自主招生考試英語(yǔ)試題

　　自主招生考試英語(yǔ)試題和答案

　　第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)

　　A

　　Can you resist cream cakes? I miss my sugar! I’ve decided to lose weight and I had to give up cakes. It’s difficult because I have a sweet tooth and I love cream cakes.

　　Not having treats can be good for your health. I’ve heard that the Burts, a family of five in South East England，lived sugar free for a whole year after they found out their daughter had diabetes (糖尿 病).It wasn’t easy. To avoid temptation, I don’t go to any bakeries, but this family actually owns one, which makes up to 3 ,000 cakes a week.

　　They were in shock when the doctor said that their 16-year-old Lucy had to check her blood sugar levels regularly and take insulin (胰島素). He advised her to eat a normal,balanced diet,but the Burts went further and got rid of sugar altogether.

　　And how does it feel to live without sugar for a while? Jason Burt said that for a month they felt weak. But later on it all changed. He says he feels “more awake” and full of energy.

　　And what about the Burt family business? It had to keep using half a ton of sugar a week and any cook worth his salt knows that you have to taste a recipe to know if it’s right. No problem there,says Jason Burt’s wife, Clare. She points out that she’s got lots of people offering to taste the cakes for them. The family is also thinking about selling more delicious products.

　　I wonder what makes us have a strong desire for sweet food. Anyway, I’ve decided to forget about the sweet taste of sugar for a while. As British model Kate Moss says：“Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels.”

　　21.From the passage, what do we know about the author?

　　A. The author runs a bakery.

　　B. The author hates sweet taste.

　　C. The author is on a diet.

　　D. The author’s daughter had diabetes.

　　22.What did the Burts do after hearing the doctor’s advice?

　　A.They were shocked.

　　B. They went too far about it.

　　C.They used half a ton of sugar a week.

　　D. They avoided sugar completely.

　　23.From the passage we can learn it is necessary for a cook .

　　A.to make up to 3 ,000 cakes a week

　　B.to taste a recipe to know if it’s right

　　C.to get lots of people offering to taste the cakes

　　D.to selling more delicious products

　　24.What does the sentence by Kate Moss mean?

　　A.It is worthwhile to resist food to look skinny.

　　B.There is nothing tasting as good as sweets.

　　C.Nothing tastes good when the skin feels terrible.

　　D.Nobody can resist the desire for sweets.

　　B

　　Parents will do anything for their children. Whether it would be the food, clothes, or the place they live in,parents will always make sure their children have the best of everything. One of the big-gest concerns that parents currently have is educating their children. They are faced with lots of diffi-culties when it comes to education for their young ones. Choices include private school, charter school,public school or home schooling.

　　Fortunately for parents，there are a variety of different strategies that they can take in order to in-crease their child’s overall intelligence. According to Ross A. Thompson, PhD, professor of psychol-ogy at the University of California at Davis, a child’s brain will actually reach 90% of its full size by the time they start kindergarten.

　　Researchers at Northwestern University in Chicago concluded that playing a musical instrument directly affected the brain stem, the lower section of the brain. Moreover, children that learn an in-strument at an early age tend to continue it when they are older. And numerous studies show that a well balanced meal is essential for a child’s mental as well as physical health. Some other researchers recommended that a second language should be taught when children are in preschool. They state that three to four years of age is the perfect time and that any age under four would work perfectly fine for a child’s brain development.

　　The average child will learn how to read between kindergarten and second grade. Many parents can give their children a jump start by teaching them to read before they start school. Children could have an adequate background of the alphabet and sounds of words before attending school. This can be done by simply reading to them whenever you want. The more comfortable they get,the easier the process will be.

　　25.From the first paragraph, we can infer that .

　　A.parents find it hard to satisfy their kids’ various demands

　　B.parents meet a new challenge when raising their kids

　　C.parents have more choices in offering education to their kids

　　D.parents get actively involved in the process of their kids’ growth

　　26.What suggestion may the researchers in the passage make?

　　A.To train kids as early as possible.

　　B.To try as many means as possible.

　　C.To help kids develop as fully as possible.

　　D.To use as many available resources as possible.

　　27.What does the third paragraph mainly discuss about?

　　A.The proper time to teach children to learn languages.

　　B.The effective ways to help develop children’s brains.

　　C.The vital factors to have a great effect on children's health.

　　D.The practical steps to arouse children’s interest in study.

　　28.We can replace the words “jump start” in the last paragraph with .

　　A.inspiration B. introduction

　　C. suggestion D. promotion

　　C

　　One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. This idea has inspired the award-winning photographer Andrew Zuckerman. He interviewed and took photos of fifty over-sixty-five-year-olds all over the world. His project explores various aspects of their lives. The photos and interviews are now available on our website.

