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2015年職稱英語考試（衛(wèi)生類A）考前押題試卷（第二套）
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
1. The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.
A.argued
B.derived
C.permitted
D.come
2. I can no longer tolerate hisactions.
A.put up with
B.accept
C.take
D.suffer from
3. Our plan is to allocate onemember of staff to handle appointments.
A.ask
B.persuade
C.assign
D.order
4. She has been the subject of massive media coverage.
A.extensive
B.negative
C.responsive
D.explosive
5. I expect that she will be able to caterfor your particular needs.
A.supply
B.reach
C.provide
D.meet
6. The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.
A.measure
B.opinion
C.method
D.decision
7. It's sensible to start anyexercise program gradually at first.
A.workable
B.reasonable
C.possible
D.available
8. A lot of people could fall ill afterdrinking contaminated water.
A.boiled
B.polluted
C.mixed
D.sweetened
9. You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position.
A.maintain
B.better
C.acquire
D.support
10. She stood there, trembling withfear.
A.jumping
B.crying
C.moving
D.shaking
11. The food is insufficient forthree people.
A.instant
B.infinite
C.inexpensive
D.inadequate
12. Thousands of people perished inthe storm.
A.died
B.suffered
C.floated
D.scattered
13. But in the end he approved ofour proposal.
A.undoubtedly
B.certainly
C.ultimately
D.necessarily
14. For young children, getting dressed isa complicated business.
A.strange
B.complex
C.personal
D.funny
15. In Britain and many other countries, appraisal is now a tool of management.
A.evaluation
B.production
C.efficiency
D.publicity
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16—22題，每題l分，共7分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
Creating a World without Smoking
Smoking will be banned in all pubs, clubs and workplaces from next yearafter historic votes in the Commons last night. After last-minute appeals fromhealth campaigners, MPs opted for a blanket prohibition which will start insummer 2007, ending months of argument over whether smokers should be barred inpubs and restaurants only. They voted to ban smoking in all pubs and clubs by384 to 184, a surprisingly large majority of 200.
Smoking will still be allowed in the home and in places considered to behomes, such as prisons, care homes and hotels.
Smokers lighting up in banned areas will face a fixed penalty notice of ￡50and spot frees of ￡ 200 will be introduced for failingto display no-smoking signs, with the possible penalty, if the issue goes tocourt, increasing to ￡1000.
Carpline Flint, the Public Health Minister, also announced that the finefor failing to stop people smoking in banned areas would be increased to ￡2500 - more than ten times the ￡ 200 originallyproposed.
The Bill also allows the Government to increase the age for buyingcigarettes. Ministers will consult on raising it from 16 to 18.
The Bill now goes to the Lords but will be through by the summer recess.
Even a plan to allow smoking to continue in private clubs was thrown outas MPs on all sides were given permission to vote with their conscience ratherthan on a party line.
Patricia Hewitt, the Health Secretary, said the Health Bill would bansmoking in "virtually every enclosed public place and workplace" inEngland and save thousands of lives a year. Smoke-free workplaces and publicplaces "will become the norm".
She said, "An additional 600000 people will give up smoking as aresult of this law and millions more will be protected from second-hand smoke."
Peter Hollins, director-general of the British Heart Foundation, said,"The vote is a landmark victory for the public health of this country andwill save the lives of many people."
16. A ban on smoking in all pubs, clubsand workplaces will begin in summer 2007.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17. The law doesn't seem to apply toofficials.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. One can nevertheless smoke at home.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19. There is a possibility for theGovernment to raise the age for buying cigarettes.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20. The Government will shut down cigarettefactories in large numbers.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. The Government will definitely imposea much heavier tax on tobacco.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22. The Government will take necessarymeasures to help smokers give up smoking.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2-5段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第27—30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Stanford University
1. Stanford University is sometimes called"the Harvard of the West". The closeness of Stanford to SanFrancisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university adecidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的) flavor.
2. The students are enrolled mainly fromthe western United States. But most of the fifty states send students toStanford, and many foreign student study here, as well. And standards for admissionremain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upperfifteen percent of their high school classes.
3. Not only because of the high caliber (素質(zhì))of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate,Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world's most respected scholars.The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners in various fields. Stanford'sundergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business law,and medicine are especially well-regarded.
4. What is student life like on "TheFarm"? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizensof nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in theuniversity's several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduationsare also held.Several film series are presentedduring the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic lifefrequently appear on campus. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offershighly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very muchpart of the Stanford picture.So are bicycling andjogging.
