2024年職稱英語理工類a級考試真題大全
無論是身處學校還是步入社會，我們最熟悉的就是試題了，借助試題可以檢驗考試者是否已經具備獲得某種資格的基本能力。你知道什么樣的試題才是好試題嗎？下面是小編幫大家整理的2024年職稱英語理工類a級考試真題大全，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
職稱英語理工類a級考試真題 1
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1—1 5題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.
A:A unclear
B:B obvious
C:C major
D: D minor
本題正確答案為:A
本題解析：1 A obscure 不清楚的、晦澀的，在四個選項中和 unclear 同義，obvious明顯的，恰好是obscure 的反義詞;major 和 minor 分別為"主要的"和"次要的"意思。
2 The sea turtles natural habitat has been considerably reduced.
A:A greatly
B:B suddenly
C:C generally
D: D slightly
本題正確答案為:A
本題解析:2 A considerably 意為"相當大地、在很大程度上"，是副詞，修飾動詞，故用 greatly 替 換。又如: His English has been considerably improved. 他的英語大有起色。slightly 為它的反義詞。
3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.
A:A instructing
B:B notifying
C:C pushing
D:D inviting
本題正確答案為:C
本題解析:
3 C 動詞 urge"敦促、催促"的意思，push 通常的意義是"推"，但可以轉義而具有和urge 相同的意義，又如：The residents are pushing the local authorities to take me measures to handle the pollution problem immediately. 居民們敦促地方當局立即采取措施處理污染問題。
4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.
A:A raise
B: B pose
C: C experience
D: D handle
本題正確答案為:D
本題解析:
4 D approach 做動詞有多種解釋，其中一種和 handle 意義相近，即"處理、對待"等，如：approach the issue with an impartial attitude 已不偏不倚的態(tài)度來對待這個問題，approach the subject from a historical point of view 從歷史的角度來看這個主題。
5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.
A:A ignored
B:B organized
C:C caused
D:D received
本題正確答案為:C
本題解析:5 C provoke 是"激起、引發(fā)"的意思，如: provoke indignation of the public 激起公憤，cause 可以表達同樣的意義，但要普通得多。
6 Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours.
A:A spend
B:B take
C: C last
D:D stand
本題正確答案為:D
本題解析:
6 D tolerate 是"忍受"的意思，如: tolerate the heat 忍受酷熱，tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤獨，tolerate the humiliation 忍受侮辱。和它同義的詞常用的有 bear, endure和 stand。
7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.
A:A energetic
B: B happy
C:C alone
D: D busy
本題正確答案為:A
本題解析:7 A vigorous 是"活力充沛"的意思，和 energetic 同義
8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.
A:A shaking
B: B turning
C:C jumping
D:D shouting
本題正確答案為:A
本題解析:
8 A trembling 是動詞 tremble 的 -ing 分詞形式，意思是"發(fā)抖"，在四個選項中只有shaking 具有同樣的意義。
9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.
A:A reported
B:B proved
C:C praised
D:D caught
本題正確答案為:C
本題解析:9 C hail 這個動詞有"熱情贊揚、歡呼認可"等意思，如: They hailed the young pianist for his marvelous performance. 他們對那位年輕鋼琴家的出色演奏大家贊揚。The bandits hailed him their leader. 土匪們擁他為王。注意本句中的謂語動詞The young man is being hailed. . . 是被動式，現在進行時。
10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.
A:A anxious
B: B sure
C: C sad
D:D afraid
本題正確答案為:D
本題解析:10 D scared 是"害怕"的意思，很常用，如: The kids were all scared by his fierce look. 孩子們被他的一臉兇相嚇壞了。不過在本句里，scared 并非"懼怕"的意思，而更接近于"擔心"的意思，故和 afraid 相當。
11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A: A give
B:B attach
C:C lose
D:D understand
本題正確答案為:D
本題解析: 11 D grasp 這個動詞是"抓住"的意思，可用于具體的事物，如: grasp the rope/my hand 抓住繩索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的概念，如：grasp the main idea/ his meaning 抓住要點/理解他的意思。在本句中 grasp the significance of what had happened 就相當于 understand the significance of what had happened.