　　Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.

　　Let us now have a culture of peace.

　　一Federico Mayor Zaragoza, Spain

　　Federico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy (藥學(xué))from the Complutense Uni- versity of Madrid in 1958. After many years spent in politics, he became Director-General of UNESCO in 1987. In 1999，he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace, of which he is now the president. In addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays.

　　Writing is a discovery.

　　一Nadine Gordimer，South Africa

　　Due to a weak heart, Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly. She read widely and began writing at an early age. She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works,which have been translated into forty languages.In 1991Gordimer won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

　　Jazz is about the only form of art today.

　　—Dave Brubeck, USA

　　Dave Brubeck studied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942. After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz. In 1951,he recorded his first album (專輯).Brubeck’s 1959 album has become a jazz standard.He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.

　　For more figures CLICK HERE.

　　29.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?

　　A.Because their accomplishments inspired him.

　　B.Because they are physically impressive.

　　C.Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.

　　D.Because they have similar experiences.

　　30.According to the web page, Federico Mayor Zaragoza .

　　A.has won many awards for his work in politics

　　B.has served as the president of a university

　　C.has devoted all his life to the field of science

　　D.has made achievements in different areas

　　31.Who most probably said “My education has been the library and books” in the interview when re-flecting on his/her experience?

　　A. Andrew Zuckerman. B. Federico Mayor Zaragoza.

　　C.Nadine Gordimer. D. Dave Brubeck.

　　32.What is the main purpose of this web page?

　　A.To publicize Zuckerman’s project.

　　B.To show Zuckerman’s awards.

　　C.To spread the wisdom of the three people.

　　D.To celebrate the achievements of the three people.

　　D

　　As early as the mid-18th century, some people began raising doubts about Marco Polo’s travels. In 1995,historian Frances Wood argued in her book Did Marco Polo Go to China ? that the famous explorer from Venice never made it to pass the Black Sea. She noted that his travel journal left out the Great Wall of China,chopsticks and tea drinking among other details.Furthermore, Chinese documents from Polo’s day made no mention of the explorer and his men. Last year, a team of Italian researchers became the latest to challenge Polo’s accounts. They said that evidence didn’t support his description of Kublai Khan’s Japanese invasions (侵略).

　　Now, however, research by Hans Ulrich Vogel of Germany’s Tubingen University might help prove Marco Polo was true. In a new book Marco Polo Was in China，the professor of Chinese history tries to prove that Marco Polo spoke the truth. He suggests, for example, that Polo didn’t include the Great Wall in his book because it only achieved its great importance in the Ming Dynasty several hun-dred years later. Vogel further explains that Chinese records from the 13th and 14th centuries avoided setting down visits from Westerners.

　　Historians before him have touched on these issues. But Vogel also relies on another evidence:the explorer’s very detailed descriptions of currency and salt production in the Yuan Dynasty. Accord-ing to Vogel, Polo documented these aspects of Mongol Chinese culture in greater detail than any oth-er of his time. This is a hint that Polo relied on his own powers of observation.

　　Will we ever know whether Marco Polo traveled to China? Perhaps not, but the consequences of his real or fictional journey are still felt across the globe. One reader of The travels of Marco Polo was Christopher Columbus,who stepped upon the New World while following his idol’s footsteps.

　　33.France Wood doubted Marco Polo’s travel’s to China because his description .

　　A.missed some important culture of China

　　B. covered so much about traders’ life

　　C.was full of obvious mistakes

　　D. seemed less detailed

　　34.Vogel’s trust on Marco Polo is based on the argument that .

　　a.The Great Wall didn’ t gain its importance then

　　b.Records in the Yuan Dynasty mentioned Polo

　　c.Polo mentioned the currency and salt

　　d.Polo’s other works are believable

　　e.Polo recorded what he saw in great detail

　　A. a, b, d

　　B. a, c, d

　　C. a, e

　　D.b，c

　　35.Which of the following shows the structure of the text?

　　第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余 選項(xiàng)。

　　Things You Should Stop Doing to Be Successful

　　Are you a happy person? How often do you think of reasons why everyone around you is success-ful though they are not better than you in general? What do you do wrong? Here are some things you should stop doing to be successful.

　　1. 36

　　Different people may interpret “success” in different ways： some of them measure it in money, other ones — in positive changes to people around them and the world in general. 37 Don’t wor-ry about what other people think but come after what makes you happy.

　　2.Do not believe anything without questioning it.

　　38 They are critical thinkers, and they understand that we all are ruled by our prejudices, so they will always question new information.

　　3.Do not worry about all unpredictable things that may happen to you.

　　If you want to be successful,stop thinking about everything that MAY happen to you. 39 Be ready to improve and change your deeds and decisions when things suddenly don’t go according to your plan.