5. In addition to financial support fromalumni (校友), Stanford receives grants from the governmentand from private charities. In recent years, government grants have made. Possibleadvanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy.At present Stanford is carrying out all ambitious building program, financed inpart by the Ford Foundation's 25 million grant. Recently added to the campusale a new physics building. New school of business, new graduate school of law,new student union, and undergraduate library.
23. Paragraph 2__________.
24. Paragraph 3__________.
25. Paragraph 4__________.
26. Paragraph 5__________.
A.Colorful Life on Campus
B.Intelligent Student Body
C.Excellent Administration
D.Distinguished Faculty
E.Substantial FinancialSupport
F.Rich European Flavor
27. Stanford University attracts studentsfrom__________.
28. The faculty of the university boastssome of the world's__________.
29. The university offers a rich varietyof__________.
30. The development of the universityrelies to a certain extent on__________.
A.both indoors andoutdoors
B.both home and abroad
C.most distinguishedscholars
D.desirable climate
E.cultural activities
F.external financialsupport
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Play
Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent yearsresearch has shown the great importance of play in the development of a humanbeing. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the rightmaterials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function isto suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys,which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again.Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of achild's development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that thestandard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities,is largely determined in the first three years of his life. Soa baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown thingsand played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.
In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows nobounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, fortrying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particularability. Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and constructiontoys; painting, scribbling (涂鴉) and making things; sandand water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first socialgames for learning to play and get on with others.
But the third stage of play development — from five to seven oreight years -- the child is at school. But for a few more years play is stillthe best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which typeof toys the chills most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to achild.But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become themain source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead onto new hobbies, but their significance has changed --to a child of nice or tenyears, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
31. The passage tells us that as a childgrows up, _______.
A.he should be allowed tochoose his own toys
B.he should be givenidentical toys
C.he should be givendifferent toys
D.he should be given fewerand fewer toys
32. According to the passage, theabilities a child has inherited from his parents_______.
A.determine his character
B.will not change afterthe age of three
C.partly determine the standardhe is likely to reach
D.to a large extentdetermine the choice of toys
33. Who have the best chance of growing upsuccessfully?
A.Those who tend toovereat.
B.Those who are given alot of toys.
C.Those who are giventoys, talked to and played with.
D.Those who can sharetheir toys with their playmates.
34. We learn from the passage that a childhas boundless curiosity_______.
A.when he is two
B.when he is around four
C.when he is six
D.when he is eight
35. The passage is mainly about_______.
A.the importance ofpre-school education
B.the importance ofschooling
C.the role of play in achild's development
D.the choice of toys foradolescents
New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and HumanServices Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program totry to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heartdisease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病)。
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases -- the leadingcauses of death in the United States -- and outlines ways that people canprevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
"In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majorityof serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronicdiseases," the Health and Human Services department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral -- smoking, poor eating habits and alack of exercise.
"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better healthis a smart policy choice for our future." Thompson told aconference held to launch the initiative.
"Our current health care system is not structured to deal with therising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changesin our lifestyle choices. "
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than$ 351 billion in 2003.
"These leading causes of death for men and women are largelypreventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US tolead healthier, longer lives," he said.
The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention,pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walkmore.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heartdisease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics andnutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people atrisk of diabetes about what they card do to prevent it and encourage morecancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can becaught by screening, including Pap tests (巴氏試驗) for cervical (子宮頸的) cancer mammograms (乳房X線照 片) for breast cancer, colonoscopies (結(jié)腸鏡檢查),and prostate (前列腺的) checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimatesthat the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
36. Which of the following is NOT true ofchronic diseases in the US?
A.They account for 70%ofall deaths.
B.They are responsible formost of the health care costs.
C.They often result inunhealthy lifestyles.
D.They are largelypreventable.
37. The author mentions all the followingways of disease prevention EXCEPT_______.
A.better diet
B.increased exercise
C.less smoking
D.more frequent handwashing
38. The passage indicates that spendingmore money on disease prevention will mean_______.
A.greater responsibilityof the government
B.less need for input intotreatment
C.higher costs of healthcare
D.more lifestyle choicesfor people
39. The purpose of the $15 million programis to_______.
A.promote diseaseprevention
B.build more highways
C.help poor communities
D.wipe out chronicdiseases
40. Early cancer screening can help reducesignificantly_______.
A.the death rates for allchronic diseases
B.the kinds of cancerattacking people
C.the incidence rate forcancer
D.the death rate for cancer
TechnologyTransfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial Success, fewnations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial basehas been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though Germanprosperity (繁榮) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east andwest as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable recordfor turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a networkof research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems andcreate sought -- after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, andtechnology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes forpumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it isnot without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research willmean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. Ifevery scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企業(yè)家),the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research beingcuriosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmers topromote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businessesthat are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate fromGermany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, MaxPlanck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, thatplays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largestorganization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12000people.It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich HertzInstitute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are evenFraunhofers in the US and Asia.
