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2016年職稱英語考試《理工類》模擬練習(xí)題
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有下劃線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1 If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause,
A.deliver
B.fall
C.happen
D.arrive
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：如果頭疼只是在晚上發(fā)生，那么缺少新鮮的空氣是原因。occur“發(fā)生”，四個選項：deliver“遞送，交付”;fall“跌倒，降低”;happen“發(fā)生”;arrive“到達”。
2 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.
A.follow
B.remember
C.understand
D.learn
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：讓孩子遵守規(guī)定是很難的。adhere to“遵守”，四個選項：follow“跟隨，遵守”;remember“記住”;understand“理解”;learn“學(xué)習(xí)”。
3 A research center has been set up in this country.
A.praised
B.established
C.reformed
D.criticized
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：這個國家已經(jīng)成立了研究中心。set up“成立，建立”，四個選項：praise“表揚”;establish“建立”;reform“改革，改造”;criticize“批評，指責(zé)”。
4 I hope that I didn’t do anything absurd last night.
A.awkward
B.strange
C.awful
D.stupid
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：我希望我昨晚沒干出什么荒唐的事。absurd“荒謬的，愚蠢可笑的”，四個選項：awkward“尷尬的，笨拙的”;strange“奇怪的，陌生的”;awful“糟糕的”;stupid“愚蠢的”。
5 The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.
A.started
B.finished
C.changed
D.made
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：研究人員剛剛完成車況的研究。complete“完成”;四個選項：start“開始”;finish“完成”;change“改變”;make“制作，使得”。
6 The meaning is still obscure.
A.transparent
B.vague
C.alien
D.significant
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：含義仍然不清楚。obscure“模糊的;不清楚的”，四個選項：transparent“透明的，顯而易見的”;vague“模糊的”;alien“外國的，陌生的”;significant“重要的，有意義的”。
7 I rarely play basketball.
A.normally
B.seldom
C.frequently
D.usually
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析1句意為：我很少打籃球。Rarely“很少”，四個選項：normally“正常地，常態(tài)地”;seldom“很少”;frequently“經(jīng)常”;usually“通常”。
8 There is no risk to public health.
A.point
B.danger
C.chance
D.hope
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：公共安全沒有任何危險。risk“危險”，四個選項：point“某一想法”;danger“危險”;chance“機會”;hope“希望”。
9 The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State.
A.center
B.division
C.root
D.base
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：外語服務(wù)學(xué)院是國務(wù)院的一個分支機構(gòu)。branch“分支機構(gòu);枝”，四個選項： center“中心”;division“分支機構(gòu)”;root“根”;base“基礎(chǔ)”。
10 Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterday
A.trying to find
B.trying to read
C.trying to buy
D.trying to borrow
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：瑪麗正在尋找她昨天丟失的書。look for“尋找”，四個選項：try to find“試圖找 到”;read“閱讀”;buy“購買”;borrow“借入”。
11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.
A.destroy
B.decrease
C.pollute
D.delay
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：傾倒的垃圾可能會污染供水。contaminate“污染”，四個選項：destroy“破壞.毀滅”;decrease“減少，降低”;pollute“污染”;delay“推遲”。
12 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.
A.advocate
B.forbid
C.inherit
D.withdraw
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：應(yīng)該有法律來禁止在兒童身邊吸煙。Prohibit“禁止”，四個選項：advocate“提倡”;forbid“禁止”;inherit“繼承”;withdraw“收回，撤回”。
13 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and PersiA.A.expects
B.assumes
C.predicts
D.considers
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：一種理論假定古菲律賓人來自印度和波斯。postulate“假定”，四個選項：expects“預(yù)期”;assumes“假定”;predicts“預(yù)言，預(yù)測”;consider“考慮”。
14 Our English teacher is sick.
A.fat
B.weak
C.ill
D.mad
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：我們的英語老師病了。sick“生病的”，四個選項：fat“胖的”;weak“體弱的”： ill“有病的，不舒服的”;mad“發(fā)瘋的”。
15 In order to survive man needs to consume food and water.
A.work
B.play
C.live
D.walk
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：為了生存，人類需要消耗食物和水。survive“幸存，活下來”，四個選項：work“工作”;play“玩耍，演奏”;live“活下來，生存”;walk“步行，散步”。
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
回答題:
E1 Nino
While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that E1 Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later E1 Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.
The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it "suggests E1 Nino is indeed predictable."
