- 相關(guān)推薦
初中英語知識點總結(jié)
下面是小編給大家整理的初中英語知識點復(fù)習(xí)資料，希望對你的考試有所幫助。
第一部分：閱讀理解
知識點總結(jié)
閱讀理解主要考查學(xué)生一下幾個方面的閱讀理解能力：
1、理解和把握文章主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力。
2、理解和把握文章具體信息來獲取有關(guān)信息能力，及根據(jù)上下文提供的語境推測生詞詞義、句意，進(jìn)而加深對文章的理解能力。
3、根據(jù)文章進(jìn)行簡單的數(shù)字推算和計算的能力。
4、既要理解詞、短語、句子和文章的表層意思，更要理解其深層含義和抽象概念的能力。
5、理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知信息進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷和預(yù)測新信息的能力。
解題技巧：
1、順序法：先讀懂文章，然后按順序答題。此方法適合內(nèi)容較易于理解和記憶飛文章。
2、顛倒法：先讀試題再讀文章，這樣我們可以帶著問題有的放矢的閱讀文章并迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)答案。
3、交叉法：先閱讀一篇文章，把握中心大意后開始答題，對暫時確定不了的答案，可再次回讀文章的有關(guān)內(nèi)容并對其進(jìn)行分析、推敲后再確定。
4、排除法：對拿不準(zhǔn)的答案，可先逐項排除自己有把握的錯誤選項，再將剩下的答案進(jìn)行比較、篩選，直到確定最佳答案。
5、要尊重原材料中的信息、觀點，并在此基礎(chǔ)上答題;不要憑想當(dāng)然、主觀臆斷答題，不要鉆牛角尖。
6、在做任務(wù)型閱讀回答問題時，要盡量簡略回答，無關(guān)信息盡量刪除。特殊疑問句的回答基本是直接信息，在原文中能直接找到答案。
常見考法
誤區(qū)提醒
【典型例題剖析】
My parents taught me not to waste food. My mom always found ways to make leftovers (剩余食物) taste good. I went to Ilan to learn about some of their special foods. As I was there, I learned about the food and the history of the area. I learned that they don’t waste food, either, and they use leftovers!
Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone. People learned to cook and eat almost everything. They had to think of ways to make special dishes. One of these dishes is kao zha. It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat. That might not sound very good, but it does taste good. Today, kao zha is a special dish at big banquets (宴會).
Another famous dish is called zao bing. It’s made with fruit, meat and other things. I really liked it! But I didn’t want to eat too much. It has a lot of fat in it.
I smelled something burning and I saw smoke, so I found another special food of the Ilan area─duck meat. The duck meat is put in a big oven (爐子) to cook it. Smoke keeps the meat fresh. I don’t usually eat meat, but this duck meat was delicious! It tasted sweet.
Ilan is a great place with delicious food. I hope I can come back again!
1. The writer learns from her parents __________.
A. not to eat leftovers B. to eat good food
C. not to waste food D. to make good food
2. She finds that people in Ilan __________.
A. always waste food B. don’t use leftovers
C. don’t have enough food D. can cook special food
3. Kao zha is a good dish that is made with __________.
A. fruit, meat and other things B. fresh and sweet duck meat
C. some different leftovers D. meat, soup and fruit
4. There are __________ kinds of special foods mentioned in the passage.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
5. From the passage, we know that __________.
A. there was not enough food in Ilan long ago
B. leftovers can’t be used to cook delicious food
C. zao bing is a famous dish without any fat in it
D. the writer is interested in very big banquets
解析：
1、C 這是一道細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“My parents taught me not to waste food.”可得出答案。
2、D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)二、三、四段可得出答案。A與事實不符;B項與第二段意思相悖;C項指現(xiàn)在，但文中說的是過去。
3、C 根據(jù)第二段第四、五句可得出答案。
4、B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。三種食物是kao zha、zao bing、duck meat。
5、A 推理判斷提。根據(jù)第二段第一句可得出答案。
第二部分：定語從句
知識點總結(jié)
要學(xué)定語從句，得知道什么是定語。定語是用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的。例如，a good book, good就是定語。那么復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句就叫做定語從句。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，在句中作定語。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose等，絕對沒有what;關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why,how等。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的某個成分。
一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、由who, whom, that，Whose引導(dǎo)的從句
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，who作主語指人，whom作賓語指人，that既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來指人或物，只用作定語。
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說話的那個男人是我們的英語老師
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。
2、由which, that引導(dǎo)的從句
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，作賓語時可以省略，例如：
(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個包裹快要散開了。(which / that在從句中作賓語)
注意： 代表物時多用which，但在下列情況中用that而不用which：
a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時;
b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時，這時的that常被省略;
c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級修飾時;
d)先行詞中既有人又有物時;
e)整個句中前面已有which，who,that時;
f)當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語時;
g)先行詞為one時;
h)先行詞同時又被the only,the very,the same修飾時;
二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、when指時間在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地點在定語從句中做地點狀語 Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語 ，用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常見考法
對于定語從句的考查，多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下，常從關(guān)系詞的意義和功能的角度考查，重點是that,which,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
典型例題：You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who B. whom C. whom D. who
解析：先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.
答案：D
誤區(qū)提醒
當(dāng)表示時間或地點的名詞作先行詞時，要判斷出它們在從句中作狀語還是主語或賓語。作狀語時用關(guān)系副詞，反之用關(guān)系代詞。
典型例題：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
解析：. 兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.
答案：A
http://www.fuchuonang.cn/【初中英語知識點總結(jié)】相關(guān)文章：
初中英語個人總結(jié)02-19
中考化學(xué)知識點總結(jié)02-06
中考物理知識點總結(jié)02-20
初中英語個人總結(jié)范文02-03
中考數(shù)學(xué)圓知識點總結(jié)01-13
中考生物知識點總結(jié)02-29
中考?xì)v史知識點總結(jié)02-05