考研英語閱讀暑期練習(xí)題

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2016考研英語閱讀暑期練習(xí)題

　　第一篇：

2016考研英語閱讀暑期練習(xí)題

　　Dr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years， and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him， however， they'd want to shake his hand——and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries， and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.

　　Young， 51， head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick， N.J.， was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then， the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward： When a cord is damaged， it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center， Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom， but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords， he knew， experience progressive damage after they're injured， including swelling and inflammation， which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs， might some function be preserved?

　　Young spent a decade looking into the question， and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury， about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything， but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator， walking or spending one's life in a wheelchair. “This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy，” Young says.

　　A global revolution， actually. More than 50，000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year， and these days， methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Young is still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured， but the relief it offers is only partial， and many spinal-injury victims were hurt before it became available. Young's dream is to help those people too——to restore function already lost——and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchers around the world pull together， he has created the International Neurotrauma Society， founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website (carecure.rutgers.edu) that receives thousands of hits each day.

　　“The cure for spinal injury is going to be a combination of therapies，” Young says. “It's the most collaborative field I know.” Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had a field general， his name would be Wise Young.

　　注(1)：本文選自Time;8/20/2001， p54;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2004年真題text 3;

　　1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could”(Line three， Paragraph 1)， the author means_______________.

　　[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.

　　[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.

　　[C] When meeting him， many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.

　　[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.

　　2. How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?

　　[A] pessimistic

　　[B] optimistic

　　[C] confused

　　[D] carefree

　　3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardly everything”(Line 3， Paragraph 3)， the author is talking about_____________.

　　[A] the drug

　　[B] the function of the injured body

　　[C] the function of the drug

　　[D] the injury

　　4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?

　　[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.

　　[B] His treatment is standard.

　　[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.

　　[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.

　　5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?

　　[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.

　　[B] When Young was young， he did not have much reason to ask questions.

　　[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field， Young might be the right person.

　　[D] Young‘s dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.

　　答案：D A B A C

　　第二篇：

　　Scientists have known for more than two decades that cancer is a disease of the genes. Something scrambles the Dna inside a nucleus， and suddenly， instead of dividing in a measured fashion， a cell begins to copy itself furiously. Unlike an ordinary cell， it never stops. But describing the process isn't the same as figuring it out. Cancer cells are so radically different from normal ones that it's almost impossible to untangle the sequence of events that made them that way. So for years researchers have been attacking the problem by taking normal cells and trying to determine what changes will turn them cancerous——always without success.

　　Until now. According to a report in the current issue of Nature， a team of scientists based at M.I.T.'s Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research has finally managed to make human cells malignant——a feat they accomplished with two different cell types by inserting just three altered genes into their DNA. While these manipulations were done only in lab dishes and won't lead to any immediate treatment， they appear to be a crucial step in understanding the disease. This is a “landmark paper，” wrote Jonathan Weitzman and Moshe Yaniv of the Pasteur Institute in Paris， in an accompanying commentary.

　　The dramatic new result traces back to a breakthrough in 1983， when the Whitehead's Robert Weinberg and colleagues showed that mouse cells would become cancerous when spiked with two altered genes. But when they tried such alterations on human cells， they didn't work. Since then， scientists have learned that mouse cells differ from human cells in an important respect： they have higher levels of an enzyme called telomerase. That enzyme keeps caplike structures called telomeres on the ends of chromosomes from getting shorter with each round of cell division. Such shortening is part of a cell's aging process， and since cancer cells keep dividing forever， the Whitehead group reasoned that making human cells more mouselike might also make them cancerous.

　　The strategy worked. The scientists took connective-tissue and kidney cells and introduced three mutated genes——one that makes cells divide rapidly; another that disables two substances meant to rein in excessive division; and a third that promotes the production of telomerase， which made the cells essentially immortal. They'd created a tumor in a test tube. “Some people believed that telomerase wasn't that important，” says the Whitehead's William Hahn， the study's lead author. “This allows us to say with some certainty that it is.”

　　Understanding cancer cells in the lab isn't the same as understanding how it behaves in a living body， of course. But by teasing out the key differences between normal and malignant cells， doctors may someday be able to design tests to pick up cancer in its earliest stages. The finding could also lead to drugs tailored to attack specific types of cancer， thereby lessening our dependence on tissue-destroying chemotherapy and radiation. Beyond that， the Whitehead research suggests that this stubbornly complex disease may have a simple origin， and the identification of that origin may turn out to be the most important step of all.

　　注(1)：本文選自Time; 08/09/99， p60， 3/5p， 2c

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2002年真題text 4

　　1. From the first paragraph， we learn that ________________.

　　[A] scientists had understood what happened to normal cells that made them behave strangely

　　[B] when a cell begins to copy itself without stopping， it becomes cancerous

　　[C] normal cells do no copy themselves

　　[D] the DNA inside a nucleus divides regularly

　　2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

　　[A] The scientists traced the source of cancers by figuring out their DNA order.

　　[B] A treatment to cancers will be available within a year or two.

　　[C] The finding paves way for tackling cancer.

　　[D] The scientists successfully turned cancerous cells into healthy cells.