長難句分析 成考英語閱讀滿分的要領(lǐng)
在閱讀中，尤其是在試卷閱讀理解C、D篇中，長難句是必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)的，而對長難句的理解會(huì)直接影響我們的閱讀成績。那么，一定的長難句分析訓(xùn)練是必須的，具體該怎么做呢?來給大家一些示例以供參考!
1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than anyother group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.
【句式翻譯】例如，進(jìn)入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意購買電腦游戲，因此，針對這個(gè)目標(biāo)群體制作有吸引力的電腦游戲廣告是有意義的。
【句式分析】本句是一個(gè)含有so引導(dǎo)表示結(jié)果的復(fù)合句，同時(shí)又含有一個(gè)than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。
【詞語點(diǎn)撥】1)likely adj. 可能的，常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能……
He's very likely to send me an email tonight.=It's very likely that he'll send me an email tonight.
很可能他今晚會(huì)給我發(fā)電子郵件。
2) make sense 有意義;講得通;make sense of 理解
I can't follow these instructions -- they don'tmake sense.
我不理解這些指示--根本講不通嘛。
We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it.
我們我們把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它說些什么。
3) appeal to 吸引;
appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事;求助于
Blue and red appeal to me, but I don't like gray or yellow.
我喜歡藍(lán)色和紅色, 而不喜歡灰色或黃色。
Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him.
杰克真切地向朋友請求支持。
We can appeal to the website for the information we need.
我們可以在網(wǎng)上查找我們需要的信息。
【語法點(diǎn)撥】本句中的than any other…，意為"比其他任何一個(gè)……"，所談?wù)摰膶ο笤诒容^的范圍之內(nèi);若不在范圍之內(nèi)，則不用 other。如：
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
中國比亞洲任何別的國家都大。
China is larger than any country in Africa.
中國比非洲的任何國家都大。
2.The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.
【句式翻譯】年輕人越多接觸經(jīng)濟(jì)問題、越早地了解這些問題，他們就更有可能成為有責(zé)任感的.、早作打算的成年人，能夠有信心地、有效地管理自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。
【句式分析】本句含有"the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)"的句式，同時(shí)又含有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞adults。
【詞語點(diǎn)撥】1) expose vt.揭露;使暴露;
be exposed to 暴露于;接觸
We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.
我們一定要向報(bào)社揭露這一無恥行徑。
We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas.
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讓孩子們接觸新思想。
2)manage v.設(shè)法對付;管理
manage to do 設(shè)法做成
We need people who are good at managing.
我們需要擅長管理的人。
He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.
他設(shè)法把游客及時(shí)送到機(jī)場。
【語法點(diǎn)撥】"the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)"，表示"越……越……"。如：
The more we get together, the happier we'll be.
我們越是多聚會(huì), 我們越快樂。
3.She found that kids praised for"trying hard" did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being"smart".
【句式翻譯】她發(fā)現(xiàn)因?yàn)榕Ρ槐頁P(yáng)的孩子比因?yàn)槁斆鞅槐頁P(yáng)的孩子在考試中表現(xiàn)得更好，更愿意承擔(dān)困難的任務(wù)。
【句式分析】本句含有一個(gè)than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。
【詞語點(diǎn)撥】take on 承擔(dān);呈現(xiàn)
He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他一向樂于挑重?fù)?dān)。
The chameleon can take on the colour of its background.
變色龍可呈現(xiàn)出與其背景相同的顏色。
【語法點(diǎn)撥】當(dāng)我們要對兩個(gè)人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，就采用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成：形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)+than+比較成分，意思是："更……些"或"較……"。
In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge.
一句話，實(shí)踐遠(yuǎn)比書本知識(shí)重要。
4.He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master's degree at university in chemistry.
【句式翻譯】他讀中學(xué)和大學(xué)的那段時(shí)間都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大學(xué)里獲得化學(xué)碩士學(xué)位后的那一年。
【句式分析】本句含有一個(gè)after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中運(yùn)用了過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
【詞語點(diǎn)撥】gain vt.(經(jīng)過努力)獲得，取得
We gain knowledge by practicing again and again.我們從反復(fù)訓(xùn)練中獲取知識(shí)。
They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university.他們認(rèn)識(shí)到僅僅通過這個(gè)考試，并不能確保在大學(xué)獲得一席之位。
【語法點(diǎn)撥】過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：had done，表示"過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是"過去的過去"。表示過去某一時(shí)間可用by, before, after等構(gòu)成的短語，也可用when, before等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文表示。
如：His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift hehad long expected.當(dāng)她終于收到她盼望已久的禮物時(shí)，她興奮得兩眼閃光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12歲時(shí)，愛迪生就已經(jīng)開始自己謀生了。
5. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
【句式翻譯】到本世紀(jì)末，我們將會(huì)在太陽系中發(fā)現(xiàn)其他適合人類居住的星球，并將發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行更遠(yuǎn)空間探索的方法。
【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞and連接的復(fù)合句，句中運(yùn)用了將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。
【詞語點(diǎn)撥】suitable adj.合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
構(gòu)成短語：be suitable for 適合……
They don't think this article is suitable for publication.
他們認(rèn)為這篇文章不宜發(fā)表。
John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.
約翰想換一個(gè)更加適合的工作。
【語法點(diǎn)撥】將來完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：will have done，表示"到將來某一時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作"。常與by + 將來時(shí)間，before+將來時(shí)間和by the time 引導(dǎo)的表示將來時(shí)間的從句連用。如：
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就會(huì)寫完他的小說了。
6. In today's world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word "hero" will have lost all meaning.
【句式翻譯】在當(dāng)今世界，人們祝賀獲勝者，并把他們看作英雄，但如果服用興奮劑和基因治療繼續(xù)影響著主要體育項(xiàng)目的成績的話，"英雄"就失去了它的全部意義。
【句式分析】本句是由并列連詞but連接的復(fù)合句，第二個(gè)分句運(yùn)用了將來完成時(shí)，同時(shí)，包含有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
【詞語點(diǎn)撥】1) celebrate vt.慶祝
The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks.
全城放焰火來慶祝新年。
2) affect vt.影響，感動(dòng)
I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.
我堅(jiān)定的告訴他，他的觀點(diǎn)不會(huì)影響我的決定。
The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.
在場的聽眾都被他的演講深深地打動(dòng)了。
【語法點(diǎn)撥】將來完成時(shí), 具體用法第5句。
8.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.
【句式翻譯】歷史上有記載的最早的傳染病之一發(fā)生在公元500-550年，當(dāng)時(shí)的羅馬皇帝正在試圖重建羅馬帝國。
【句式分析】本句包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，從句中運(yùn)用了過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
【詞語點(diǎn)撥】attempt v./n.嘗試，試圖
William attempted to find the solution to the problem.
威廉試圖找到問題的解決辦法。
He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.
他在試圖游到對岸去時(shí)差一點(diǎn)被淹死。
【語法點(diǎn)撥】過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：was/were doing，表示"過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作"。常用的時(shí)間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：
What was he writing all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在寫什么?
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來受傷了。
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