2015小升初英語語法專項訓練

　　小升初英語語法專項訓練：動詞短語

　　動詞加小品構(gòu)成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞(Phrasal Verb)。例如:

　　Turn off the radio.　把收音機關(guān)上。(turn off是短語動詞)

　　短語動詞的構(gòu)成基本有下列幾種:

　　1) 動詞+副詞,如:black out;

　　2) 動詞+介詞,如:look into;

　　3) 動詞+副詞+介詞,如:look forward to。構(gòu)成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞(Particle)。

　　非謂語動詞

　　在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式,動名詞,和分詞(分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。

　　1)不定式

　　時態(tài)語態(tài)　　　 主動　　　　　　被動

　　一般式　　　　to do　　　　　 to be done

　　完成式　　　 to have done　　to have been done

　　2)動名詞

　　時態(tài)語態(tài)　　　 主動　　　　　　被動

　　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done

　　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done

　　3)分詞

　　時態(tài)語態(tài)　　　 主動　　　　　　被動

　　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done

　　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done

　　否定形式: not +不定式,　not + 動名詞,　not +

　　小升初英語語法專項訓練：動詞

　　知識要點

　　動詞表示人或事物的動作或狀態(tài)。

　　根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是實義動詞(指某個具體的靜態(tài)如：think, love 等或動態(tài)如：run, walk 等)、系動詞(常用的是be, feel, get, look, taste等)、助動詞(常用的是do, does, did等用來構(gòu)成否定句及疑問句)、情態(tài)動詞(常用的有can, may, must, shall, should等，情態(tài)動詞后一定要跟動詞原形)。

　　1) 動詞的基本形式

　　絕大多數(shù)動詞都有五種基本形式：動詞原形、一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式和過去分詞。

　　A. 第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成

　　一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞后要加s或es，其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復數(shù)的方法大體相同：

　　1. 一般情況下只在動詞后加s，如work-works, write-writes.

　　2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的動詞，后加es，如guess-guesses, mix-mixes,

　　finish-finishes, catch-catches.

　　3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，改y為i加es，如study-studies.

　　注：不規(guī)則變化的有have-has

　　B. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成

　　1. 一般情況下在動詞后加ing，如study-studying, work-working.

　　2. 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e再加ing，如write-writing,

　　move-moving.

　　3. 以一個元音字母和一個輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾一個輔音字母，再加ing，如get-getting, begin-beginning.

　　4. 以ie結(jié)尾的名詞，一般將ie改為y，再加ing，如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying.

　　C. 過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成

　　1. 一般情況直接加ed，如ask-asked, work-worked.

　　2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，只加d，如love-loved, dance-danced.

　　3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕加ed，如try-tried, study-studied.

　　4. 以一個元音字母和一個輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，先雙寫末尾一個字母，再加ed，如stop-stopped.

　　練習：

　　I. 用be 動詞的適當形式填空

　　1. __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________.

　　2.They __________ in the classroom.

　　3.Where __________ my books﹖

　　4.These ___________her pears.

　　5.How much _________the T-shirt?

　　6.How much __________ the socks?

　　7.Our mother _________forty last year.

　　8.You can _________ in our school music club.

　　9.Let's ___________friends.

　　10.He and I _________friends.

　　11.Someone __________ in the room.

　　12. There ____ some apples on the table yesterday.

　　II.劃出每句中正確的詞

　　1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa?

　　2.(Where/What)are your baseball?

　　3.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock?

　　4.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?

　　5.(Is/Can)she play the violin?

　　6.I (don't/ doesn't)like hamburgers.

　　7.Why does Alice (likes/like)music?

　　8.Who (am/is) your father?

　　9.(What/What's) her favorite subject?

　　10.How much (are/is) her socks?

　　11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last week.

　　12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday.

　　13. I (walk, walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday.

　　14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month.

　　15. There (is, was, are, were) a lot of people over there ten years ago.

　　III.寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去式。

　　如：look - looks - looking- looked

　　drink_________ _________ _________

　　go _________ _________ _________

　　stay _________ _________ _________

　　make _________ _________ _________

　　teach_________ _________ _________

　　ride _________ _________ _________

　　have_________ _________ _________

　　pass_________ _________ _________

　　carry _________ _________ _________

　　come_________ _________ _________

　　watch_________ _________ _________

　　plant_________ _________ _________

　　fly_________ _________ ____________

　　study_________ _________ _________

　　brush_________ _________ _________

　　read_________ _________ _________

　　run _________ _________ _________

　　write_________ _________ _________

　　swim_________ _________ _________

　　get_________ _________ __________

　　say_________ _________ __________

　　take _________ _________ _________

　　see_________ _________ __________

　　begin_________ _________ _________

　　dance_________ _________ _________

　　IV.用所給詞的正確形式填空。

　　1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse.

　　2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day?

