2017年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)大全
一、名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)和謂語(yǔ)之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問(wèn)題：
1.謂語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致，即：主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)了不起的發(fā)明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2.集體名詞(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，
① 如果表示整體概念，則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
�、� 如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí)，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有張中國(guó)地圖)
3.Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，表示許多時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)
4.maths,news等雖然有s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting.(這個(gè)消息令人興奮)
5.glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜，我想買)
6.a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時(shí)間花在了那個(gè)工作上)(被動(dòng)句)
7.and 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)原則上用復(fù)數(shù)，但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)則用單數(shù)。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋(píng)果)/ Fish and chips is very famous food.(魚(yú)和薯?xiàng)l是一種出名的食品)
8. there be 句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)
9.用both…and…連接兩個(gè)事物做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來(lái))
10.主語(yǔ)中含有with的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.(一名婦女帶著一個(gè)七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊)
11.either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)采用就近原則。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你對(duì)，要么是他對(duì)。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的')/ Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12.表示一段時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。如：Two months is not a short time.(兩個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離)(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段距離)
13.主語(yǔ)中含有half of…/(three quarters)of…/ all(of) the …。等詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定，如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的)/ A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時(shí))正在湖邊玩耍)/ All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動(dòng)句)
但是，population一詞又有特殊情況： What’s the population of China?(中國(guó)人口是多少?)(句子用單數(shù))/ Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人)(這個(gè)城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))
二、部分名詞用法辨析：
1.sport、game、match、race 的區(qū)別：sport通常指“戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)”，以鍛煉為主，概念較大;game意思是“運(yùn)動(dòng)、比賽”，不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力，指以勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動(dòng);match意為“競(jìng)賽、比賽”，多指正式比賽;race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng))/ The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在北京舉行)(被動(dòng)句)/ Our school football team won the league match(聯(lián)賽)(我們學(xué)校足球隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)賽冠軍)/ They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒，贏得了劃艇比賽)
2.festival、holiday、vacation的區(qū)別：festival“節(jié)日”,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的文娛活動(dòng);holiday(假日、休息日)，指法定假日或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，復(fù)數(shù)可以表示一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的假期;vacation“假期”，指學(xué)習(xí)或工作中一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海電視節(jié)將在下個(gè)月舉行)/ Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是個(gè)假日，多數(shù)人不工作)/ What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?)
3.journey、tour、trip、travel的區(qū)別：journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進(jìn)行的長(zhǎng)途旅行，不知終點(diǎn)，含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行，強(qiáng)調(diào)游覽多處，常用來(lái)指觀光等;trip通常指往返定時(shí)的短途旅行，如出差度假等;travel多指長(zhǎng)期或長(zhǎng)途的觀光旅行，尤其指到國(guó)外，沒(méi)有明確目的地，也作不可數(shù)名詞，指旅行這一行為。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了)/ He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次)/ Did you go to Santiago(圣地亞哥) during your travels?(旅行期間你去圣地亞哥了嗎?)/ Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險(xiǎn)的)
4.sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別：sound指各種聲音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠)/ All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來(lái)幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫)/ The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因?yàn)楦忻暗木壒�，這個(gè)歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音)
5.fish的問(wèn)題：指許多條魚(yú)且不管種類時(shí)，用fish，單復(fù)數(shù)相同;fishes 指許多種類的魚(yú);fish指“魚(yú)肉”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool.(池子里有很多種類的魚(yú))/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚(yú))
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