12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.
A:A doubting
B:Bsaying
C:C thinking
D: D knowing
本題正確答案為:B
本題解析:12 B remark 這個動詞就是 "說"的意思，所以這里就用 saying 來代替宮
本題得分:0 13、
13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.
A:A maintained
B: B recommended
C:C considered
D:D acknowledged
本題正確答案為:A
本題解析: 13 A assert 是個比較正式的詞，表示"聲言、提出主張"等，故和表示自己立場的 maintain 同義。Recommend 推薦，consider 考慮，acknowledge承認。
14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.
A:A relative
B:B general
C:C continuous
D: D sharp
本題正確答案為:C
本題解析:
14 C steady 是"穩(wěn)定的"意思，a steady decline 則是"穩(wěn)步下降"，在這個上下文中可以 用 continuous 來代替它，即"不斷下降"。 Sharp decline 則是"急劇下降"。
15 She always finds fault with everything.
A:A criticizes
B:B simplifies
C:C evaluates
D:D examines
本題正確答案為:A
本題解析:15 A find fault with something/someone 是個固定的表達式，意為"找茬、吹毛求疵"，所以和 criticize(批評)基本同義。
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Earth Rocks On
Most of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. Thats comforting. But its also misleading because theres actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.
Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question.
Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. Theyve found new evidence suggesting that Earths crust (地殼) started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.
Not long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids (小行星) were pummeling Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, molten state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planets hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface as lava.
In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal(上地殼) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air.
The researchers recently look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.
To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(巖漿), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the area cooled, forming what we see today.
That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.
16 The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 Scientists once estimated that Earths crust started shifting three billion years ago.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20.It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22. The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
16 B 本文第一段提到 "盡管我們感覺腳下的大地在大多數的時候是實心固體的，但實際上地下的物質一直在運動，這種運動慢慢改變著大陸和海洋的形狀"。提干認為"我們腳 下的地球是靜止的"不符合文意，所以選擇 B。
17 A 本文第一段提到"隨著板塊的滑動和互相碰撞，大陸和海洋在慢慢改變著形狀"。提干符合文章本意，所以選擇 A。
18 C 文章第二段提到了地球這顆行星慢慢冷卻后，它的地殼慢慢形成移動的板塊，并沒有提及地球在冷卻后慢慢形成。題干的意思在文章中沒有體現，所以選擇 C。
19 B 文章第三段提到"他們發(fā)現的最新證據表明地殼的這種轉變至少是發(fā)生在 38 億年以前，這比之前的估計早了13 億年"。也就是之前的估計應為 25 億年前，題干"科學家曾 經估計地殼的轉變發(fā)生在 30 億年前"不符合題意，所以選擇B。
20 C 文章第四段提到了 "堅硬的地亮形成之后……"，并沒有提及這個過程的時間。題干表達的意思沒有出現在文章中，所以選擇C。
21 A 文章最后一句話提到"上地殼帶開始形成于約3. 8 億年前"，所以題干表達的意思是正確的，選擇 A。
22 C 文章主題是研究者對地球的研究，并沒有提到上地殼帶是一個度假勝地。題干中的說法在文中沒有提及，所以選擇 C。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2-5段每段選擇1個最佳標題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。
The IPad
1 The IPad is a tablet computer (平板電腦) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals (期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.
2 The IPad runs the same operating system as IPod Touch and IPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for IPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.
3 Like IPhone and iPod Touch, the IPad is controlled by a multitouch display-a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus (觸控筆). The IPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse (瀏覽) the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized (同步) by ITunes on a personal computer via USB cable.
4 An IPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of IPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. IPand applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
5 While the IPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting IPads in their business offices by distributing or making available IPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that IPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.
