總結(jié)考研英語閱讀理解考點預(yù)測
I 高頻考點出處
一、as結(jié)構(gòu)
regard…as…(2011)
call…as…(2011)
use…as…(2004)
consider…as…(2004)
treat…as…(2014)
portray…as…(2012)
view…as…
see…as…
look upon…as
treat…as…
think of…as…
二、否定詞
2011 Q22 細節(jié)題---猜詞 unpretentious—modest
2011 Q39 細節(jié)推理題---猜詞 unrealistic—misleading
2012 Q26 詞義題 reneging on—dishonoring
2012 Q40 態(tài)度題 but, bad—disapproval
2013 Q23詞義題 indictment—accusation
2014 Q24 細節(jié)推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get—uneasy
2015 Q27 態(tài)度題 discard—disapproval
三、特殊標點
2013 Q34 細節(jié)題冒號
2012 Q24 細節(jié)推理題冒號
2012Q 29 細節(jié)題冒號
2011 Q36 觀點題冒號
2007 Q31 細節(jié)題冒號
2012 Q36 推理題分號
2013 Q25 主旨題分號
2014 Q38 細節(jié)題分號
II 閱讀解題技巧
一、細節(jié)題
【解題方法】題干+選項精確定位法
【解題步驟】
1、 找題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章（題干的關(guān)鍵詞一般會定位到文章的某句或者相連的兩句中)
2、將所選答案精確定位到文章
【例題】2012年Text1
22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers’ experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、題干定位：段落的最后一句
Rosenberg--- Rosenberg
holds---argues
that---that
public-health advocates--- public-health advocates
should---ought to
因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
2、選項定位
答案[B] learn from advertisers’ experience
learn from---take a page from 表“學(xué)習(xí)”。
experience---skilled 表示“有經(jīng)驗的，很嫻熟的”。
二、推斷題
【解題方法】找段落中心句
尋找段落中心句方法：
第一、邏輯上出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系的句子（轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示詞的句子）；
第二、有明確表示觀點的路標指引詞（think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…）
第三、含有情態(tài)動詞的句子（should, must…）
第四、含有特殊標點的句子（冒號、破折號、引號、括號）
第五、特殊句型（疑問句、倒裝句、強調(diào)句、省略句）
第六、平鋪直敘段落中，注意首末句
【解題步驟】
1、根據(jù)題干，尋找該段落中心句,
2、正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
【例題】2009年Text4
37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history
[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、尋找段落中心句（轉(zhuǎn)折處）
But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.
2、正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
New Englanders--- the original Puritans
brought with ---carriers
them---the original puritans
the culture---culture
old world---European
三、態(tài)度題
【解題方法】作者態(tài)度分類法
1、在判斷感情色彩時，應(yīng)結(jié)合以下兩點。
1）作者態(tài)度可以分為三大類：a. 正向態(tài)度：支持，樂觀，贊同；b. 客觀、中立、公正；c. 負向態(tài)度：反對、批評、懷疑
2）特別注意作者的態(tài)度一般與文章中心相聯(lián)系。不要把自己的態(tài)度納入其中，而且要注意區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用別人的態(tài)度。
2、匹配選項。匹配選項時應(yīng)該注意：
1）有些選項一定不是正確答案（永陪選項）：indifferent（漠不關(guān)心）；subjective（主觀的）；biased（有偏見的）；puzzled（迷惑不解的）。
2）一般帶有絕對化或者過于強烈的語氣的選項必然是錯誤的，如：strongly；completely；entirely。
3、 態(tài)度題的新趨勢：
1）現(xiàn)在題目的考察不僅僅局限于作者的態(tài)度，也開始考察文章中某人的觀點和態(tài)度，做題時特別應(yīng)該注意看清楚題目考察的是誰對誰的態(tài)度。
2）選項可能不在是態(tài)度明確的肯定或者否定的詞，而是改為帶有程度限制的詞語，帶有如下詞語的選項往往是正確的：guarded慎重的，qualified有條件的，tempered緩和的，因為帶有保留態(tài)度的觀點比較客觀，一般帶有絕對化或者過于強烈的語氣的選項必然是錯誤的，如：strongly completely entirely
【解題步驟】
1、判斷選項ABCD的態(tài)度正負向，將四個選項進行分類（正向，負向）
2、根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，回文定位判斷態(tài)度。
【例題】2015年Text 2
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.
27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D] cautiousness.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、判斷選項態(tài)度的正負向
[A] disapproval反對的.（負）
[B] indifference漠不關(guān)心的（中立）
[C] tolerance包容（正）
[D] cautiousness謹慎的（正）
2、回文判斷態(tài)度
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument
因此，根據(jù)文章的discarding，可以確定是表示負向否定態(tài)度，因此答案選A。
四、主旨題
【解題方法】1、串線法 2、主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)法 3、框架法
【解題步驟】
1、找出段落中心句或者主題詞
2、串聯(lián)各段段落中心句，合并同類項，即可得出全文主旨
【例題】2008年Text 1
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、總結(jié)每段中心
Para1 女性比男性壓力大
Para2 從生物角度而言，女性比男性壓力大
Para3 現(xiàn)實中，女性比男性壓力大
Para4 女性和男性面對的壓力的不同特點
Para5 舉例論證女性壓力的特點
Para6 女性壓力的現(xiàn)狀及應(yīng)對建議
2、合并同類項，即可得出全文主旨
Para1 women men stress
Para2 women men stress
Para3 women men stress
Para4 women men stress
Para5 women stress
Para6 women stress
Para1-Para4 women men stress（兩性壓力不平等）
Para5-Para6 women stress（壓力下的女性）
正確答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
五、詞匯題
【解題方法】1、構(gòu)詞法猜詞 2、語法猜詞
【解題步驟】
1、拆分詞詞根詞綴
2、聯(lián)系上下文語法猜詞
【例題】2011年Text1
22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A]influential. [B]modest. [C]respectable. [D]talented.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
【解題步驟】
第一步：本題表面是細節(jié)題，定位為
題干：Tommasini 文章：Tommasini
regards…as… call…(as)…
Gilbert him
an an
artist musician
who is unpretentious
第二步：本題轉(zhuǎn)化為猜詞題
詞根詞綴猜詞：un+pretent+ious，其中pretent是pretend（假裝）的詞根，單詞的表面意思是“不假裝的”，意思就是“謙虛的，低調(diào)的”，因此選B。
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