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2015年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精讀練習(xí)題
TEXT ONE
Once upon a time—when the U.S. dollar was king—American students blithely flocked overseas to nibble on affordable scones and croissants between classes. How times have changed.As the dollar dips to all-time lows, college students are feeling the pinch. Especially in the United Kingdom and countries that use the euro—which currently is at 68 cents to the dollar—the cost of living has skyrocketed. "Years ago we could say studying abroad was the same price as staying on campus," says Daeya Malboeuf, an associate director at Syracuse University. "There's no way we can say that anymore."
Yet this unfavorable economic environment hasn't stopped students from scrambling overseas. According to the Institute of International Education, study-abroad programs have grown 144 percent in the past decade and continue to increase around 8 percent each year. Considering the rising costs, "it's surprising how little the students haven't been deterred," says Natalie Bartush, who handles the study-abroad program at the University of Texas.
Where the real change appears to be happening as a result of rising prices is in the length and location of students' foreign study choices. The number of participants in short-term summer programs has swelled, as has the interest in courses at more exotic locales. For Middlebury College students, for example, a year in Florence costs around $37,000; at Santiago, Chile, it's $27,000. Such price differences have contributed to modest or flat growth at traditionally popular programs in western Europe and Australia, whereas schools in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and China (particularly Hong Kong) are aggressively expanding to meet rising demand.
Program directors are quick to point out that the shift is not just about money. "You can't understand the United States today without understanding what's going on outside our borders, and that's not just Europe anymore," says Rebecca Hovey, dean of the study-abroad program at the School for International Training. Interest in nontraditional locales spiked even before the dollar began dropping, and foreign countries are marketing themselves to American students. A surge of support from education nonprofits and the State Department also has fueled the trend.
Study-abroad costs also vary wildly based on the way colleges structure their programs. Schools that effectively swap students with a foreign college are less affected by the falling dollar, but American schools that operate their own student centers often end up paying more for rent, utilities, and faculty salaries as the U.S. currency falters. The dollar's slide also means that trying to set student fees in advance is a tiresome guessing game for college officials. Most of these educators' energy, however, is spent scrounging up extra financial aid for needy travelers. Students already getting help can usually transfer their aid to tuition and fees abroad, but basics like housing and food are often at the mercy of the fluctuating dollar. Airfare, which can exceed $1,000 round trip, is not generally included in school fees, and whirlwind trips across continents are rarely cheap.
The emphasis on student financial responsibility is especially evident at private schools like Syracuse, which charges the same pricey tuition abroad as at home. Even at more affordable public universities and private colleges like Middlebury—which charges U.S. students the often cheaper tuition of the international host schools—counselors are quick to peddle the virtue of thrift, a lesson no longer lost between those on safety and culture shock.
1. The fact that American students blithely flocked overseas to nibble on affordable sconesa and croissants implies that_____
[A] studying abroad cost almost the same as staying in U.S. for higher education.
[B] American students were encouraged to study overseas to enrich their experience.
[C] the cost of living at abroad was moderate for American students.
[D] the U.S. dollar was the strongest currency in the world.
2. The changes of study-abroad caused by the dollar’s depreciation are the following ones except_____
[A] students’ enthusiasm of studying abroad in short period does not disappear but vice versa.
[B] students become hesitant when considering long-term overseas programs.
[C] programmes in western Europe and Australia suffer declining popularity.
[D] students who chose to study at certain continents are at a rapid growth.
3. Rebecca Hover’s statement implies that_____
[A] the United States are now more readily influenced by the other countries than before.
[B] shift in the mainland may also be caused by factors outside of America.
[C] Europe can no longer influnece the United States as before.
[D] the United States are extending its influence beyond its boraders.
4. Who are probably most affected by the dollar’s dip?
[A] The international exchange students.
[B] The students who have got scholarships.
[C] The students at costly private schools.
[D] The students at public universities.
5. The best title for this passage is_____
[A] Impact of the Dollar’s Devaluation.
[B] American Students at Abroad.
[C] Study-abroad Costs for American Students.
[D] Shift of American Students’ Foreign Study.