"This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods." said Weare. He added that the new method "makes it possible to predict E1 Nino at long lead times." Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 E1 Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium. Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England. The 1877 E1 Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.
When E1 Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.
While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major E1 Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
16 The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance. 查看材料
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第一段第一句“While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1 997 EI Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large EI Nino events up tO two years in advance.”可知，最遠能提前到兩年，而問題句說“提前幾個月”，所以選B。
17 The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past E1 Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一句“Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later EI Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000”可知，與問題內(nèi)容一致，所以選A。
18 The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past E1 Nino occurrences.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Other models also use sea-surface temperatures，but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare said.”可知，本文并未提到題目說的內(nèi)容，所以選C。
19 Weare's contribution in predicting E1 Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists,
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，文中并未提到Weare在預(yù)測厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象方面作出了貢獻，也沒有提到他的貢獻是否得到了其他氣象學(xué)家的高度贊揚，所以選C。
20 According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容“When EI Nino hit in 1991 and 1997，200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone，according to a 2002 United Nations report.”可知，題目內(nèi)容錯誤，所以選B。
21 It takes about eight months for E1 Nino to reach its peak.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第八段內(nèi)容“EI Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February.”可知，EI Nino需要大約8個月達到峰值，所以選A。
22 A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容可知，文章中根本就沒有提到“在美國建立一所特別的研究院”，所以選C。
下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個標(biāo)題;(2)第27-30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。
回答題:
The Science of Sport
1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨欄 ) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑運動員 ) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to mn as fast.
2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds ?
3. Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4. Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力 ) sports and require a different parathion ( 硝苯硫磷脂 ) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5. But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization ( 想象 ) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge ? What's more, are all these advantages fair ?
23 Paragraph 2__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】第二段講到破紀(jì)錄的比賽越來越多，我們似乎更接近人類體能的極限，所以選D“運動員仍舊在破紀(jì)錄”。
24 Paragraph 3__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】第三段講到大部分專家認(rèn)為運動員的身體并未發(fā)生變化，而是科學(xué)運動使得運動員能夠提高自身的表現(xiàn)，所以選E“科學(xué)運動有助于提高運動員的表現(xiàn)”。
25 Paragraph 4__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】第四段第一句講到科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)運動類型改變運動員身體的需求，接著講到這項研究已經(jīng)幫助高級運動人員適應(yīng)比賽項目，并滿足特殊需要，所以選A“不同的運動需要不同的訓(xùn)練項目”。
26 Paragraph 5__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：F
參考解析：
【解析】第五段講到，無論在何種運動中，運動員的成功或失敗都來源于體力和精神能力的配合，所以選F“精神培訓(xùn)和體力培訓(xùn)一樣重要”。
27 It is more difficult for today's athletes__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一句“Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance.”可知，本題選B。
28 We don't know if there is a limit__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：F
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?”可知，本題選F。
29 Research has helped coaches__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind”可知，本題選C。
30 Scientific advances are suspected__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第六段第一句“But as science begins to dominate sport，are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition，the sporting challenge?”可知，本題選E。
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
根據(jù)以下材料回答題：
How to Dress Properly
Being less than perfectly well-dressed in a business setting can result in a feeling of profound discomfort that may well require therapy to dispel. And the sad truth is that "clothing mismatches" on the job can ruin the day of the person who is wearing the inappropriate attire (著裝 ), and the people with whom he or she comes in contact.
Offices vary when it comes to dress codes. Some businesses have very high standards for their employees and set strict guidelines for office attire, while others maintain a more relaxed attitude. However, it is always important to remember that no matter what your company's attitude is regarding what you wear, you are working in a business environment and you should dress accordingly. Certain items may be more appropriate for evening wear than for a business meeting. Just as shorts and a T-shirt are better suited for the beach than for an office environment, our attire should reflect both your environment and your position. A senior vice
president has a different image to maintain than that of a secretary or sales assistant. Like it or not, you will be judged by your personal appearance.
This is never more apparent than on "dress-down days", when what you wear can say more about you than any business suit ever could. In fact, people will pay more attention to what you wear on dress-down days than on "business professional" days. Thus, when dressing in "business casual" clothes, try to put some flair into your wardrobe choices, recognizing that the "real" definition of business casual is to dress just one notch ( 等級 ) down from what you would normally wear on business-professional attire days.
