衛(wèi)生職稱英語考試技巧：假設(shè)句型

時間：2021-02-11 12:03:30 職稱英語我要投稿

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　　假設(shè)句就是假定一種情況，陳述在這種假定情況下所產(chǎn)生的后果或提出問題。假設(shè)句的假定情況一般由“假設(shè)、假如、假定、如果、比如、比方說”等詞語引出。

衛(wèi)生職稱英語考試技巧：假設(shè)句型

　　Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause

　　Suppose/Supposing (that) ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰Suppose/Supposing (that)+子句，S+V ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“如果…，假使…”。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引導(dǎo)假設(shè)條件句，其功能相當(dāng)于 if。

　　Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do?

　　如果我們誤了火車，我們將怎么辦?

　　What if/Say ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰What if/Say+子句，S+V ...

　　說明︰此句型意為“假設(shè)…”。What if 和 Say 用來引導(dǎo)一個假設(shè)條件句，其義相當(dāng)于 Let us suppose(讓我們假設(shè))。

　　What if/Say he goes home before us and can’t get in? What will he do then?

　　假設(shè)他在我們之前趕到家而又進(jìn)不去呢?那他怎么辦呢?

　　What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do?

　　假設(shè)你的錢用完了呢?你將怎么辦呢?

　　With luck ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰With luck，+主要子句

　　說明︰With luck 為含蓄假設(shè)條件句(即不用 if 直接引導(dǎo))。with luck 意為“如果幸運(yùn)的話，如果運(yùn)氣好的話”。

　　With luck, we’ll be there by tomorrow.幸運(yùn)的話，我們明天將到達(dá)那兒。(=If we are lucky)

　　With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸運(yùn)的話，她將得到那份工作。(=If she is lucky)

　　If I had V-ed, I would ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰If…had+過去分詞…，主詞+would/should 等+原形動詞+now/today

　　說明︰這是不一致時的假設(shè)，亦稱混合假設(shè)條件句。即：if 若與過去事實相反，用表示;而若與現(xiàn)在事實相反，則用過去式表示。此類句尾通常有表現(xiàn)在的，如 now，today 等。

　　If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.

　　如果他年輕時多努力一點，現(xiàn)在就能過得舒服些。

　　If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today.

　　如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。

　　Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他當(dāng)時肯說實話，現(xiàn)在就不會受罪了。

　　Had he followed the doctor’s advice, he might be alive now.

　　當(dāng)時他要是聽了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在可能還活著。

　　If only + V-ed

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰If only+過去式/過去完成式

　　說明︰此句型意為“要是…就好了。”用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反;若用，則表示與過去事實相反。

　　If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。

　　If only he had been here. 要是他當(dāng)時在這兒就好了。

　　If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機(jī)會就好了。

　　... as if/as though ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰…as if/as though…現(xiàn)在式/過去式/過去完成式

　　說明︰此句型意為“彷佛…;好像…一樣”。as if，as though 是，引導(dǎo)。中，可用現(xiàn)在式，以表示事實;也可用過去式或，分別表示與現(xiàn)在或過去事實相反的。

　　He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the meeting.他那樣說話，似乎不想?yún)⒓訒h。

　　He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路來好像他真的醉了。

　　He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷佛幾乎要殺掉他們。

　　The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個嬰兒打開書本彷佛他會念書。

　　The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.

　　這護(hù)士照顧這位病人彷佛在照顧她爸爸似的。

　　He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible.

　　他跑進(jìn)屋子，彷佛他看到什么可怕的東西。

　　She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當(dāng)時看起來好像什么事都沒發(fā)生似的'。

　　If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰If+現(xiàn)在式…，S+未來式…

　　說明︰

　　if 子句用現(xiàn)在式，表示須具備的條件，主句用未來式表示可能的結(jié)果，整句含意為“如果…，那么…”。will 用于所有的人稱，在 I 和 we 之后可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主詞為 I 或 we 時，可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary(如果需要)，if possible(如果可能)，if so(如果這樣)等固定詞組實際上是省略了的 if 子句。

　　If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失業(yè)了，我就出國。

　　If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。

　　If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨，我們將待在家里。

　　If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk. 如果天晴，我們就去散步。

　　If the weather doesn’t clear, we won’t go for a walk. 如果天不晴，我們就不去散步。

　　Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.

　　通貨膨脹率可能上升。如果是這樣，物價就會上漲。

　　If possible, She wants to go with us. 可能的話，她想跟我們一起去。

　　Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise.

　　英國貨幣可能貶值，如果果真如此，利率就會上升。

　　If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰If + 現(xiàn)在式，主詞+情態(tài)助動詞

　　說明︰本句型實為句型之變體。之所以用情態(tài)助動詞，主要是因為說話者對可能的結(jié)果不是太肯定或者是想表達(dá)例如必要的意思。

　　If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可以出門。

　　If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門能夠出門。

　　If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可能出門。

　　If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可能出門。

　　If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門宜于出門。

　　If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門宜于出門。

　　If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門必須出門。

　　If I should ..., Imperative Sentence.

　　If I had V-ed, I would have ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰If…had+過去分詞…，主詞+would/should 等+have+過去分詞

　　說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。if 要用，則要用過去式(would，should，ought to，might，could)+have+過去。if 中的 had可置于前面，而省略 If。

　　If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當(dāng)時看見他，我會告訴他實情。

　　I could have finished the task if I had had more time.

　　如果當(dāng)時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務(wù)。

　　If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport.

　　如果我們事先知道你要離開，我們會到機(jī)場送行。

　　I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned.

　　如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會溺死。

　　I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses.

　　若非我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。

　　Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him.

　　她(那時)不會原諒他，若非他道了歉。

　　Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。

　　Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?

　　我要是當(dāng)年向你求婚，你會答應(yīng)嫁給我嗎?

　　Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction.

　　假如沒有你的幫助，這筆生意早就告吹了。

　　It seems/looks as if ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰It seems/looks as if…

　　說明︰此句型意為“似乎…”。本句型中的 as if 可用以表示事實，或。

　　It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。

　　It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個萬事通。

　　It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be.

　　他似乎是個萬事通。其實他是再愚蠢不過了。

　　It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.

　　她看起來彷佛剛從外層空間回來似的。

　　It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已經(jīng)完成了這個工作。

　　It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永遠(yuǎn)完成不了這個工作。

　　I demand/insist that ...

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞1+意志動詞(demand/insist 等)+(that)+主詞2+(should)+原形動詞

　　說明︰意志有四類：建議(suggest，recommend，propose，advise，urge 等)，要求(desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等)，命令(order，command 等)，規(guī)定( rule，regulate，stipulate 等)。其后接 that-時，該里的要用原形或“should+”。美式英語通常省略 should。

　　The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. 委員提議休會。

　　His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十點以前回家。

　　The employees demand that their salaries be raised. 員工們要求加薪。

　　They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他們規(guī)定不應(yīng)加重法律。

　　His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English.

　　他的父親規(guī)定他要用英文寫日記。

　　My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education.

　　我媽媽鼓勵我，而且堅持我應(yīng)該繼續(xù)我的教育。

　　He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 他堅持我應(yīng)該向她道歉。

　　Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive.

　　最近，許多州堅持中學(xué)應(yīng)該教學(xué)生如何開車。

　　His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸堅持他們應(yīng)該搬到鄉(xiāng)下。