　　4.Do not care about what other people think of you.

　　40 Your attempts to become “good” for everyone will turn into nothing but new worries, stresses, and problems. Successful people do not concentrate on the quantity of people to please, but worry about their quality and focus on developing friendships with people they really care about.

　　A.Do not wait for the “right time” to do anything.

　　B.Do not let others decide what “success” is for you.

　　C.Successful people do not just accept any new information to be true.

　　D.As far as we all know, it’s impossible to please all the people who surround us.

　　E.Try to feel comfortable with the reality and accept the fact your future can’t be predicted.

　　F.If you want to be successful, do not let others force their interpretation of success on you.

　　G.Successful people never ignore or avoid problems，no matter how big and awful they seem.

　　第三部分 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)

　　第一節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)

　　I was in the fifth grade when I first dipped my fingers into the endless ocean of expression and allowed my hands to grow a(n) 41 .

　　I remember my hands being sweaty as I wandered 42 into her classroom. From comer to corner,the 43 were decorated with clippings (剪報(bào))and posters 44 Deafness and American Sign Language. Pictures of 45 hands hung from the bulletin boards (宣傳牌).

　　Once the rest of my classmates 46 in their seats, she began. She did not speak. Her hands 47 about gracefully as she signed, “Hello. My name Ms. Lewison. Your name what?” These signs did not 48 until later that week，but still I sat upright at my desk,trying to figure them out. My entire first impression of her was “ 49 ”.

　　As months passed, my class transformed to an unusually large family. Ms. Lewison was like our 50 . When we were feeling troubled,we just let our 51 do the talking. The lesson became less about following the lesson itself and more about 52 .

　　Ms. Lewison performed a tough task. She 53 replaced all the ignorance in me with 54 Then she opened my 55 and opened it even wider. She would find time to turn me into a 56 signer. She taught me that there are no limits and my abilities are 57 .

　　Today my fingers have learned to 58 . Ms. Lewison pushed me 59 into the ocean of Deaf Culture and I have become a strong swimmer in diverse 60 .

　　自主招生考試特點(diǎn)和技巧

　　1.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能仍是考查重點(diǎn)

　　基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、基本技能稱之為“雙基”。大家知道，能力與“雙基”有著辯證關(guān)系。沒(méi)有扎實(shí)的“雙基”，能力培養(yǎng)就成了無(wú)源之水，無(wú)本之木。所以，“雙基”訓(xùn)練是數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的重要任務(wù)之一。

　　綜觀復(fù)旦、交大、清華等高校近幾年自主招生的數(shù)學(xué)題目，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有60%至70%的題目仍是比較基礎(chǔ)的。例如近三年來(lái)上海交大卷的填空題都是10題(50分)，占試卷的一半，這些填空題比較常規(guī)，和高考試題難度相當(dāng)。復(fù)旦卷有30題左右的選擇題，也多半是學(xué)生平時(shí)訓(xùn)練過(guò)的一些比較熟悉的題型和知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

　　2.考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)的覆蓋面廣，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同

　　復(fù)旦、交大等高校近幾年自主招生的試題，知識(shí)點(diǎn)的覆蓋面還是很廣的，基本上涉及到高中數(shù)學(xué)大綱的所有內(nèi)容。例如，函數(shù)、集合、數(shù)列、復(fù)數(shù)、三角、排列、組合、概率統(tǒng)計(jì)、向量、立體幾何、解析幾何等。

　　但高校自主招生試題命題是由大學(xué)完成的，更多會(huì)考慮到高等數(shù)學(xué)與初等數(shù)學(xué)的銜接，所以提請(qǐng)大家注意幾個(gè)方面：

　　函數(shù)和方程問(wèn)題、排列組合和概率統(tǒng)計(jì)等粗略統(tǒng)計(jì)，2008年復(fù)旦卷中與函數(shù)和方程有關(guān)的試題多達(dá)10題，占31%。

　　復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)通常在高考中要求比較低，占的比分也較少，但在復(fù)旦卷中仍占有一席之地(2008年及2007年分別有2題和3題)。

　　矩陣和行列式這些知識(shí)雖然目前還未納入高考范圍，但由于是高等數(shù)學(xué)中非常重要的內(nèi)容，近幾年在復(fù)旦卷中每年都會(huì)出現(xiàn)。

　　以上各點(diǎn)，望能引起廣大同學(xué)的注意。

　　當(dāng)然由于上述同樣的原因，盡管高考中解析幾何是一個(gè)比較重要的內(nèi)容，但在復(fù)旦卷中所占比例卻較少，例如，2008年和2007年只有2題和1題。