23、 Paragraph 2
24、 Paragraph 3
25、 Paragraph 4
26、 Paragraph 5
A Business usage
B Differences from IPhone
C Operating system
D Online stores
E Features and applications
F Display and data connection
27 In April 2010 the IPad developed by Apple was .
28 The IPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not .
29 IPad applications enable the owners email accounts to be .
30 IPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be .
A browsed
B increased
C released
D modified
E distributed
F personalized
23 C 本段的主題句為"The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone" ，意為 "iPad 使用與iPod Touch 和iPhone 一樣的操作系統(tǒng)"。本段也主要講述的是 iPad 的操作系統(tǒng)。答案應為 C。
24 F 本段第一句話 "Like iPhone and iPod Touch ，the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display "，說明 "與 iPhone 和 iPod Touch 一樣，iPad 也是多點觸控顯示屏"。本段其他的句子是對數據鏈接的介紹。本句的大意應該為顯示屏和鏈接，所以答案為 F。
25 E 本段的主題句是 "An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things" ，可以看出本段要說明"iPad 有不同的特征和應用程序來使人們完成不同的有趣事情"。答案為E。
26 A 本段的主題句是 "While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users" ，所以可以得知本段主要講述的是 iPad 不僅用于娛樂，而且也用于辦公。答案為 A。
27 C 第一段中最后一句話是..Apple released the iPad in April 2010，and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days" ，表達的意思是"蘋果公司在2010年4月推出了iPad，并在80天內賣出了3 百萬臺"。答案為C。
28 D 第二段最后一句話 "Without modification，it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store" ，說明"如果沒有改裝，iPad 只能運行由蘋果公司提供的并經由其網上商店推出的程序"。答案應為D。
29 F 第四段最后一句話..They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts" 顯示"iPad 可以使他們的郵件賬戶個性化"。答案為 F。
30 B 第五段最后一句話 "A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity，reduced paperwork，and increased revenue" ，顯示"工作場所使用 iPad 使得員工的工作效率提高，減少了文書工作，并且 增加了收益"。答案為 B。
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文回答其后面的問題，為每題確定一個最佳答案。
第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often
31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A theyre popular
B theyre cheap
C theyre useful
D theyre convenient
32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A cured
B removed
C discovered
D caused
33 The salesman retired young because
A he disliked using mobile phones
B he was tired of talking on his mobile phone
C he couldnt remember simple tasks
D his employers doctor persuaded him to
34 On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
A deny the existence of mobile phone radiation
B develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation
C try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health
D hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
35 The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise people
A to buy mobile phones
B to regular phones
C to use mobile phones less often
D to stop using mobile phones
31 B 第一段里講到了人們擁有手機的幾種理由，其中不包括手機便宜(cheap) 這一條。
32 C detect 意為 "覺察、發(fā)現"，故可用 discover 來代替。
33 C 第三段里把這名推銷員年紀輕輕就要退休的原因講得十分明白: a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks.
34 D 請見第四段里的這句話: Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.它們并不否認手機有輻射，但聲稱輻射量 很小無需擔心。
35 C 作者建議大家少用手機，這一點在最后一段里可以清楚地看到。
第二篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized (大力宣傳的) efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "
However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented (發(fā)酵的), milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.
36 John Hayes pointed out that __________.
A food with less salt tastes better.
B many people never eat low-salt food.
C many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.
D it is good to health to eat food without salt.
37 The fourth paragraph briefly describes______?
A why the number of subjects was limited to 87.
B why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.
C how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research.
D how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.
38 It is true that ________.
A nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.
B supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.
C nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.
D supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.
39 Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because ________.
A it is good to health.
B it tastes less bitter.
C it is rich in nutrition.
D it has intense bitter tastes.
40 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is ________.
A genetically determined.
B identified with certain chemicals.
C developed over time after birth.