41. What factor can be attributed toGerman prosperity?
A.Technology transfer.
B.Good management.
C.Hard work.
D.Fierce competition.
42. Which of the following is NOT true oftraditional university research?
A.It is free.
B.It is profit-driven.
C.It is widely available
D.It is curiosity-driven.
43. The Fraunhofer Society is the largestorganisation for applied technology in_______.
A.Asia
B.USA
C.Europe
D.Africa
44. When was the Fraunhofer Societyfounded?
A.In 1940.
B.Last year.
C.After the unification.
D.In 1949.
45. The word "expertise" in line3 could be best replaced by_______.
A."experts"
B."scientists"
C."scholars"
D."specialknowledge"
第5部分：補全短文(第46—50題，每題2分，共10分)
閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Every DogHas Its Say
Kimiko Fukuda, a Japanese girl, always wondered what her dog was tryingto say.
Whenever she put on makeup, it would pullat her sleeve. (46) When the dog barks, sheglances at a small electronic gadget (裝置). Thefollowing "human" translation appears on its screen: "Pleasetake me with you. " "I realized that's how he was feeling. "said Fukuda.
The .gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks intofeelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made theworld's first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300000 Japanese dogowners bought it. (47) "Nobody else had thought about it,"said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara , "We spend so much time trainingdogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understanddogs?" Bowlingual has two parts. (48) The translation is done in the gadget using a database (資料庫)containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research, these noises are divided into sixcategories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. (49) Inthis way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which isthen translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda's houserecently, the dog barked a loud "bowwow". This translated as"Don't come this way. " (50)
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120 It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog's emotions when theowner is away.
A.A wireless microphone isattached to the dog's collar, which sends information to the gadget held by theowner.
B.Nobody really knows howa dog feels.
C.It was followed by"I'm stronger than you" as the dog growled (嗥叫) and sniffed (嗅) at the visitor.
D.More customers areexpected when the English version is launched this summer.
E.Now, the Japanese girlthinks she knows.
F.Each one of theseemotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let's play","Look atme", or "Spend more time with me".
第6部分：完形填空(第51—65題，每題l分，共15分)
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Cost as a Factor in Supply
In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services hasno control over the market price, because he produces too little to influencemarket conditions. With no difference between his products and the products (51) his competitors, he will sell nothing if hecharges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or (52) the market price.However,in considering the price, he must take the (53) of production intoconsideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost.This might happen when prices tumble for (54) he believes will be a short time.However, no business person can (55) to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly (56) of his costs in relation to the marketprice if he is to competes successfully and earn a profit.
Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs perunit decrease. (57) mass production has made this true in certainindustries and at certain levels of production, (58) logic and practical experiences have shownthat costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Someeconomists (59) to this principle as the law of increasingcosts.
The reason costs rise as production goes up is (60) However, it is easy to recognizethat as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production willalso grow, (61) competitive bidding in the marketplace forthe factors of production. If a producer needs (62) skilled labor to produce more, and none ofthis labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get (63) from other sources. This can be done by (64) higher wages. Higher biddingwould also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognizethat not all labor is equally productive, (65) not all land is equallyfertile and not all ore (礦石) is equally rich inthe mineral wanted.
