，植物在遭受攻擊時會釋放一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)有兩種功能，一是警示危險的存在，二是發(fā)出求助信息。由此可知，此處的“alert”應(yīng)該意為“警示，警惕”，即warn。故答案選A。

　　4.Which would be the best title for the passage?

　　A.Communication between Plants

　　B.A Chemical “Language”

　　C.Plants Can Talk

　　D.How Plants Protect Themselves

　　答案：C　標(biāo)題概括題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了“植物的特殊語言”及功能。C項既能概括文章的主題又生動風(fēng)趣，尤其是talk一詞充滿了擬人化的幽默感。故答案選C。

　　Ⅲ.完形填空

　　Education from My Father

　　My memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life. But there are __1__ that I am often reminded of and which may have had some bearing on my love of __2__.

　　When I was small I was somewhat __3__ of lightning and thunder. My father explained it. The explanation was in __4__ that a child could understand but was basically correct. I gained a better __5__ later, but I didn't have to unlearn anything.

　　What he said was that there was electricity in the clouds __6__ it travelled to the ground like a spark. When it travelled __7__ the air it made the air so hot that it __8__. Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to __9__ the space. He clapped his hands together very loud, __10__ to be the air rushing in, and said that makes the thunder. When I hear thunder, I can still hear that __11__.

　　He explained why if it was cloudy in the winter the night was warmer than if it was __12__. It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars: no moon, no town lights. But there were more stars than you could __13__ and they had color too. He said that if there were no clouds, we had no blankets and were __14__ to the universe. Our warmth was going to __15__ the whole universe. When there were clouds, they were like blankets and we were not exposed to the universe. I __16__ feel on the edge of space on a very clear night.

　　I am sure there were many other lessons that I __17__ but no longer remember. What I did __18__， in general, was that there were explanations and that the more I understood them, the more comfortable the world was to live in. I was not taught that there were __19__ but that there was understanding if you looked for it. This may be why I have always been __20__ in science.

　　文章大意：作者對于逝去父親的記憶很少。但是父親曾經(jīng)用通俗易懂的方式來教育自己，作者現(xiàn)在仍然記憶猶新，是父親的教育激發(fā)了作者對于科學(xué)的極大興趣。

　　1.A.others B.few

　　C.some D.all

　　答案：C　考查代詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，作者對于父親的記憶比較少，但仍有令作者記憶深刻的一些。由此可知，C選項與語境相符。故答案選C。

　　2.A.science B.nature

　　C.weather D.universe

　　答案：A　考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“This may be why I have always been ________ in science”可知，此處指的是科學(xué)。因此，空白處應(yīng)該使用“science”。故答案選A。

　　3.A.sure B.fond

　　C.tired D.afraid

　　答案：D　考查形容詞詞辨析。作者小時候有點害怕閃電和雷聲。D選項與此相符。故答案選D。

　　4.A.depth B.words

　　C.gestures D.data

　　答案：B　考查名詞詞義辨析。作者父親的解釋使用了孩子能夠理解的詞語。A表示“深度，深處”;B表示“詞，單詞”;C表示“姿勢，手勢”;D表示“資料，數(shù)據(jù)”。由此可知，B選項與語境相符。故答案選B。

　　5.A.understanding B.knowledge

　　C.command D.confidence

　　答案：A　考查名詞詞義辨析。作者后來對此有了更好的理解。A表示“了解;理解，領(lǐng)會;認(rèn)識”;B表示“知識，學(xué)識”;C表示“命令，指揮”;D表示“自信;信任;信心”。A選項符合語境。故答案選A。

　　6.A.but B.and

　　C.for D.or

　　答案：B　考查連詞的用法。作者的父親說云中有電，電像火花一樣傳到地面。根據(jù)語境及句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系可知，空白處應(yīng)該使用“and”。故答案選B。