D related to ones eye and hair color.
36 C 文章第 2 段提到 John Hayes 指出"盡管對于許多人來說，并不像別人那樣喜歡吃低鹽食品，但近來大力的宣傳使得很多人努力接受了低鹽飲食"。選擇 C 符合題意。
37 D 第四段主要講述了這項研究如何選取了研究對象，包括研究對象的人數、性別、健 康狀況、口味輕重分級等。由此可知第四段主要描述的是如何選擇研究對象以及要求他們做什么。答案為 D。
38 B 文章第五段最后一句話"鹽是零食的第一調味品，至少對于這些食物，鹽越多越好， 所以口味重的人看起來更喜歡他們"。選項 B 正是這個意思。其他選項的意思與文章原意不符。
39 B 文章第六段最后一句話提到"口味重的人覺得低鹽的'奶酪吃起來不舒服是因為這種 奶酪苦味太濃"。選項 B 符合文章的意思。
40 A 文章最后一段話講述了"基因專家認為個人在品嘗一些化學物質時有不同的感受，并且這種不同如同人的眼睛和頭發(fā)顏色一樣"，本文的觀點是味覺的敏銳程度是由基因決定的。選項 A 符合題意。
第三篇 Calculating Crime
When you think about math, you probably dont think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.
People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal (揭示) the identity of the criminal. Its long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because its easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.
But Mike OLeary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of an offenders home base by combining these patterns with a citys layout and historical crime records.
The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets - that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections (十字路口) are. OLeary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminals patterns change with age. (Its been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.)
Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but OLearys uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.
The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. OLeary says that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - contains a lot of good math problems. "I feel like Im in a gold mine and Im the only one who knows what gold looks like," he says. "Its a lot of fun."
41 Which of the following statements about math is true?
A It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals.
B Few people associate it with finding criminals.
C Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.
D it has long been employed in solving crimes.
42 People tend to think there is a relationship between
A the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.
B the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.
C the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.
D the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.
43 OLeary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT
A the records of past crimes.
B the locations of police bureaus.
C the people living in the city.
D the change of a criminals patterns with age.
44 OLearys program is different from other similar software in that
A it is inexpensive.
B it uses more math.
C it is more user-friendly.
D it is available all over the world.
45 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that OLeary
A will develop programs for other governmental departments.
B is going to use math in looking for gold.
C thinks its interesting to learn math.
D will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.
41 B 文章第一段顯示很少有人用數學來破案，但一個數學家做到了。選項 B 符合文章的本意。
42 D 文章第二段提到 "很長時間以來，人們認為罪犯會在離他居住地近的地方作案"，可 以得知人們傾向于認為案件發(fā)生地與罪犯的居住地有聯系。選項 D 符合文章本意。
43 B 文章第三段最后一句話提到 Mike OLeary 的程序中包括對過去違法的記錄;文章第四段提到他的程序中還包括居住在這個城市的人民和不同年齡罪犯的犯罪模式的信息。 文章并沒有提及他的程序還包括警察局的位置。選擇 B。
44 B 文章第六段第一句話提到 Mike OLeary 的程序與其他軟件的不同之處在于他更多地使用了數學。答案 B 符合文章本意。
45 D 從文章最后一段話的第二句話 "OLeary says that criminology 一the study of crime and criminals -contains a lot of good math problems" 可以看出 Mike OLeary認為犯罪學里包 含著很多好的數學問題。并且本段最后一句話也可以看出這位數學家對這種研究犯罪學的方式非常熱衷。選擇 D。
第5部分：補全短文(第46—50題，每題2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白;短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。
Mt. Desert Island
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline.____(46) At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川)descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖).The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. ____(47) Marine fossils found here 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands.____(48)
For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (溫帶) and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine (高山的) plants.____(49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.
The best view on Mt. Desert island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain.___(50)From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by retreating glacier.
A It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.
B Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.
C The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.