51. A.to
B.at
C.of
D.on
52. A.below
B.beneath
C.over
D.above
53. A.price
B.cost
C.worth
D.profit
54. A.that
B.why
C.what
D.if
55. A.afford
B.pretend
C.offer
D.try
56. A.sure
B.afraid
C.aware
D.suspicious
57. A Because
B.Since
C.When
D.While
58. A.both
B.neither
C.none
D.any
59. A.resort
B.refer
C.turn
D.attend
60. A.clear
B.simple
C.difficult
D.complex
61. A.bringing
B.resulting in
C.including
D.carrying out
62. A.less
B.numerous
C.more
D.many
63. A.them
B.these
C.it
D.those
64. A.offering
B.cutting
C.reducing
D.having
65. A.as if
B.just as
C.because
D.while
參考答案與解析
第1部分：詞匯選項
1.【答案】B
【題干】這個結(jié)論可以從這個前提中推斷出來。
A.爭論
B.得到，推斷，源于
C.允許
D.來
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞推斷意為“推斷，得出結(jié)論”，與derive語義相近。所以答案為B。
2.【答案】A
【題干】我再也不能忍受他的行為了。
A.忍受
B.接受
C.拿
D.受苦，患……病
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞tolerate意為“忍受，寬容”，與put up with在意思上是同義詞，所以正確答案為A。
3.【答案】C
【題干】我們的計劃是指定一位員工去赴約。
A.問，要求
B.勸服，勸說
C.分配，指派
D.命令，訂購
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞allocate意為“分配，指定”，與assign為近義詞。故答案為C。
4.【答案】A
【題干】她一直都是大量媒體報道的對象。
A.廣泛的，大量的
B.負面的，消極的
C.回應(yīng)的，響應(yīng)的
D.爆炸的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞massive意為“大量的，巨大的”。與extensive 意思上比較一致，所以答案為A。
5.【答案】D
【題干】我希望她能滿足你特殊的需求。
A.提供
B.達到，到達
C.提供
D.會見，滿足
【解析】考查動詞。劃線詞cater for the needs意為“滿足需求”，在語義上同meet the needs，所以答案為D。
6.【答案】A
【題干】這個指標是政府對未來經(jīng)濟行為的主要衡量。
A.測量，估量
B.意見，主張
C.方法
D.決定，決議
【解析】考查名詞。題干線詞gauge意為“估計，精確測量”，所以正確答案為A。
7.【答案】B
【題干】循序漸進地開始任何鍛煉計劃都是明智的。
A.可行的
B.合理的
C.可能的
D.可用的，有空的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞sensible意為“明智的，合乎常理的”，所以正確答案為B。
8.【答案】B
【題干】許多人會因為喝了被污染的水而得病。
A.煮沸的
B.污染的
C.混合的
D.變甜的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞contaminated意為“被污染的，弄臟的”，故正確答案為B。
9.【答案】A
【題干】如果你想要保持自己的職位，就得耐心。
A.保持，維持
B.改善，提高
C.獲得，得到
D.支持
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞sustain意為“繼續(xù)，保持”，sustain one’s position的意思是“繼續(xù)保持自己的職位”，所以正確答案為A。
10.【答案】D
【題干】他站在那兒，害怕地發(fā)抖。
A.跳躍
B.哭
C.移動
D.顫抖，震動
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞tremble意為“戰(zhàn)栗，顫抖”，所以正確答案為D。
11.【答案】D
【題干】這些食物對于三個人不夠。
A.迫切的
B.無限的
C.不貴的，便宜的
D.不充分的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞insufficient意為“不充分的”，所以正確答案為D。12.【答案】A
【題干】數(shù)千人在暴風雨中喪生。
A.死亡
B.遭受，蒙受
C.漂浮
D.散亂
【解析】考查動詞。題干劃線詞perish意為“死亡”，所以正確答案為A。
13【答案】C
【題干】他最終同意了我們的提議。
A.毋庸置疑地
B.當然
C.最后地
D.必定地
【解析】考查短語。題干劃線詞in the end意為“最后”，所以正確答案為C。
14.【答案】B
【題干】對于小孩子，穿衣服是一件復(fù)雜的事情。
A.奇怪的
B.復(fù)雜的
C.個人的
D.有趣的
【解析】考查形容詞。題干劃線詞complicated意為“復(fù)雜的”，所以正確答案為B。
15.【答案】A
【題干】在美國和一些其他國家，考核成為一種管理工具。
A.評價
B.生產(chǎn)
C.效率
D.公眾信息，宣傳
【解析】考查名詞。題干劃線詞appraisal意為“評價，估量”，所以正確答案為A。
第2部分：閱讀判斷
16.【答案】A
【題干】一項在所有酒店、俱樂部和工作場所禁煙的禁令將于2007年夏天開始實施。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞“2007”定位到文章的第一句和第二句，題干信息與原文信息相符，所以答案為A。
17.【答案】B
【題干】這條法律似乎不適用于官員。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞進行定位，文章里沒有說過官員可以不受這條法律的約束，從該法律實施的范圍可以判斷，不論是官員還是普通百姓均受該法律的約束，所以題干信息與原文信息不一致，故答案為8。
18.【答案】A
【題干】在家吸煙是可以的。
【解析】用線索詞at home定位，文章第二段有相關(guān)信息，大意是：在家里可以被看做是家庭的場所，吸煙是允許的。
19.【答案】A
