公共英語PETS一級完形填空復(fù)習(xí)題及答案
復(fù)習(xí)題一：
Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects.We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas.We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment.We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better.But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were.The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.Let us not deceive ourselves.Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy.People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring.Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence.A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news.Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen.They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask.The answer is simple: they are uncivilized.For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success.But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past.Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be.Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world.Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly.These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law.The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence.If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind.We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A.not very high.
B.high.
C.contemptuous.
D.critical.
2.The main idea of this passage is
A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D.people are bloodthirsty in sports.
3.That the author mentions the old Romans is
A.To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B.to give an example.
C.to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D.to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.
4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A.Three.
B.Five.
C.Six.
D.Seven.
5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A.that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B.that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C.that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D.to show law is the main instrument of social change.
Vocabulary
1.relish 從……獲得樂處，享受
2.orgy 狂歡，放縱
3.arena 競技場，活動或斗爭的場所
4.blood-thirsty 殘忍的，嗜血的
5.bear-baiting 逗熊游戲
6.bull-fight 斗牛
7.batter 猛擊，連續(xù)地猛打/捶，亂打
8.pulp 成紙漿，成軟塊
9.burst into flames 突然燃燒起來/著火
10.grim 令人窒息的，簡陋的
11.coop up 把……關(guān)起來
寫作方法與文章大意
作者采取先對比、后分析的寫作手法。先是今人和古羅馬人對暴虐體育上對此兩者都欣賞。后者坦率成人“欣賞暴力體育”，前者施以各種接口、實際都是嗜血成性者。第二段進一步剖析今人欣賞暴虐體育的種種實例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜為改善法律采取積極的步驟，法律才能施以巨大的文明影響，否則人類很難改變。
答案詳解
1.A.不太高。文章一開始就點出科技巨大進步，而其他方面進展很少。人們以輕蔑的口氣談及可憐的古羅馬人，因為他們欣賞競技場上的屠殺。我們輕視他們，因為他們把這些屠殺視為娛樂。我們可以降階/屈尊地諒解他們，因為他們生活在2000年前，顯然，對好的東西不知道。在這里作者反問，我們的優(yōu)越感是否正確呢?我們的嗜血性是不是少一些?為什么拳擊比賽吸引那么許多人?在場的觀賞者(觀眾)是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢?結(jié)論是：人類和過去一樣殘忍。唯一的不同點在于古羅馬人很誠實，他們承認他們欣賞觀看饑餓的獅子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我們會找出各種精辟的理由來保衛(wèi)早該制止的運動。第二段舉出具體例子，如斗牛、拳擊中把人打癱在地、車賽中，車子碰撞起火，人們就坐在那里觀看欣賞，參賽者是為了高報酬，觀眾付出大筆錢財是為了看到暴力。作者指出任何體育精神的說法純粹是虛偽。如果一場打比賽(世界重量級冠軍賽)，兩輪而不是十五輪就告結(jié)束，成千上百萬人們會感到失望――這些都證明人的卑下，不文明。這兩段似乎也證明作者的觀點應(yīng)該是C項――蔑視的'。但在第三段談及，好幾個世紀(jì)以來，人們一直試圖在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承認不怎么成功。可至少我們不再容忍瘋?cè)私d于籠中，當(dāng)眾鞭撻，以及其他許多過去普遍存在的野蠻行徑。監(jiān)獄也不再是過去那種令人窒息的禁錮之地，社會福利制度在全世界許多地方推行。在財富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。這些變化的出現(xiàn)不是因為人突然改善，而是在改變法律上采取了 積極的步驟。如果我們禁止危險的暴力體育項目，那么我們在改善人類方面又前進了一步。我們會認識暴力是人類的墮落和卑下(人類不應(yīng)有的)。從這段來看，作者對人類還抱有希望，不是很蔑視。所以選A項。