D The term comes from the activity of the ice age.
E This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.
F It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
46 D 這里填入的內容: The term comes from the activity of the ice age. 是對上一句中出現的drowned coastline 這一名稱自來的解釋。另外下文的 "At the time" 也給予了提示。
47 B 前面一句話:The highest parts of the former mountain range，nearest the shore，remained as islands. 即先前最靠海岸的山脈的頂部變成了島嶼，下面一句很自然就說: Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier.
48 F 前面一句話是: Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. 下面一句便解釋它是怎么形成兩個島嶼的:它被薩默斯灣這個又深又窄的7 英里長的水域攔腰分開。
49 A 前面一句介紹了 Mt. Desert Island 所處的地理位置和它為動植物提供的生存條件，下面一句再解釋它還是一條鳥類移居的主要通道和許多鳥類的棲身之地。
50 E This mountain 回指前面的 Cadillac Mountain，句子對它的高度做了描述。
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文內容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university，reveals a major new study________(51) out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).The study________(52) l.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between l 950 and l976.The research group analyzed the________(53) of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took fight after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link________(54) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for________(55) thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a ________(56) in the results for the IQ test，and not strength."Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung________(57) and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,” says Michael Nilsson，professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular ________(58).We are also seeing there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins，the researchers have been ________(59) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that ________(60) the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who ________(61) their physical fitness between the ages of l5 and l8 increase their cognitive performance," says Mafia berg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at by health centre."This being the case，physical education is a ________(62) that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must________(63) we want to do well in math and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service________(64) the socioeconomic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at l 8 were more ________(65) to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs.
51.A put B cut C taken D carried
52.A involved B kept C found D helped
53.A answers B questions C results D standards
54.A among B behind C inside D between
55.A imaginary B typical C logical D positive
56.A game B role C place D trick
57.A shape B disease C capacity D treatment
58.A strength B exercise C training D movement
59.A clever B able C clear D lucky
60.A expect B connect C explain D classify
61.A prefer B ignore C determine D improve
62.A subject B rule C test D score
63.A until B if C though D so
64.A from B of C with D at
65.A likely B likable C unlike D alike
51 D 從題意判斷，本句要表達的是"研究機構進行了一項研究". put out 為"熄滅、出 發(fā)";cut out 為"切斷、刪除"; take out 為"取出、開始"。只有 carry out 為"實施，進行"，符合句意。
52 A 本句話介紹了本研究包括的被試者。選項 A 為"包括";選項 B 為"保持";選項 C為"發(fā)現"，選項 D 為"幫助"。只有 A 符合句意。
53 C 本句的意思是"研究組分析了那些年輕人剛剛參軍時的體能和智商測試結果"。選項A 是"答案";選項 B 是"問題";選項 C 是"結果";選項 D 是"標準"。答案為 C。
