2017考研英語不定式語法重難點精解
下面是CN人才網(wǎng)小編為大家整理的考研英語中的不定式重點難點解讀,希望對大家有所幫助。
1. 充當賓語補足語
(1)有些及物動詞賓語后常接不定式作賓語補足語,構(gòu)成復合賓語,如ask, advise, allow, command, compel, enable, encourage, expect, invite, tell, force, wish, want, like, oblige, order, permit, prefer, persuade, remind, request, require, send, warn, cause, trouble, urge, instruct, help, lead, press, drive等。
例句: As a way of coping with the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.
(1999年第28題)
分析: 該句是并列句。分詞短語asking the senders to write again later修飾slips,介詞短語As a way of coping with the mails在句中作狀語。
譯文: 作為他們外出時處理郵件的一種方法,約翰遜一家讓清潔女工給寫信人寄去事先印好的便條,讓他們以后再來信。
例句: “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the market place?” (選自2003年Text 3)
分析: 該句是復合句。其中who wins and who loses...在句中作介詞of的賓語。
譯文: “難道我們真的要讓鐵路公司成為決定市場上誰興誰衰的仲裁者嗎?”
(2)下列動詞接不定式作賓語補足語時常省略不定式符號to。如:see, watch, observe, notice, feel, hear, perceive, smell, look at, listen to, have, make, let等,但以上動詞用于被動語態(tài)時,要加上to。
例句: A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. (選自2011年Text 2)
分析: 該句是簡單句。cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations在句中作賓語senior managers的補足語,而cloud their reputations又作賓語vague pronouncements的補足語,cloud前省略了to,其意為“使混亂,玷污”。
譯文: 一種動蕩的商業(yè)環(huán)境同樣使得高管們小心謹慎,以避免模糊的表態(tài)有損他們的聲譽。
例句: He was let to come in and sit with other workmates who had already completed their work.
分析: 該句是復合句。定語從句who had already completed their work修飾other workmates。
譯文: 有人讓他進來和那些已經(jīng)做完活計的工友們坐在一起。
(3)不定式在介詞except,but后作賓語時,其前有動詞do的`某種形式要省去to,反之加上to。
例句: My mother alone is in the railway station, so she has nothing to do except/but wait for me.
分析: 該句是并列句。
譯文: 母親一個人在車站,所以除了等我外,她無事可做。
例句: That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but/except to call in the police.
分析: 該句是復合句。第二個that后引導一個狀語從句,表示結(jié)果。
譯文: 問題過于嚴重,于是除了給警察打電話外,我別無他法。
2. 充當主語補足語把帶有賓語補足語的謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)變成被動語態(tài)時,原來的賓語補足語也轉(zhuǎn)變成主語補足語。
例句: He wasn?t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members. (1998年第9題)
分析: 該句是簡單句。分詞being considered...在句中作狀語表示原因,相當于because he had been considered insufficiently...;to take on為主語補足語。
譯文: 考慮到他不能受到每個成員的歡迎,所以沒有邀請他擔任協(xié)會的主席之職。
例句: We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. (2009年第50題)
分析: 該句是復合句。句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是we are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 在整個句子中作狀語,其中which引導一個定語從句,修飾the broad educational process;破折號后的內(nèi)容作a more formal kind of education的同位語。
譯文: 因此,這就使得我們得以在一直討論的廣義的教育過程中,進一步區(qū)別出一種更為正規(guī)的教育,即直接教學或?qū)W校教育。
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