Remember, there are boundaries between your career and your social life. You should dress one way for play and another way when you mean business. Always ask yourself where you are going and how other people will be dressed when you get there. Is the final destination the opera, the beach, or the office? Dress accordingly and you will discover the truth in the axiom ( 公理 ) that clothes make the man and the woman. When in doubt, always err on the side of dressing slightly more conservatively than the situation demands.
31
What is the passage mainly about?
A.What is the difference between professional and casual dress?
B.A president of a company should dress differently from a secretary or sales assistant.
C.How to dress properly in a business setting?
D.Improper dress will make a person feel uncomfortable.
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】文章首先談到了著裝在生意場合的重要性，然后分三段介紹了在生意場合著裝應(yīng)遵循的原則。所以如何才能做到著裝得體是本文的中心思想。
32 Which of the following statements is true?
A.Every company has strict rules regarding office dress.
B.You can wear whatever you like if your company doesn't have high standards for dressing.
C.You should dress according to the business setting even there are no fixed rules,
D.In companies with relaxed rules on office dress, you can hardly spot a manager among other employees.
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段第三句：即使公司沒有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定，你也要注意衣著應(yīng)與生意場合相當(dāng)。
33 What does "dress-down" (Line 1, Para. 3) probably mean?
A.casual clothes
B.business casual clothes
C.business professional clothes
D.eccentric clothes
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】從第三段第二句可以看出，“dress-down”是與“dress-professional”相對的概念，所以應(yīng)該指生意場合的便裝。選項A中“casual clothes”是指“日常生活中的便裝”，與“business casual clothes”“生意場合的便裝”不同。
34 Which statement best describes "dress-down days" ?
A.On dress-down days, you can wear whatever you like.
B.People's clothes on dress-down days don't receive much attention.
C.We can't judge a person's taste by his clothes on dress-down days.
D.People are usually more careful about what they wear on dress-down days than on other occasions.
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】從第三段第二句可知，人們對便裝日的著裝比穿職業(yè)裝的時候更在意。
35 Which of the following is not the rule offered in the passage with regard to business dress? 查看材料
A.Remember to ask others for advice when you are not sure about what to dress.
B.Think about how other guests will wear if you are invited to a dinner.
C.For a business meeting and a concert, you should dress differently.
D.Dress a bit conservatively if you are not sure about proper dress for a certain occasion.
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】利用排除法。選項B是最后一段第三句的內(nèi)容;選項C的內(nèi)容在最后一段第一句;選項D與文章最后一句同義。
根據(jù)以下材料回答題：
The Function of Adverts
Most people would protably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career or sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.
An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product-access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meager in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read them literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn't materialize.
The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individual's pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a "future endlessly deferred" .
The Estivalia advert company is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way which insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to reality-Estivalia, which is "for daydream believers", those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.
If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes inadequate to merely condemn advertising for channeling readers' attention and desires towards unrealistic, paradisiacal ( 天堂似得 ) nowhere land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the Utopia ( 烏托邦 ) visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a causal connection.
36
The people in adverts are in most cases__________
A.glamorous
B.arrogant
C.obvious
D.sexy
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】設(shè)題點在文章第一段第二句話，請參看難句分析翻譯部分。選項A項glamorous“富有魅力的，迷人的”;B項arrogant“傲慢的，自大的”;D項sexy“性感的”。
37 When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn't materialize the average consumer is not surprised, because__________
A.the consumer is used to the fact that the individual's pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain
B.adverts are factual statements about reality
C.the consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by adverts
D.adverts can make the consumer's dream come true
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】本題設(shè)在第三段第一句話，for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：for this is what he is used to in life：the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain.在生活中他對此早已習(xí)慣了，他對幸福和成功的追求通常都是以失敗而結(jié)束。
38 Why does the consumer accept the daydream in adverts?
A.Because the consumer enjoys a "future endlessly deferred" .
B.Because the consumer enjoys up trying to make his dream come true.
C.Because the Utopia is visualized in adverts.
D.Because his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement.
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句話：But the fantasy is his to keep：in his dream world he enjoys a“future endlessly deferred.”他需要保留一些幻想;在他的夢想世界里，他可以沉浸在沒有盡頭的未來里面。
39 What's the bridge linking daydream to reality in adverts?
A.The product.
B.Estivalia.
C.Pictures.
D.Happy and glamorous people.