54 D 本句要表達兩者之間的聯系，所以應該選擇 D between。選項 A among 表達三者之間的關系;選項 B 為"在……之后";選項 C 為"在……里面"，都不符合句意。
55 C 本句要表達的意思是"身體健康與邏輯思維和言辭理解之間的聯系最緊密"。選項 A為"想象";選項 B 為"典型的";選項 D 為"積極的"。只有 C "邏輯的"符合句意。
56 B 本句表達的意思是"具有健康，而不是力量，才能在智商測試的時候起作用"，句中play a role 是一個詞組"起……作用"。其他選項不符合句意。
57 C 本句意為"健康意味著你有很好的心肺功能，并且你的大腦能獲得充足的氧氣"。只有選項 C 符合句意。其他選項 A 為"形狀";B 為"疾病";D 為"治療"，都不符合句意。
58 A 本句意為"這可能是為什么我們能看到它與健康之間，而不是與肌肉力量之間有聯系的原因之一"。選項 B 為"練習";選項 C 為"訓練";選項 D 為"移動"，都不符合句意，只有選擇 A。
59 B 本句意為"通過分析雙胞胎數據，研究者能夠判斷出主要是環(huán)境原因而不是遺傳原 因可以解釋健康和高智商的關系"。選項 A 為"聰明";選項 C 為"清楚";選項 D 為"幸運的"，都不符合句意，只有選擇 B "有能力"。
60 C 參考上題的句意解釋。本題中只有選項 C explain "解釋"符合句意。選項 A 為"期待";選項 B 為"連接";選項 D 為"分類"，都不符合句意。
61 D 本句意為"我們的研究也顯示那些在 15 歲到 18 歲之間增強了體質的年輕人有很好的表現"。選項 A 為"較喜歡";選項 B 為"忽視":選項 C 為"決定"，都不符合句意，只有選擇 D。
62 A 本句意為"由于這個情況，體育應該是在學校占有重要地位的學科，并且如果我們想讓學生們在數學和其他理論學科學得很好的話，就必須這樣"。選項 A 為"學科";選 項 B 為"紀律";選項 C 為"測試";選項 D 為"分數"。只有 A 項符合句意。
63 B 參考上題的句意解釋。只有選項 B "如果"符合句意。選項 A 為"直到";選項C 為"雖然";選項 D 為"因此"，這三項都不符合句意。
64 C 本句意為"研究者比較了那些人在國民服役時的體能測試結果和之后他們的社會經濟地位"。此句中含有詞組 compare. . . with ，只有選項 C 符合句意。
65 A 本句意為"那些 18 歲時就健康的人更有可能接受高等教育，并且勝任更高級別的工作"。四個選項 A 為"很可能";B 為"可愛的、值得喜歡的";C 為"不同、不像";D 為"相似的、同樣的"。只有選項 A 符合句意。
職稱英語理工類a級考試真題 2
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1——15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.
A.imagination
B. confirmation
C.recall
D. disclosure
答案為D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露)
2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.
A.careless
B. cruel
C.strong
D. hard
答案為B. brutal(殘忍的) – cruel
3. You’ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train.
A.jump
B.escape
C. run
D.prepare
答案為C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)
4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.
A. changeable
B. stable
C.suitable
D.adaptable
答案為A. fluid(不穩(wěn)定的) –changeable (易變的)
5. The new garment fits herperfectly.
A.haircut
B. purse
C. clothes
D.necklace
答案為C. garment(衣服) –clothes(衣服)
6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.
A.fear
B. joy
C. hurt
D.memory
答案為C. trauma(精神上的創(chuàng)傷) – hurt(感情上的傷心或痛苦)
7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert.
A.decorate
B. water
C.change
D. visit
答案為B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(給…澆水)
8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler.
A.disabled
B. pupil
C.teenager
D. baby
答案為D. toddler(學步的兒童) – baby(嬰兒)
9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.
A. warm
B.severe
C.hard
D.dry
答案為A. mild(溫暖的) – warm(溫暖的)
10. The details of the costume weretotally authentic.
A. real
B.outstanding
C.creative
D. false
答案為A. authentic(逼真的)– real (逼真的)
11. We are aware of the potential problems.
A.global
B. possible
C.ongoing
D. central
答案為B. potential(可能的)-possible(可能的)
12. The idea was quite brilliant.
A.positive
B. clever
C.key
D. original
答案為B. brilliant(絕妙的)– clever (聰明的.)
13. Stock market price tumbledafter rumor of a rise in interest rate.
A.regulated
B. increased
C. fell
D.maintained
答案為C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降)
14. The course gives you basic instructionsin car maintenance.
A. coaching
B. idea
C.term
D. aspect
答案為A. instructions (指導說明)—coaching(教導)
15. All houses within 100 metres of theseas at risk of flooding.
A. in danger
B. out of control
C.between equals
D. in particular
答案為A in danger of (處于危險中)— at risk of (處于風險中)
閱讀判斷
The Greatest of Victorian Engineers
In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.