2.A.法律應(yīng)禁止墮落而又危險的體育項目。見第一題注釋。作者從古羅馬人欣賞殘忍的體育項目說起，點出現(xiàn)代人也是嗜血成性，喜歡暴力體育項目。這是不文明，是墮落。必須制止，而法律是我們社會改革最強大的工具，它可應(yīng)用，發(fā)揮強大的文明影響(第三段倒數(shù)第三句)
B.人們愿意支付巨大款項來觀看暴力。這是作者說明“嗜血成性”的具體內(nèi)容之一。
C.對比對危險體育項目不同的態(tài)度。這里沒有對比。
D.人類嗜血成性。這是作者認為人們?yōu)槭裁葱蕾p危險殘忍體育項目的根源。
3.D.人們在體育上習(xí)慣于“嗜血成性”，過去是，現(xiàn)在仍然是，不同點只是前者坦直承認，后者婉轉(zhuǎn)掩飾。見第一題注釋。
A.把古羅馬人和現(xiàn)代人對比。這項沒有說明對比什么。
B.給出一個例子。太抽象。
C.說明過去人類不太知道更美好的東西，這兩項都沒有到位。
4.B.5個。作者提到⑴逗熊游戲;⑵斗牛;⑶車賽;⑷拳擊;⑸人獅斗。至于當(dāng)眾鞭撻和絞刑不能稱作體育活動。
5.A.通過制止野蠻體育項目，我們能改善人類自身。這在第三段講的最透徹，見第一題和第二題注釋。
B.通過制止野蠻體育活動，我們能改善法律，不完全對。作者明確指出要用法律來禁止野蠻體育項目。
C.我們必須采取積極步驟來改善社會福利體制
D.去表明法律是社會變革的主要工具。
復(fù)習(xí)題二：
Meditation in Indonesian Business
It looked like a typical business meeting.Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table.But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making.But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants.Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah.These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past.‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy.Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered.Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980.Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone.Meditation brought back his peace of mind.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan - the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking.‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
[A] Mysticism.
[B] Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
[B] Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
1.file into 魚貫而入，排隊進去
2.Jakarta 雅加達
3.meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
4.Java 爪哇
5.Javanese 爪哇的
6.mysticism 神秘主義
7.boost 促進，增加，提高
8.devout 虔誠的，熱誠的
9.appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
10.legend 傳說，神話
11.fasting 禁食，齋戒
12.hold onto 抓緊，保住
13.personnel management system 人事管理制度
14.perspective investment 遠景投資
15.venture (商業(yè))投機，風(fēng)險
16.sharpen 使……敏銳/尖銳，磨尖
17.business slide 買賣/企業(yè)滑坡，下滑
18.turn around (生意)好轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)變
19.subconscious 下意識的，潛意識的
20.cybernetics 控制論
21.Carnegie 卡耐基
22.tap 開拓，選擇
難句譯注
1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
「參考譯文」在印尼神秘主義似乎涉及到印尼生活的各個方面，商業(yè)也不例外。
2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
「參考譯文」這些虔誠的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他們的祈求呼吁跟爪哇當(dāng)?shù)氐纳衩刂髁x相結(jié)合。他們通過這一途徑積極熱情地拓展商業(yè)買賣和宗教信仰。
3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
「參考譯文」恰當(dāng)?shù)墓ぷ鲘徫皇褂煤线m的人選，對企業(yè)決策具有信心使形式好轉(zhuǎn)的關(guān)鍵。它給你帶來拓展和利潤。(或任人唯賢，指揮若定使扭虧增盈，大展宏圖的關(guān)鍵。)
4.Search for the inner self.
「參考譯文」探索內(nèi)心的自我。
5.Such approaches as psychocybernetics， Carnegies think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
「參考譯文」類似心理控制論、卡耐基思想、增長率、或者積極思考能力等觀點是西方開拓高智能的辦法，而我們是通過沉思冥想來和高智能聯(lián)系的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇新聞報導(dǎo)，講述印度尼西亞商人如何經(jīng)營公司。主要采用一般到具體寫作手法。一開始就點明他們以獨特的方式――不看文件，不聽匯報，而是閉上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精靈請示來經(jīng)營。這種神秘主義幾乎涉及印尼生活的各個領(lǐng)域，商業(yè)也不例外。后面每段都圍繞這一主題而寫。第二段寫來源。第三段，應(yīng)用于商業(yè)方面的具體例子，第四段，和西方管理方法對比。
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