【題干】政府有可能提高買煙者的年齡。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第五段“The Bill also allows the Government to increase the age for buying cigarettes”，表明政府很可能把允許購買香煙的年齡提高，所以答案為A。
20.【答案】C
【題干】政府打算大量關(guān)閉煙廠。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞進行定位，文中沒有提到政府打算大量關(guān)閉煙廠這件事。
21.【答案】C
【題干】政府將對煙草課以重稅。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞進行定位，文中沒有講政府將對煙草課以重稅。
22【答案】C
【題干】政府將采取措施幫助吸煙者戒煙。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞進行定位，文中沒有談到政府準備如何幫助吸煙者戒煙。
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子
23.【答案】B
【題干】第二段的段落大意為_________。
【解析】第二段主題句為最后一句“Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.”意為“選擇高中班級中的前l(fā)5%的年輕的男孩和女孩進入斯坦福大學。”可知第二段主要講的是良好的生源，所以選項B(優(yōu)秀的生源)為正確答案。
24.【答案】D
【題干】第三段的段落大意為_________。
【解析】第三段主題句為第一句“Not only because of the high caliber(素質(zhì))of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate，Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world’s most respected scholars.”意為“不僅因為其學生的素質(zhì)，還因為其理想的地理位置和氣候，斯坦福大學已經(jīng)吸引了一些世界上最受人尊敬的學者來校任教。”所以選項D(杰出的師資)為正確答案。
25.【答案】A
【題干】第四段的段落大意為_________。
【解析】第四段主題句為第一句“What is student life like on‘The Farm’?”意為“學生的在校生活什么樣子呢?”，第四段主要講學生豐富多彩的校園生活，所以選項A(豐富多彩的校園生活)為正確答案。
26.【答案】 E
【題干】第五段的段落大意為_________。
【解析】第五段主題句為第一句“In addition to financial support from alumni，Stanford receives grants from the government and from private charities.”意為“除了校友的經(jīng)濟支持，斯坦福大學還收到來自政府和私人慈善機構(gòu)的資助。”所以選項E(大量的財政支持)為正確答案。
27.【答案】B
【題干】斯坦福大學吸引來自_________的學生。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞students可以定位到第二段第一、二句“The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States.But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford，and many foreign student study here，as well.”意為“主要招收的學生來自美國西部，但是五十個州中的大部分也派遣學生到斯坦福大學，同時許多外國學生也到這里求學。”所以選項B(國內(nèi)外)為正確答案。
28.【答案】 C
【題干】斯坦福大學的教師擁有一些世界上的_________ 。
【解析】利用題干關(guān)鍵詞faculty可以定位到第三段第二句“Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world’s most respected scholars.”意為“斯坦福大學已經(jīng)吸引了一些世界上最受人尊敬的學者來校任教。”所以選項C(知名的學者)為正確答案。
29.【答案】E
【題干】斯坦福大學提供了豐富多彩的_________。
【解析】由文章第四段可知，學校的文化活動豐富多彩，所以E(文化活動)為正確答案。
30.【答案】F
【題干】斯坦福大學的發(fā)展一定程度上依賴于_________。
【解析】文章第五段第一句“In addition to financial support from alumni.Stanford receives grants from the government and from private charities.”意為“除了校友的經(jīng)濟支持，斯坦福大學還收到來自政府和私人慈善機構(gòu)的資助。”所以選項F(外部的經(jīng)濟資助)為正確答案。
第4部分：閱讀理解
31.【答案】C
【題干】這篇文章告訴我們，隨著孩子的成長，________。
A.他應(yīng)該被允許選擇自己的玩具
B.他應(yīng)該被給予同樣的玩具
C.他應(yīng)該被給予不同的玩具
D.他應(yīng)該被給予越來越少的玩具
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞無法定位到相關(guān)信息，就可以改為定位選項關(guān)鍵詞，選項C利用關(guān)鍵詞different可以定位到第一段“Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development”，即“在孩子發(fā)展的不同階段選擇適合的玩具是非常重要的。”據(jù)此可知答案為C。
32.【答案】C
【題干】根據(jù)短文，孩子從父母那里繼承的能力________。
A.決定孩子的性格
B.在三歲后不會改變
C.部分地決定他要達到的標準
D.很大程度上決定他對玩具的選擇
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞ability和inherit可以定位到第二段“In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach，within the range of his inherited abilities，is largely determined in the first three years of his life”，即“近來有關(guān)嬰兒發(fā)展的研究表明，在所繼承的能力范圍內(nèi)，孩子可能達到的標準主要是在其生命中的前三年決定的”，由此可知正確答案為C。
33.【答案】C
【題干】誰有最佳的成長機會?