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】設(shè)題點在文章第四段。根據(jù)推理，廣告產(chǎn)品應(yīng)是連接白日夢和現(xiàn)實的橋梁。
40 What is this passage mainly concerned with?
A.Many adverts can be read literally.
B.Everyone has a daydream.
C.Many adverts function on the level of the daydream.
D.Many adverts are deceitful because they can not make their promises.
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】文章的第一句話就開門見山地說出了本文的中心思想：很多廣告的功能都在于引起消費者的白日夢。
根據(jù)以下材料回答題：
Age Discrimination
By the year 2000 nearly half the workforce in Europe are over 40 and yet throughout Europe there is a deep ambivalence ( 猶豫 )-if not outright suspicion-towards the capabilities of older workers.
Those over the age of 40 generally take longer to find new employment, but European governments have done little to protect their employment rights. Only Germany, with incentives to business to encourage the employment of older people, and France, with the introduction of legislation making it illegal to use age barriers in recruitment-or to make employees redundant because of their age done anything substantive to combat age discrimination.
Yet even in these two countries, there has been no noticeable improvement in the lot of the older workers; indeed, in France, job advertisements flout ( 輕視，反對 ) the law openly by asking for applicants of a certain age. So, should France and Germany be tightening up their laws and should the rest of Europe follow suit?
Bill Robbins, a careers consultant said, "Legislation against age discrimination has been in existence for well over ten year in the U.S. and Canada, but has had no effect. Employers will always be able to find some reasons for turning down an older applicant without appearing to break the law."
Ironically, it was governments which played a leading role in hardening business culture against older workers in the first place. In the late 1970s, many European countries were extremely concerned about the levels of youth unemployment, and France, Germany and Belgium even initiated incentive schemes for businesses to encourage older employees to take early retirement provided that younger trainees were taken on in their place. As more and more employees took early retirement, often willingly, a new, youth-oriented culture permeated business throughout most of Europe-even in those countries that had taken no active measures to promote it.
Demographic ( 人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)的 ) trends mean that governments are now anxious to slow down the policy of early retirement as they realize that they simply do not have the funds to meet their pension promises. But reversing business attitudes is no easy matter. Dianah Worman a policy adviser said, "There is a widely held belief that older people are less, adaptable and trainable. This is just not true: research has shown that differences in capability are as wide within age groups as they are between them."
41
Which of the following words can best describe the European attitude to older workers?
A.Dislike.
B.Disapproval.
C.Distrust.
D.Disappointment.
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】從文章第一段可以看出歐洲人對年齡較大的工作者存在著不信任的態(tài)度，suspicion(懷疑)即是distrust(不信任)。
第41題 筆記記錄我的筆記(0) | 精選筆記(0)
42 France, U.S. and Canada have all taken which of the following steps to discourage age discrimination?
A.Encourage businesses to employ older people by offering rewards.
B.Make age discrimination in respect of employment illegal.
C.Enforce age discrimination laws strictly.
D.Refuse to employ younger workers.
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】文章第二段說法國的做法是通過立法，第四段說美國和加拿大反對年齡歧視的立法已經(jīng)有十幾年了，因此可見就業(yè)方面年齡歧視非法化是這三個國家的共同做法。
43 This passage is aimed to__________
A.create more job opportunities for older workers
B.tell older workers how to solve their problems
C.call for European governments' concern about older workers' problem
D.reveal the importance of legislation against age discrimination
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】文章第一段和第二段第一句話都明確指出年齡大的人在求職時面臨的問題，但歐洲各國并沒有努力去保障他們的就業(yè)權(quán)利，由此可見文章是在呼吁各國政府關(guān)注這一問題。
44 What did governments do to discourage the employment of older workers in the 1970s?
A.Offer early retirement to all employees.
B.Set specific age limits for employment.
C.Only employ younger trainees.
D.Offer incentives to businesses to take on younger employees.
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】文章第五段第二句話說：20世紀(jì)70年代末，很多歐洲國家特別關(guān)心年輕人就業(yè)問題，法國，德國和比利時甚至著手鼓勵老員工過提早退休的計劃，這樣就可以雇傭年輕人工作。由此可知，政府鼓勵企業(yè)雇傭年輕的員工，所以選D。
45 Which of the following statements is NOT the cause, for older workers' problem in employment?
A.Older people's inability to adapt to new methods.
B.Lack of protection offered by European governments.
C.Advertisements specifying a desired age for applicants.
D.Popular beliefs and attitudes favoring younger workers.
