考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型之作者態(tài)度分析
在考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型中，作者態(tài)度題每年都會(huì)涉及，題量不會(huì)很大，基本每次一題。能否正確把握作者態(tài)度對(duì)于文章的整體理解是至關(guān)重要的。
1. 標(biāo)志：attitude
2. 作者的態(tài)度只分為三種：支持或贊同；中立或客觀；懷疑、批評(píng)或反對(duì)
3. 判定作者態(tài)度的方法
A) 尋找?guī)в凶髡邚?qiáng)烈感情色彩的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞或者副詞來判定作者態(tài)度。
如2009年大綱樣題(1996年真題)
“The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible (不負(fù)責(zé)任的，明顯是一個(gè)貶義詞，作者就是批判股東的)wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.” “Fortunately, (幸運(yùn)的，明顯后面連接的是作者支持的，即行業(yè)公會(huì)起了一個(gè)好的作用)however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them.”
61. According of the passage, all of the following are true except that ________.
[A] the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers
[B] the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers
[C] the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly
[D] the trade unions seemed to play a positive role (行業(yè)公會(huì)扮演了一個(gè)積極的角色)
62. The author is most critical of ________.
[A] family firm owners
[B] landowners
[C] managers
[D] shareholders (批判股東)
B) 段首句中含有“but, yet, however, in fact”類表示強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞時(shí)，這句話通常表征作者觀點(diǎn)。
如2004年第四篇：
"Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
But they could and should be. (但學(xué)�？赡芤矐�(yīng)該成為一種反學(xué)識(shí)的抗衡力，即作者是支持學(xué)識(shí)的.)Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society."
60、What does the author think of intellect?
[A] It is second to intelligence.
[B] It evolves from common sense.
[C] It is to be pursued. (支持學(xué)識(shí)觀點(diǎn)，即學(xué)識(shí)值得我們追求)
[D] It underlies power.
C) 根據(jù)作者所舉的例證來判定。正面的例子就是支持，反面的例子就是反對(duì)，一正一反就是中立客觀。
如2009年大綱樣題(1997年真題)
“Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by a deadly injection or pill — to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a "cooling off" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. "I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks," he says.”(安樂死的通過提高了他的生活質(zhì)量，明顯是一個(gè)正面的例子，就表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)——支持安樂死)
54. The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _______.
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval (支持)
[D] indifference
4. 作者態(tài)度題中經(jīng)常出的表征態(tài)度的形容詞
A) 支持或贊成：positive, approving, supportive, optimistic, sympathetic, complimentary, affectionate, confident, appreciative, similar, identical
B) 中立或客觀：neutral, objective, impartial, unbiased, detached
C) 懷疑、批評(píng)或反對(duì)：negative, disapproving, critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning, suspicious, skeptical, scornful, contemptible, opposite, cynical
D) 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，永遠(yuǎn)不選：subjective, indifferent, puzzling, compromising, biased
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