A.那些吃得多的孩子。
B.那些被給予了很多玩具的孩子。
C.那些被給予了玩具、有人說話和玩的孩子。
D.那些將玩具與玩伴分享的孩子。
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞chance和grow up successfully可以定位到第二段“A baby who is encouraged and stimulated，talked to and shown things and played with，has the best chance of growing up successfully”，即“一個受到鼓勵和激勵并有人和他聊天和玩耍的孩子有著成功長大的最佳機會”，由此，答案為C。
34.【答案】B
【題干】從文中可知，孩子有無窮的好奇心________。
A.當他兩歲時
B.當他大約四歲時
C.當他六歲時
D.當他八歲時
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞boundless curiosity等可以定位到第三段“In the next stage，from three to five years old，curiosity knows no bounds”，意為“在下個階段，從三歲到五歲，好奇心是無窮的”，所以正確答案為B。
35.【答案】C
【題干】這篇文章主要是關(guān)于________。
A.學前教育的重要性
B.上學的重要性
C.孩子成長過程中玩樂的作用
D.為青年選擇玩具
【解析】主旨題。從每段的首尾句來看，主要談?wù)摬煌A段孩子應(yīng)該如何玩耍，特別是第一段的首句“Play is the principal business of childhood，and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being”，即“玩耍是兒童時期最重要的事情，近來的研究已經(jīng)表明玩耍在人成長過程中的重要作用”，而且短文的題目就是play，由此正確答案為C。
36.【答案】C
【題干】在美國，下列哪項關(guān)于慢性疾病是不正確的?
A.它們占所有死亡人數(shù)的70%。
B.它們占用了大部分的醫(yī)療費用。
C.它們往往導(dǎo)致不健康的生活方式。
D.它們在很大程度上是可以預(yù)防的。
【解析】細節(jié)題。本題利用題干不好定位，可改為定位選項。利用選項關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章的第二段、第四段可知，不健康的生活方式會導(dǎo)致慢性病的發(fā)生，而不是慢性疾病導(dǎo)致不健康的生活方式，所以答案為C。
37.【答案】D
【題干】作者提到了以下所有疾病的預(yù)防方式，除了________。
A.更好的飲食
B.增加運動
C.少吸煙
D.更頻繁的洗手
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞prevent可以定位到第二段“…that people can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise”，可知好的飲食和增加運動可以預(yù)防。在通過定位選項可以定位到文章第四段“The causes are often behavioral--smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.”意為“起因往往是經(jīng)常行為——吸煙、不良飲食習慣和缺乏鍛煉。”可知少抽煙也可以預(yù)防，所以答案為D。
38.【答案】B
【題干】文章表明，疾病預(yù)防方面花更多的錢將意味著________。
A.政府更大的責任
B.疾病治療投入的更少需求
C.醫(yī)療保健的更高成本
D.人們有生活方式更多的選擇
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞spending money on disease prevention可以定位到文章中不難看出，在疾病預(yù)防方面多投入將意味著治療疾病的投入需求相應(yīng)可以減少，所以選項B為正確答案。
39.【答案】A
【題干】這15億美元項目的目的是________。
A.促進疾病的預(yù)防
B.興建更多的公路
C.幫助貧困社區(qū)
D.消滅慢性疾病
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第九段“The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.”意為“15億元的項目設(shè)計走進社區(qū)以促進預(yù)防，推動變化就好比修建人行道，鼓勵人們多走路一樣。”由此可知，這筆錢的主要用途是疾病預(yù)防，所以選項A為正確答案。
40.【答案】D
【題干】早期癌癥普查能夠顯著降低________。
A.所有慢性疾病的死亡率
B.癌癥對人類的攻擊
C.癌癥的發(fā)病率
D.癌癥的死亡率
【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞early screening定位原文最后一段“If such cancers were all caught by early screening，the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.”意為“如果癌癥能夠在早期進行普查，那么估計癌癥的存活率將上升到95%。”也就是說降低癌癥的死亡率，所以選項D為正確答案。
41.【答案】A
【題干】下列哪些因素推動了德國的繁榮?
A.技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化。
B.良好的管理。
C.工作努力。
D.激烈的競爭。
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞 German prosperity可以定位到第一段“And though German prosperity has faltered over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit”，即“盡管德國的繁榮因為統(tǒng)一東德和西德的巨大成本和全球經(jīng)濟的衰退而開始衰落。但是它仍舊因為其將想法變成利益而擁有令人羨慕的記錄”，由此可知，德國繁榮的原因之一就是將想法變成利潤，即把理論轉(zhuǎn)化為技術(shù)，所以A為正確答案。
42.【答案】B
【題干】下列有關(guān)傳統(tǒng)大學研究的說法不正確的是哪一項?