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)文章最后兩句說：認(rèn)為年齡大的人適應(yīng)性差、不好培訓(xùn)的普遍看法是不正確的，研究已經(jīng)表明同年齡組的人的能力差異和不同年齡組之間的人的差異是一樣大的，即能力是不該按年齡來劃分的。因此選項A提到的并不是事實。B在第二段首句提到;C在文章第三段第一句提到;D在第四段和第五段提到。
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
回答題：
What's Lacking in "Sicko" ?
When it comes to economic decisions, there are always trade offs ( 取舍 ). Gain one thing and you lose something else. 46
The central argument of Michael Moore's movie "Sicko" -that the cure to the nation health care problems is a single-payer system-is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration, whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single-payer plans of other countries-Britain, France, Canada and Cuba Mr. Moore left out the trade-offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. 47 Kurt Loder, the film critic who is best known as the anchor ( 主持人 ) of "MTV News" , wrote a critique (批評 ) of the film for MTV's website. " Sicko," he said, "does a real service" in portraying ( 描繪 ) victims of American insurance companies'-like the people, who died because their only treatment options were considered "experimental" and therefore not covered. 48
When "governments attempt to regulate the balance between a limited supply of health care and an unlimited demand for it, they're inevitably forced to ration treatment" . Mr. Loder asserted. 49 Mr. Loder cited the short film "Dead Meat" , which presents anecdotes ( 軼事 ) of failure. In the Canadian single-payer system in its one-sidedness, "Dead Meat" , might have made for a nice double feature with "Sicko", and left movie-goers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system ,50
This all makes an otherwise "emotionally compelling film not necessarily an intellectually satisfying one, "wrote Darren Barefoot, a Canadian blogger. ( 博客作者 ).
A.This is particularly true in health care, a market in which scarce (稀罕的 ) goods are ridiculously expensive, but needed by everybody.
B.Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries, like France's high taxes and Britain's cash-short hospitals.
C.But the film as a whole, he concluded, is "breathtakingly meretricious ( 似是而非的 ), " in large part because of its characterizations of other countries 'health care systems.
D.The problems have been noticed-and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore's detractors ( 詆毀者).
E.He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore.
F.Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.
46 第46題應(yīng)選_____
A.This is particularly true in health care, a market in which scarce (稀罕的 ) goods are ridiculously expensive, but needed by everybody.
B.Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries, like France's high taxes and Britain's cash-short hospitals.
C.But the film as a whole, he concluded, is "breathtakingly meretricious ( 似是而非的 ), " in large part because of its characterizations of other countries 'health care systems.
D.The problems have been noticed-and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore's detractors ( 詆毀者).
E.He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore.
F.Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.
第46題應(yīng)選_____
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】本文第一段先講在制定經(jīng)濟政策時總要面對利益取舍，第二段中講到美國的health care(醫(yī)療護理)，故第一段末應(yīng)該有一句引出“health care”的話題，在給出的選項中，選項A講在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域也存在著利益取舍的問題，所以選A。
47 第47題應(yīng)選_____
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】第二段前半部分主要講Moore電影的中心觀點，然后作者指出Moore認(rèn)識上的誤區(qū)。第三段引用了評論家Kurt Loder對該電影的批評意見。第二段與第三段之間應(yīng)該有個銜接，在給出的選項中，只有選項D“問題已經(jīng)被注意到了，而且不只是摩爾的死對頭在提出批評”使此處銜接順暢。
48 第48題應(yīng)選_____
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】第三段開頭是Kurt Loder對電影的正面評價。C選項以But引出轉(zhuǎn)折，說的是該電影的缺點，指出Moore在描述其他國家醫(yī)療制度時過于片面，這也是Loder的主要觀點。從后文看，這種轉(zhuǎn)折符合邏輯，故選C。
49 第49題應(yīng)選_____
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】所填空格后文說Loder引用電影Dead Meat為例，說明了加拿大在醫(yī)療方面單方支付系統(tǒng)的弊端。E選項講Loder對Moore所說的其他國家是“醫(yī)療天堂”提出了反駁，在此處承上啟下。故選E。
50 第50題應(yīng)選_____
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】所填空格前文都是對Moore的批評意見，B選項是進一步的補充理由，說Moore還忽了諸如法國、英國等國面臨的問題，與前文銜接順暢。故選B。
下面的短文有l(wèi)5處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定l個最佳選項。
回答題:
Exercise Being Good or Bad
Can exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 51 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 52 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and
investigation of such 53 is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true 54 of sudden deaths in sports. But the climate of medical opinion is shifting in 55 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 56 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by
lowering the 57 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work 58 the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people, 59 .particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before 60 vigorous exercise?
Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 61 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America 62 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is
unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 63 , and ECGs ( 心電圖 ) are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 64 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 65 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.
51 第51題應(yīng)選：
A.Then
B.Though
C.Since
D.Even
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：__________是受過訓(xùn)練的馬拉松長跑運動員也不能避免致命的心臟病突發(fā)。四個選項：then“然后”;though“雖然”;since“自從，既然”;even“甚至，即使”。
52 第52題應(yīng)選：
A.why
B.how
C.if
D.what
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：沒人知道這些驟然死亡與鍛煉之間的聯(lián)系有__________普通。四個選項：why“為什么”;how“怎樣，如何，多么”;if“如果”;what“什么”。
53 第53題應(yīng)選：
A.runners
B.exercises
C.patients
D.cases
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：這類__________的報道和調(diào)查非常不完整。四個選項：runners“跑步者”;exercises“鍛煉，練習(xí)”;patients“病人”;cases“案例”。
54 第54題應(yīng)選：
A.initiation
B.evidence
C.incidence
D.indication
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：只有國家的調(diào)查能夠確定運動中驟然死亡的真實__________。四個選項：initiation“創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起”;evidence“跡象，根據(jù)”;incidence“發(fā)生率，發(fā)生”;indication“表明，象征，跡象”。
55 第55題應(yīng)選：
A.favor
B.positive
C.inclination
D.indication
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：__________鍛煉的意見正在轉(zhuǎn)變。四個選項：favor“有利于”，短語in favor of“贊同，有利于”;positive“積極的”;inclination“愛好，意向，傾向”;indication“表明，跡象，象征”。
56 第56題應(yīng)選：
A.good
B.well
C.much
D.far
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：與缺乏體育鍛煉的人恢復(fù)的一樣__________。四個選項：good“好的”;well“好，滿意地，充分地”;much“非常，差不多，幾乎”;far“遙遠地，很，非常”。
57 第57題應(yīng)選：
A.weight
B.amount
C.degree
D.quality
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：減少心臟對氧需求的__________。weight“負擔(dān)，重累”;amount“數(shù)量，總額”;degree“程度，學(xué)位”;quality“質(zhì)量”。
58 第58題應(yīng)選：
A.however
B.because
C.but
D.so
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：__________病人能夠做得更多。四個選項：however“不管怎樣，無論如何”;because“因為”;but“但是”;so“因而，所以”。
59 第59題應(yīng)選：
A.at
B.to
C.for
D.in
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：__________是中年人。四個選項中，只有in可與particular構(gòu)成固定短語in particular“特別”。
60 第60題應(yīng)選：
A.taking up
B.trying on
C.getting over
D.doing with
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：在__________進行“劇烈”的鍛煉之前。taking up“開始從事，專注于”;try on“試穿，�；ㄕ�”;get over“使度過，穿過”;do with“處理，對待”。
61 第61題應(yīng)選：
A.beyond
B.by
C.with
D.of
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：在__________未確診的冠狀心臟病的人中。四個選項：beyond“超出，遲于”;by“靠近，不遲于”;with“有，以，用”;of“的”。
62 第62題應(yīng)選：
A.anyone
B.none
C.some
D.nobody
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】四個選項：__________在35歲以上的人。四個選項：anyone“任何一個”;none“沒有人，一個也沒有”;some“一些，若干”;nobody“沒有人，無人”。
63 第63題應(yīng)選：
A.of course
B.at all
C.after all
D.by far
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：__________沒有很多人死于鍛煉。四個選項：of course“當(dāng)然”;at all“根本”;after all“畢竟”;by far“尤其，到目前為止”。
64 第64題應(yīng)選：
A.readily
B.suddenly
C.already
D.ready
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：__________顯示出患有冠狀心臟病的危險。四個選項：readily“樂意地，欣然地”;suddenly“突然地”;already“已經(jīng)”;ready“準(zhǔn)備就緒，樂意的”。
65 第65題應(yīng)選：
A.having
B.had
C.having been
D.have
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)空格后時態(tài)可知，此處缺少一個一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的謂語動詞，根據(jù)語法和句意，D項符合句意。
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