　　3. I like __________( make) kites.

　　4. He can________ (skate) better than ME.

　　5. You must _______( listen) to your teacher in class.

　　6. They enjoy________(play) basketball.

　　7. She wants________(watch) cartoons.

　　8. It's time for us ________( read) books.

　　知識要點

　　2). 一般現(xiàn)在時

　　一般現(xiàn)在時的用法：

　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。

　　2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。

　　3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

　　4. 有時這個時態(tài)表示按計劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作(句中都帶有時間狀語)，但限于少數(shù)動詞，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。 如：The meeting begins at seven.會議7點開始。

　　5.在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：

　　If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午來，我們將開會。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時的結(jié)構(gòu):

　　1. be動詞：主語+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個男孩。

　　2.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學習英語。

　　當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時常用的時間詞：often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。

　　練習：

　　I.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。

　　1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

　　2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

　　3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

　　4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

　　5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

　　6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

　　7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

　　8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

　　9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

　　10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

　　11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

　　12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

　　13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

　　14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

　　15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.

　　16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

　　17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

　　18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

　　19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

　　20.-What day _______(be) it today?

　　-It's Saturday

　　II. 改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)

　　1. Is your brother speak English? __________________

　　2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________

　　3. He likes play games after class. __________________

　　4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________

　　5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________

　　知識要點

　　3). 現(xiàn)在進行時

　　現(xiàn)在進行時的用法：

　　.現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。

　　現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)： be+動詞ing.

　　現(xiàn)在進行時常見的標志詞：now, Look! Listen!

　　現(xiàn)在進行時還可以表示將來.如:

　　He is flying to Beijing tomorrow.他明天將乘飛機去北京。

　　練習：

　　I.用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：

　　1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

　　2. Listen ! Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

　　3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

　　4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

　　5. Look! They _______________( have) an English lesson .

　　6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

　　7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

　　8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

　　9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

　　10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

　　11.It's ten o'clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

　　12. What ____he _____(mend)?

　　13. We _____(play)games now.

　　14.What ____you____(do) these days?

　　15. ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

　　16. Who____(sing)in the next room?

　　17. The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

　　II.單項選擇

　　1.Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

　　A. is helping B. are help C. is help D .is helpping

　　2 ._____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

　　A .Who B .How C. What D.Where

　　3. Don't talk here. My mother _____.

　　A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

　　4. Danny ______. Don't call him.

　　A. is writeing B .is writing C. writing D .writes

　　5.-When_____ he_____ back? - Sorry, I don't know.

　　A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is ,come D. is ,coming

　　6. The children _____ football.

　　A. is playing 　B. are playing 　C. play the 　D. play a

　　7. Listen! She____ in the classroom.

　　A. is singing　B. sing 　C .to sing 　D. is sing

　　8. It's six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.

　　A. has　 B. are having 　C. have had　D. had had

　　9. Some Germans _______(visit) our school.

　　A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting

　　10. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow.

　　A. has left 　B. is leaving 　C. had left　 D. has been leaving

　　A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting

　　15.Some Germans _______(visit) our school.

　　知識要點

　　4). 一般將來時

　　一般將來時的用法：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。

　　一般將來時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to + do;②will+ do.

　　一般將來時常用的時間詞：

　　tomorrow, next week (month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow，in+一段時間等。

　　練習：

　　I. 填空。

　　1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

　　I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

　　I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

　　2. 下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我將去打籃球。

　　What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

　　What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

　　3.你們打算什么時候見面。

　　What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

　　II. 用所給詞的適當形式填空。

　　1.Today is a sunny day. We___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

　　2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

　　3.Tom often______________(go) to school on foot.

　　But today is rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

　　4.What do you usually do on weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

　　5.It's Friday today. What _____she_________ (do) this weekend?

　　She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

　　6. What ________ you______ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

　　7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

　　8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

　　9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now

　　知識要點

　　5). 一般過去時

　　一般過去時的用法：間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)�；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。

　　1.過去某個時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.

　　He was a worker two years ago.

　　2.過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.

　　3.談到已故人的情況時多用過去時。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.

　　一般現(xiàn)在時常用的時間詞：yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語,yesterday morning由"last "構(gòu)成的短語last year

　　由"時間段+ago"構(gòu)成的短語, e.g. three days ago; 另外在賓語從句中主句為過去時,一般從句也用過去時.

　　練習：

　　I. 單項選擇。

　　.1 She lived there before he ____to China.

　　A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

　　.2 I _____but _____ nothing.

　　A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard

　　C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of

　　.3 When did you ____here?

　　A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

　　.4 I ____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.

　　A.did B. would do C. was doing D. do

　　.5 -He went shopping with you yesterday afternoon, didn't he? - _______.

　　A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

　　II. 用所給詞的正確形式填空。

　　1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.

　　2 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

　　3. I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

　　4 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

　　5 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.

　　6 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year.

　　7 Did he____(have) lunch at home?

　　8 I _____(eat) the bread before I went to school.

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