A.它是免費的。
B.它是受利益驅(qū)動的。
C.它是廣泛普及的。
D.它是受好奇心強驅(qū)動的。
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞traditional university research可以定位到第三段“…then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity—driven free and widely available will suffer”，即“屬于好奇心驅(qū)動的、免費的和可廣泛獲得的大學研究的傳統(tǒng)原則將受到不良影響”，所以正確答案為B。
43.【答案】C
【題干】Fraunhofer組織是________最大的應(yīng)用技術(shù)的組織。
A.亞洲
B.美國
C.歐洲
D.非洲
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in 1949，the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organisation for applied technology”，即“Fraunhofer成立于1949年，是目前歐洲最大的應(yīng)用技術(shù)的組織”，可知答案為C。
44.【答案】D
【題干】Fraunhofer成立于什么時候?
A.1940年。
B.去年。
C.德國統(tǒng)一后。
D.1949年。
【解析】細節(jié)題。利用題干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in l949，the Fraunhofer Society…”，所以D為正確答案。
45.【答案】D
【題干】第三行“expertise”的意思是________。
A.專家
B.科學家
C.學家
D.專門知識
【解析】詞匯題。expertise意為“專門知識，專門技術(shù)”，所以答案為D。
第5部分：補全短文
A.無線麥克風附著在狗項圈上，將信息發(fā)送到由主人持有的小工具上。
B.沒有人真正知道狗的感覺。
C.緊接著是“我比你強”，在狗咆哮并嗅游客時。
D.更多消費者期待英文版本何時推出。
E.現(xiàn)在，日本女孩認為她們知道。
F.每種情緒都連接了一個短語，像“讓我們一起玩”，“看看我”，或者是“花更多的時間陪陪我”。
46.【答案】E
【解析】從原文來看，文章的第一句話提出了Kimiko Fukuda一直在想的一件事，即狗究竟想表達什么。緊接著應(yīng)該給出一個答案是比較符合邏輯的。所以正確答案為選項E。
47.【答案】D
【解析】從原文來看，上一句話說的是30萬日本養(yǎng)狗人已經(jīng)買了人狗翻譯機。符合邏輯的一步是更多的人還會買，所以選項D是正確答案。
鎬.【答案】A
【解析】從原文來看，上一句說的是Bowlingual這個裝置有兩個部分。接著應(yīng)該是具體說明。選項A是對裝置的具體說明，所以放在這里符合語境。
49.【答案】F
【解析】從原文來看，第五段的第一句話說的是：根據(jù)動物行為研究，這些雜音可以分成六類：幸福;悲痛;受挫;氣憤;聲稱;欲望。因為是人狗翻譯機，這些情感還需要跟人的話對應(yīng)起來。所以選項F為正確答案。
50.【答案】C
【解析】從原文來看，上一句話說的是，當一個客人最近來到Fukuda的屋時，狗大聲地叫著“bowwow”的聲音。因為是在講人狗翻譯機，下面一句話應(yīng)該講的是它的翻譯。所以選項C為正確答案。
第6部分：完形填空
51.【答案】C
【題干】他的產(chǎn)品與其競爭對手________產(chǎn)品沒有什么不同，所以如果他的價格高于市場價格，則他就賣不出去。
A.到，向
B.在……
C.關(guān)于，屬于，……的
D.在……上，關(guān)于
【解析】考查介詞。四個選項分別代入，這里表示所屬關(guān)系，所以答案為C。
52.【答案】A
【題干】他的產(chǎn)品與其競爭對手的產(chǎn)品沒有什么不同，所以如果他的價格高于市場價格，則他就賣不出去，而如果他的要價與市場價格一樣或________市場價格，他就可以賣掉全部產(chǎn)品。
A.……之下
B.在下方
C.超過，在……之上
D.在……之上
【解析】考查介詞。結(jié)合上下文語境，可知是低于市場價格，但是beneath強調(diào)有接觸面，所以正確答案為A。
53.【答案】B
【題干】然而，在考慮價格時，他必須將生產(chǎn)的________考慮在內(nèi)。
A.價格
B.成本，花費
C.價值
D.利益，利潤
【解析】考查名詞。四個選項分別代入后，cost和profit都可以，但是從后一句“There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost”，即“有時候他愿意以低于成本的價格出售”。由此可知，主要是討論價格和成本的關(guān)系，所以答案為B。
54.【答案】C
【題干】當價格因為他認為是短期的那些因素而下跌的時候，這種情況就會發(fā)生 (以低于成本的價格賣出產(chǎn)品)。
【解析】這里考查的是賓語從句。這里“________he believes will be a short time”做的是介詞for的賓語，而從句中will前面顯然缺少了主語，所以用what引導(dǎo)。
55.【答案】A
【題干】但是，沒有商人能________長期的賠本。
A.買得起，負擔得起
B.假裝
C.提供
D.盡力，嘗試
【解析】考查動詞。分別代入四個選項，結(jié)合上下文，afford符合原文語境，即商人們都禁不起長期的賠本，故正確答案為A。
56.【答案】C
【題干】他必須經(jīng)常________涉及市場價格的成本，如果他要取得競爭的成功并獲利。
A.確定的
B.害怕的，擔心的.