文章剖析：
這篇文章主要講述美元貶值后對(duì)于美國(guó)學(xué)生留學(xué)的影響。第一段講述美元波動(dòng)引起的留學(xué)學(xué)生生活成本的增加;第二段講述即便如此，海外留學(xué)數(shù)量有增無(wú)減;第三段講述生活成本增加后引起的留學(xué)變化;第四段講述留學(xué)的變化也有其他因素的影響;第五段、第六段講述因?qū)W校不同，受美元貶值影響也不同。
詞匯注釋：
blithely adv. 愉快地、高興地 nibble v. 小口快吃
scone n. 烤餅 croissant n. 羊角面包
skyrocket v. 暴漲 spike v. 增強(qiáng)...的效果, 使增添生氣
scrounge v. 搜尋, 搜集
難句突破：
(1) Such price differences have contributed to modest or flat growth at traditionally popular programs in western Europe and Australia, whereas schools in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and China (particularly Hong Kong) are aggressively expanding to meet rising demand.
[主體句式] Such price differences have contributed to…whereas schools are expanding…
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 這是一個(gè)并列句。前面分句中，at traditionally popular programs in …是狀語(yǔ)。
[句子譯文] 價(jià)格的懸殊使得在西歐和澳大利亞較受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目增長(zhǎng)平平，而智利、阿根廷、南非和中國(guó)(尤其是香港)的學(xué)校卻因需求急劇增加，也飛速擴(kuò)大。
(2) Schools that effectively swap students with a foreign college are less affected by the falling dollar, but American schools that operate their own student centers often end up paying more for rent, utilities, and faculty salaries as the U.S. currency falters.
[主體句式] Schools are less affected…, but American schools often end up…
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)并列句。前面分句中，schools后面是以that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;后面分句中，schools后面也有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是后面分句的狀語(yǔ)。
[句子譯文] 而那些與外國(guó)大學(xué)進(jìn)行學(xué)生交換的學(xué)校因美元貶值受到的影響也較小。但是自己運(yùn)營(yíng)學(xué)生中心的美國(guó)學(xué)校卻因?yàn)槊涝牟▌?dòng)，要在房租、設(shè)備、人員工資方面支付更多費(fèi)用。而美元的貶值也意味著提前設(shè)定學(xué)費(fèi)對(duì)于大學(xué)行政人員來說是個(gè)麻煩的估算工作。
題目分析：
1. The fact that American students blithely flocked overseas to nibble on affordable scones and croissants implies that_____1. 美國(guó)學(xué)生高興地大堆跑到其他國(guó)家，在課間品嘗著價(jià)格合適的烤餅和羊角面包，這個(gè)事實(shí)暗示者_(dá)____
[A] studying abroad cost almost the same as staying in the U.S. for higher education.[A] 在國(guó)外接受高等教育和在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)所需費(fèi)用幾乎差不多。
[B] American students were encouraged to study overseas to enrich their experience.[B]美國(guó)學(xué)生受到鼓勵(lì)去過國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)，以使得他們的經(jīng)歷更加豐富。
[C] the cost of living at abroad was moderate for American students.[C] 國(guó)外的生活成本對(duì)于美國(guó)學(xué)生來說是比較低廉的。
[D] the U.S. dollar was the strongest currency in the world. [D] 美元是世界上最堅(jiān)挺的貨幣。
[答案]C
[難度系數(shù)] ☆
[分析]推理題。根據(jù)第一段，題干中的情況是美元堅(jiān)挺時(shí)候的情況。而現(xiàn)在美元貶值了，學(xué)生就感受到了生活成本提高了的壓力。因此，那時(shí)的情況和目前的是個(gè)對(duì)比，而用吃烤餅和羊角面包很便宜的事例反映了當(dāng)時(shí)整體的情況，暗示當(dāng)時(shí)的生活成本比較低。A選項(xiàng)描述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，而不是題干中描述的過去的時(shí)代。此外，B和D選項(xiàng)與本題無(wú)關(guān)，而且D選項(xiàng)本身的表述就是錯(cuò)誤的。因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