The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(決口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.
While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunels design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加劇) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.
16.【題干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
【選項】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】C
【解析】
17.【題干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.
【選項】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】C
【解析】
18.【題干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.
【選項】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】B
【解析】
19.【題干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.
【選項】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】B
【解析】
20.【題干】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.
【選項】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】A
【解析】
21.【題干】Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.
【選項】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】A
【解析】
22.【題干】The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.
【選項】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
【答案】C
【解析】 Geothermal(地熱)Energy
1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earths center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(巖漿). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earths surface. It often remains well below the earths surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earths surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可滲透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.
2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.
3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary(雙重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.
4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.
23.【題干】Paragraph1_____
【選項】
A.Dry steam plants
B.Binary plants
C.Origin of geothermal energy
D.Generation of electricity
E.Flash steam plants
F.Recyclable water and steam
【答案】C
【解析】
24【題干】Paragraph2_____
【選項】
A.Dry steam plants
B.Binary plants
C.Origin of geothermal energy
D.Generation of electricity
E.Flash steam plants
F.Recyclable water and steam
【答案】A
【解析】
25【題干】Paragraph3_____
【選項】
A.Dry steam plants
B.Binary plants
C.Origin of geothermal energy
D.Generation of electricity
E.Flash steam plants
F.Recyclable water and steam
【答案】E
【解析】
26【題干】Paragraph4_____
【選項】
A.Dry steam plants
B.Binary plants
C.Origin of geothermal energy
D.Generation of electricity
E.Flash steam plants
F.Recyclable water and steam
【答案】F
【解析】
27.【題干】A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____.
【選項】
A.the energy to turn a turbine
B.impermeable rock
C.one or two separators
D.turbine operator
E.little or no water
F.hot springs
【答案】B
【解析】
28.【題干】A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _____.
【選項】
A.the energy to turn a turbine
B.impermeable rock
C.one or two separators
D.turbine operator
E.little or no water
F.hot springs
【答案】E
【解析】
29.【題干】Flash plants produce hot water through _____.
【選項】
A.the energy to turn a turbine
B.impermeable rock
C.one or two separators
D.turbine operator
E.little or no water
F.hot springs
【答案】C
【解析】
30.【題干】In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _____.
【選項】
A.the energy to turn a turbine
B.impermeable rock
C.one or two separators
D.turbine operator
E.little or no water
F.hot springs
【答案】A
【解析】
Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-Destruct
Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.
Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.
When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the star-it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the stars matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the stars matter out of the black holes reach, he says.
The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says.
Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but its something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.
31.【題干】Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
【選項】
A.The black hole could tear apart the star.
B.The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.
C.The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.
D.The black hole could devour the star.
【答案】C
【解析】
32.【題干】According to the third paragraph，researchers differed from each other in the problem of_____
【選項】
A.whether nuclear reaction would occur.
B.whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.
C.whether shock waves would occur.
D.whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.
【答案】A
【解析】
33.【題干】According to the fourth paragraph，which of the following is NOT true?
【選項】
A.No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.
B.The star would be destroyed completely.
C.Much of the stars matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black holes reach.
D.The black hole would completely devour the star.
【答案】D
【解析】
34.【題干】What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?
【選項】
A.The stars matter will move further away from by the black hole.
B.The black holes matter will heat up.
C.The torn stars matter will swirl into the black hole.
D.The black holes matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.
【答案】C
【解析】
35.【題干】According to the context，the word "disruption" in Paragraph 6 means_____
【選項】
A."Confusion."
B."Tearing apart."
C."Interruption."
D."Flattening."
【答案】B
【解析】
閱讀理解
第二篇 Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)
TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(熱帶大草原)ofnorthern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid(半干旱)lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.
Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.
One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一 keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一 tryingto grow too many crops on poor land一 resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蝕) follows, and the land turns into desert.
Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.
The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. Theyare,however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainableagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.