C.意識到的，知道的
D.懷疑的
【解析】考查形容詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，應(yīng)該是為了在競爭中獲勝和獲利，必須要關(guān)注市場價格，故答案為C。
57.【答案】D
【題干】________在特定行業(yè)和特定水平上，大量生產(chǎn)使得成本降低變成現(xiàn)實，邏輯和實踐經(jīng)歷都已經(jīng)說明超過一定生產(chǎn)水平后，每個單位的成本開始增加。
A.因為
B.自從，既然
C.當……時候
D.當……時候，雖然，但是
【解析】考查狀語從句。前后分句之間應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故正確答案為D。
58.【答案】A。
【題干】警察也必須同意修改身份證上的性別在________發(fā)生之前。
A. 兩者都
B. B.兩者都不
C. C.沒有人
D. D.任何人
【解析】考查代詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，logic和practical之間為并列關(guān)系，所以用both…and…，正確答案為A。
59.【答案】B
【題干】一些經(jīng)濟學家將這個原則________為增加成本法則。
A. 訴諸，求助(resort to)
B. B.指代，參考(refer to)
C. C.轉(zhuǎn)向，求助(turn to)
D. D.照顧，照料(attend to)
【解析】考查短語。refer to A as B意為“將A稱之為B”為固定搭配，其他三個選項代入后都不符合語境，所以正確答案為B。
60.【答案】D
【題干】成本隨著產(chǎn)量增長而增長的原因是________。
A.清楚的
B.簡單的
C.苦難的
D.復(fù)雜的
【解析】考查形容詞。后一句的連接詞為however，可知前后之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后一句說的是“it is easy…”，所以本題選擇D。
61.【答案】B
【題干】隨著產(chǎn)量的上升，生產(chǎn)的額外因素的需求就會隨之增加，________市場上生產(chǎn)因素的競標。
A.帶來
B.導(dǎo)致
C.包括
D.開展，執(zhí)行
【解析】考查名詞。四個選項分別代入后，根據(jù)上下文語境，前后分句之間為因果關(guān)系，所以正確答案為B。
62.【答案】C
【題干】如果一個生產(chǎn)者需要________技術(shù)熟練的勞動力來提高產(chǎn)量，那么沒有人會失業(yè)。
A.較少的
B.無數(shù)的
C.更多的
D.許多的
【解析】考查形容詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，應(yīng)該需要更多的勞動力來提高產(chǎn)量，由此more比較符合語境，所以正確答案為C。
63.【答案】C
【題干】如果一個生產(chǎn)者需要更多技術(shù)熟練的勞動力來提高產(chǎn)量，那么沒有人會失業(yè)，生產(chǎn)者將不得不從其他來源中得到________。
A.它們
B.這些
C.它
D.那些
【解析】考查代詞。根據(jù)上下文語境，應(yīng)該是得到勞動力，這里labor用的是單數(shù)，所以用it來表示指代。
64.【答案】A
【題干】這可以通過________高工資而做到。
A.提供
B.削減，切開
C.減少，縮減
D.有
【解析】考查動詞。從前一句可知是要得到技術(shù)熟練的勞動力，可見需要提供高工資才能得到，所以正確答案為A。
65.【答案】B
【題干】我們必須意識到并非所有的勞動力都是同樣地高生產(chǎn)效率，________并非所有的土地都一樣地肥沃以及并非所有的礦石都一樣地富含礦物質(zhì)。
A.好像
B.正如，如同
C.因為
D.當……時候，雖然，但是
【解析】考查狀語從句。四個選項分別代入后，just as比較符合語境，所以正確答案為B。
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