　　3.注重?cái)?shù)學(xué)知識(shí)和其他科目的整合，考查學(xué)生應(yīng)用知識(shí)解決問(wèn)題的能力

　　2008年交大冬令營(yíng)數(shù)學(xué)試卷中有這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：

　　通信工程中常用n元數(shù)組(a1，a2，a3，……an)表示信息，其中ai=0或1，i、n∈N。設(shè)u=(a1，a2，a3，……an)，v=(b1，b2，b3，……bn)，d(u，v)表示u和v中相對(duì)應(yīng)的元素不同的個(gè)數(shù)。

　　(1)u=(0,0，0,0，0)問(wèn)存在多少個(gè)5元數(shù)組v使得d(u，v)=1

　　(2)u=(1,1，1,1，1)問(wèn)存在多少個(gè)5元數(shù)組v使得d(u，v)=3

　　(3)令w=(01，04,02……0)，u=(a1，a2，a3……an)，v=(b1>，b2，b3……bn)

　　求證：d(u，w)+d(v，w)≥d(u,v)

　　此問(wèn)題與計(jì)算機(jī)中的“二進(jìn)制”有關(guān)。前兩問(wèn)是排列組合計(jì)數(shù)問(wèn)題，尤其是第三問(wèn)有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性�？砂裠(u,v)轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)絕對(duì)值問(wèn)題

　　4.突出對(duì)思維能力和解題技巧的考查

　　近幾年的自主招生試卷中對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)思想方法和思維策略的考查達(dá)到了相當(dāng)高的層次，有時(shí)甚至達(dá)到相當(dāng)于數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽的難度。

　　例如，2007年交大冬令營(yíng)卷中有這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：

　　設(shè)f(x)=(1+a)x4+x3-(3a+2)x2-4a，試證明對(duì)任意實(shí)數(shù)a：

　　(1)方程f(x)=0總有相同實(shí)根

　　(2)存在x0，恒有f(x0)≠0

　　這兩問(wèn)解決的策略和方法是：換一個(gè)角度看成一個(gè)關(guān)于a的一次函數(shù)。

　　應(yīng)試和準(zhǔn)備策略

　　針對(duì)上述自主招生試題特點(diǎn)，學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1.注意知識(shí)點(diǎn)的全面

　　數(shù)學(xué)題目被猜中的可能性很小，一般知識(shí)點(diǎn)都靠平時(shí)積累，剩下的`就是個(gè)人的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)揮。數(shù)學(xué)還是要靠平時(shí)扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)才能考出好成績(jī)，因此，學(xué)生平時(shí)必須把基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)打扎實(shí)。

　　另外，對(duì)上面提及的一些平時(shí)不太注意的小章節(jié)或高考不一定考的問(wèn)題，如矩陣、行列式等也不可忽視。

　　2.適當(dāng)做些近幾年的自主招生的真題

　　俗話說(shuō)：知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)百勝。同學(xué)們可適當(dāng)訓(xùn)練近幾年自己所考的高校所出的自主招生試題，熟悉一下題型和套路。

　　3.注重知識(shí)的延伸和加深

　　復(fù)旦、交大、清華等全國(guó)重點(diǎn)院校自主招生試題比高考試題稍難，比數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽試題又稍簡(jiǎn)單，有些問(wèn)題稍有深度，這就要求考生平時(shí)注意知識(shí)點(diǎn)的延伸和加深。例如2008年復(fù)旦卷的第77題：

　　四十個(gè)學(xué)生參加數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克競(jìng)賽。他們必須解決一個(gè)代數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題、一個(gè)幾何學(xué)問(wèn)題以及一個(gè)三角學(xué)問(wèn)題。具體情況如下表所述。

　　其中有三位學(xué)生一個(gè)問(wèn)題都沒(méi)有解決。問(wèn)：三個(gè)問(wèn)題都解決的學(xué)生數(shù)是()。

　　A.5B.6C.7D.8

　　此題若是用畫圖、文氏圖等方法雖能解決，但花費(fèi)時(shí)間較多。若是知題三個(gè)集合的容斥原理,|A∪B∪C|=|A|+|B|+|C|-(|A∩B|+|A∩C|+|B∩C|)+|A∩B∩C|，只要代入公式，馬上就可解決。

　　又如第88題：

　　設(shè)x1,x2,x3是方程x3+x+2=0

　　此題若是知題三次方程的韋達(dá)定理，則也容易解決。而三次方程和韋達(dá)定理雖然可推導(dǎo)出來(lái)，但平時(shí)同學(xué)們對(duì)二次方程的韋達(dá)定理很熟悉，對(duì)三次方程則比較陌生。

　　又比如，柯西不等式可解決許多不等式問(wèn)題，但由于目前上海高考不考，所以很多高中生對(duì)此不熟悉。

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