　　7.A.above B.to

　　C.along D.through

　　答案：D　考查介詞詞義辨析。此處表示的是光穿過空氣。四個選項均為介詞，其中“through”意為“穿過”，符合語境。故答案選D。

　　8.A.shone B.burned

　　C.expanded D.broke

　　答案：B　考查動詞詞義辨析。光穿過的時候，使空氣如此熱，以至于空氣燃燒起來。由此并結(jié)合選項的詞義可知，B項符合語境。故答案選B。

　　9.A.fill B.make

　　C.avoid D.break

　　答案：A　考查動詞詞義辨析。空氣燃燒完之后，周圍的空氣涌過來并填滿了這一空間。由此可知，空白處應(yīng)該使用“fill”。故答案選A。

　　10.A.trying B.proving

　　C.hoping D.pretending

　　答案：D　考查動詞詞義辨析。作者的父親大聲拍手來假裝空氣的涌入，說這樣就產(chǎn)生了雷聲。D選項與語境相符合。故答案選D。

　　11.A.clap B.remark

　　C.voice D.crash

　　答案：A　考查名詞詞義辨析。每當(dāng)聽到雷聲時，作者就感覺聽到了父親的掌聲。由此可知，A選項符合語境。故答案選A。

　　12.A.cold B.bright

　　C.clear D.foggy

　　答案：C　考查形容詞詞義辨析。作者的父親解釋為什么在冬天的晚上陰天比晴天暖和。由此并結(jié)合前半句中的“cloudy”可知，空白處應(yīng)該使用“clear”。故答案選C。

　　13.A.explore B.foresee

　　C.imagine D.identify

　　答案：C　考查動詞詞義辨析。天上的星星比想象的要多。A表示“推測，探勘，探險”;B表示“預(yù)見，預(yù)知”;C表示“想象，設(shè)想”;D表示“確認(rèn);識別;鑒定”。由此并結(jié)合選項的詞義可知，C選項符合語境。故答案選C。

　　14.A.committed B.exposed

　　C.related D.led

　　答案：B　考查動詞詞義辨析。沒有云彩時，我們沒有遮蓋物，暴露于宇宙中。A表示“犯(罪)，做(錯事等)”;B表示“使暴露于;揭露”;C表示“有關(guān)，涉及”;D表示“引導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。由此可知，B選項符合語境。根據(jù)下文的“we were not exposed”也可知答案。

　　15.A.heat B.protect

　　C.extend D.light

　　答案：A　考查動詞詞辨析。沒有云彩時，我們的溫暖將會對整個宇宙供熱。A選項表示“把……加熱，使暖”，符合語境。故答案選A。

　　16.A.ever B.also

　　C.even D.still

　　答案：D　考查副詞詞義辨析�，F(xiàn)在作者在晴天的夜晚仍然有這種感覺。由此可知，空白處應(yīng)該使用“still”。故答案選D。

　　17.A.selected B.arranged

　　C.absorbed D.delivered

　　答案：C　考查動詞詞義辨析。作者相信有很多別的課，自己曾經(jīng)理解過。“absorbed”表示“汲取;理解;使全神貫注”，符合語境。故答案選C。

　　18.A.consider B.promise

　　C.explain D.learn

　　答案：D　考查動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示的是作者所學(xué)習(xí)到的。因此，空白處應(yīng)該使用“learn”。故答案選D。

　　19.A.memories B.blankets

　　C.mysteries D.thunders

　　答案：C　考查名詞詞義辨析。作者認(rèn)為小時候沒有被教過神秘的東西，因為父親是用通俗易懂的方式來教作者的。由此可知，C選項符合語境。故答案選C。

　　20.A.engaged B.interested

　　C.successful D.skillful

　　答案：B　考查形容詞詞辨析。這可能是作者一直對科學(xué)感興趣的原因。由此并結(jié)合選項的詞義可知，B選項符合語境。故答案選B。

　　Ⅳ.語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　A：Is a college degree not always necessary for scientific success?

　　B：No， __1__excellent example of a man who won fame as a scientist__2__academic(學(xué)術(shù)的) training is Vincent J. Schaefer.

　　A：Can you tell me more about him?

　　B：OK! Schaefer's formal education ended__3__two years of high school when he had to go to work in an untrained job at General Electric. Because of his inventive mind and his skill as a model maker, he was__4__(allow)try his own experiments in the company laboratory. His natural __5__(curious) made him wonder about clouds. He developed, after many tries, a method of making clouds rain__6__they would not normally do so.

　　A：Is this method made him win much fame?

　　B：Yeah! The method, __7__(call) seeding, has beenvery __8__ (help) to farmers. And Schaefer believes that for people__9__are interested in the world and everything in it, a college degree is__10__(necessary).

　　答案：

　　1.an　2.without　3.after　4.allowed to　5.curiosity

　　6.when　7.called　8.helpful　9.who　10.unnecessary

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