35 order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.
A. making good use of international aids
B. developing a sustainableagricultural economy
C. gaining international support
D. converting agricultural land intoforest
答案：b
36.The Sahel zone is an area which ___.
A. is covered with sad and grass
B. has a long history
C. occupies much of South Nigeria
D. belongs to Sudan
答案：a
37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?
A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslands
B. The deserts are expanding
C. the deserts are moving northwards
D. the deserts are being deserted
答案：b
38. The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph2 means ___.
A. deepened
B. suffered
C. slipped
D. worsened
答案：d
39. What is the root causeof desertification?
A. poor farming
B. overpopulation
C. radical climate change
D. disappearance of rare plant species
答案：a
40. In order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.
A. making good use of international aids
B. developing a sustainableagricultural economy
C. gaining international support
D. converting agricultural land intoforest
答案：b
第三篇
OlderVolcanic Eruptions
Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because theywere bigger，but because the carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleased wiped out life with greater ease.
Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for thesevolcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volumeof lava (熔巖) that they produced. He found that sizefor size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping outlife as their more recent rivals
The Permian (二疊紀)extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size ofwestern Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10gigatonnes (十億噸) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The globalwarming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera (種類)at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity andglobal warming but no mass extindtion. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within tens of thousands of years. "The most recentones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored theextinction which wiped out the dinosaurs (恐龍) 65million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid (小行星). Hethinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.
Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France,says that Wignalls idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard todo these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands
or millions of years. He also adds that itis difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and thatlava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.
41.Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones because
A. older volcanoes were brighter.
B. carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmer
C. older volcanoes were hotter
D. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily
答案：d
42. Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions by
A. estimating how long they lasted
B. counting the dinosaurs they killed
C. comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava produced
D. studying the chemical composition oflava
答案：c
43. When did dinosaurs become extinct?
A. 300 million years ago.
B. 250 million years ago
C. 65 million years ago
D. 60 million years ago
答案：c
44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______
A. a political issue.
B. self-evident.
C. quite certain
D. controversial
答案：d
45. What is the main thesis of thearticle?
A. Volcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly.
B. Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming.
C. Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructive
D. It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption
答案：c
CellPhone Lets Your Secrets Out
Your cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that youve programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遺留) on thedevice according to a new study
DNA is genetic (遺傳的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.
Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped the____device_____ (57). This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones(翻蓋手機)of10 volunteers. They used swabs (藥簽) tocollect _____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the users ear
The scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62) the phones and cleaned each phoneonce more.
The scientists discovered DNA that _____belonged______(63) to the phones speaker on each of the phones. Better samples werecollected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNAthat belonged to other people who had apparently also ____handed______ (64) thephone
Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabsthat were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests thatwashing wont remove all traces of ___evidence________ (65) from a criminalsdevice. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch (確定)a crime-scene investigation.
51.
A. name
B.pictures
C. shapes
D. traces
答案：d
52.
A. that
B. while
C.as
D.what
答案：a
53.
A. common
B. good
C. helpful
D. unique
答案：d
54.
A. behind
B. away
C. aside
D.over
答案：a
55.
A. visitors
B. travelers
C.scientists
D.criminals
答案：d
56.
A. until
B. before
C.unless
D. than
答案：d
57.
A. paper
B. document
C. device
D.file
答案：c
58.
A. checked
B. involved
C. tested
D. gathered
答案：b
59.
A. invisible
B.emotional
C. poisonous
D. magical
答案：a
60.
A. holds
B. watches
C. drops
D. covers
答案：a
61.
A. with
B.by
C. for
D. of
答案：d
62.
A. collected
B. answered
C. returned
D. used
答案：a
63.
A. moved
B.changed
C. belonged
D.turned
答案：c
64.
A bought
B. repaired
C.seen
D. handed
答案：d
65.
A. smell
B. evidence
C.sound
D.color
答案：b
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