2. The changes of study-abroad caused by the dollar’s depreciation are the following ones except_____2. 因?yàn)槊涝H值而引起的在國(guó)外留學(xué)方面的變化是以下除了_____外的其余原因。
[A] students’ enthusiasm of studying abroad in short period does not disappear but vice versa.[A] 學(xué)生們?nèi)?guó)外短期學(xué)習(xí)的熱情不僅沒有消失，反而更加上漲
[B] students become hesitant when considering long-term overseas programs.[B] 學(xué)生們?cè)诳紤]長(zhǎng)期的海外留學(xué)項(xiàng)目時(shí)開始變得猶豫不決
[C] programmes in western Europe and Australia suffer declining popularity.[C] 西歐和澳大利亞的項(xiàng)目沒有以前那么受歡迎了
[D] students who chose to study at certain continents are at a rapid growth.[D] 選擇在某些大洲學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生迅速增加
[答案]B
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆
[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段提到，生活成本的增加(也就是美元的貶值)引起的真正的變化是在國(guó)外留學(xué)的時(shí)間和留學(xué)地方選擇的變化，時(shí)間趨于短期，國(guó)家趨于那些和自己文化相差很大的國(guó)家，而歐洲和澳大利亞的留學(xué)項(xiàng)目沒有明顯增長(zhǎng)�？梢�，A、C、D都是由美元貶值引起的變化。B在文章第二段提到，但這說的是雖然美元貶值了，但在這個(gè)方面沒有引起變化，因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
3. Rebecca Hover’s statement implies that_____3. Rebecca Hover的話暗示者_(dá)____
[A] the United States are now more readily influenced by the other countries than before.[A]美國(guó)現(xiàn)在比從前更容易受到其他國(guó)家的影響。
[B] shift in the mainland may also be caused by factors outside of America.[B]美國(guó)本土的變化可能就是由美國(guó)之外的因素引起的。
[C] Europe can no longer influnece the United States as before.[C] 歐洲不再像從前那樣影響美國(guó)了。
[D] the United States are extending its influence beyond its boraders.[D]美國(guó)將自己的影響延伸到了自己的國(guó)境之外。
[答案] B
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆☆
[分析]推理題。RebeccaHover說的話是：“現(xiàn)在如果你不知道我們美國(guó)之外的地方的情況，就不能說你了解美國(guó)。美國(guó)之外的地方現(xiàn)在也不僅僅指歐洲了。” 根據(jù)第四段上下文的意思，本段主要講述發(fā)生的變化不僅僅是因?yàn)槊涝H值的原因，另外的原因就是其他國(guó)家也發(fā)生了一定的變化。結(jié)合這個(gè)意思，可以推導(dǎo)出，這個(gè)陳述主要就是為了說明其他國(guó)家的變化也會(huì)引起美國(guó)發(fā)生變化，選項(xiàng)中B最為符合題意。
4. Who are probably most affected by the dollar’s dip?4. 誰(shuí)受美元貶值的影響最大?
[A] The international exchange students.[A] 國(guó)際交換學(xué)生。
[B] The students who have got scholarships.[B] 已經(jīng)獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的學(xué)生。
[C] The students at costly private schools.[C] 在昂貴的私立學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。
[D] The students at public universities.[D] 在公立學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。
[答案]C
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆
[分析]推理題。第五段提到，那些與外國(guó)學(xué)院交換學(xué)生的學(xué)校受美元貶值影響不大，但對(duì)自己運(yùn)作學(xué)生中心的美國(guó)學(xué)校影響大，第六段提到在向錫拉庫(kù)扎這樣的私立學(xué)校，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生自己負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用;而公立學(xué)校和普通私立學(xué)校也倡導(dǎo)節(jié)約。由此對(duì)比可見，昂貴的私立學(xué)校學(xué)生受的影響可能最大。因此，答案為C選項(xiàng)。
5. The best title for this passage is_____5. 這篇文章最好的題目為_____
[A] Impact of the Dollar’s Devaluation.[A] 美元貶值的影響。
[B] American Students at Abroad.[B] 美國(guó)學(xué)生在國(guó)外。
[C] Study-abroad Costs for American Students.[C] 美國(guó)學(xué)生國(guó)外花費(fèi)。
[D] Shift of American Students’ Foreign Study.[D] 美國(guó)學(xué)生留學(xué)的變化。
[答案]D
[難度系數(shù)] ☆☆☆
[分析]主旨題。這篇文章主要講述了美元貶值后，美國(guó)學(xué)生海外留學(xué)的一些變化及其原因。選項(xiàng)中D最為符合這一主題，為正確答案。
參考譯文：
當(dāng)美元還是老大的時(shí)候，美國(guó)學(xué)生都高高興興地成群跑到海外上學(xué)，課間可以品嘗價(jià)格合適的烤餅和羊角面包�？墒菚r(shí)代變化的真快啊。美元突然跌到空前的低點(diǎn)，學(xué)生們都感到了壓力。特別是在英國(guó)和使用歐元的國(guó)家里(目前歐元對(duì)美元的匯率為68歐分兌1美元)，生活的成本陡然增加。“幾年前，我們可以說在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)和在國(guó)內(nèi)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)花費(fèi)差不多，”錫拉庫(kù)扎大學(xué)的副院長(zhǎng)Daeya Malboeuf這樣說，“但我們現(xiàn)在可不能這么說了。”
但即使在這么不好的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，學(xué)生們還是爭(zhēng)先恐后到海外去。國(guó)際教育學(xué)院認(rèn)為，在過去十年內(nèi)，海外學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目增長(zhǎng)了144%，而且還以每年4%的速度在繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)�？紤]到上升的成本問題，德克薩斯大學(xué)海外教育項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人Natalie Bartush說，“奇怪的是有很少學(xué)生因此而不去上學(xué)的。”
因?yàn)閮r(jià)格升高真正出現(xiàn)的變化是學(xué)生對(duì)于國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短和學(xué)習(xí)地點(diǎn)的選擇。參加短期暑假學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生數(shù)量急劇增加，此外他們更有興趣到那些和自己文化相異頗大的地方學(xué)習(xí)。比如，Middlebury學(xué)院的學(xué)生在佛羅倫薩一年的消費(fèi)要3萬(wàn)7千美元;而在圣地亞哥和智利只要2萬(wàn)7千美元。價(jià)格的懸殊使得在西歐和澳大利亞較受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目增長(zhǎng)平平，而智利、阿根廷、南非和中國(guó)(尤其是香港)的學(xué)校卻因需求急劇增加，也飛速擴(kuò)大。
項(xiàng)目主任指出這種變化不僅僅是因?yàn)橘M(fèi)用。“現(xiàn)在如果你不知道美國(guó)之外其他地方的情況，就不能說你了解美國(guó)。美國(guó)之外的地方現(xiàn)在也不僅僅指歐洲了。” 國(guó)家教育學(xué)校海外教育項(xiàng)目主任Rebecca Hovey說道。在美元貶值前學(xué)生們對(duì)非傳統(tǒng)地區(qū)的興趣就已經(jīng)開始增加了，而外國(guó)學(xué)校也在向美國(guó)學(xué)生宣傳自己。而教育非盈利和美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院增加的扶持也推動(dòng)了這種趨勢(shì)。
海外教育費(fèi)用也因?qū)W校組織項(xiàng)目方式的不同方式而有很大差異。而那些與外國(guó)大學(xué)進(jìn)行學(xué)生交換的學(xué)校因美元貶值受到的影響也較小。但是自己運(yùn)營(yíng)學(xué)生中心的美國(guó)學(xué)校卻因?yàn)槊涝牟▌?dòng)，要在房租、設(shè)備、人員工資方面支付更多費(fèi)用。而美元的貶值也意味著提前設(shè)定學(xué)費(fèi)對(duì)于大學(xué)行政人員來說是個(gè)麻煩的估算工作。但是，大多數(shù)教育者的精力卻花費(fèi)在給那些貧困的旅客尋找額外的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助上面。已經(jīng)獲得援助的學(xué)生可以支付在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)費(fèi)，但是其它的必需花費(fèi)，如租房、伙食費(fèi)就會(huì)受到美元波動(dòng)的影響。超過1000美元的往返機(jī)票也一般不包括在學(xué)校費(fèi)用中，而跨洲航班很少有便宜的。
在像錫拉庫(kù)扎這樣的私立學(xué)校，學(xué)生需要自己負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)費(fèi)用的現(xiàn)象更是突出，這些私立學(xué)校對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外學(xué)生都收取同樣昂貴的學(xué)費(fèi)。公立大學(xué)或是像Middlebury這樣的私立學(xué)院一般向美國(guó)學(xué)生收取的學(xué)費(fèi)要比國(guó)際寄宿學(xué)校收取得少，相對(duì)比較便宜，但現(xiàn)在法律顧問也在提倡節(jié)約，這是安全與文化沖擊之間不再會(huì)失去的一個(gè)教訓(xùn)。
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