資訊：英國大學正在喪失其社會責任
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‘What is truth?” said jesting Pilate – in Bacon’s famous phrase. What is public and what is private? This is a question that people in higher education could well ask themselves in 2015.
“真相是什么”Pilate打趣地說道——這是培根著名的句子。什么事公共的什么事私人的?這是高等教育的人們在2015年會問起的一個問題。
They should ask not so much because of the scattering of private – some for-profit, some charitable – institutions that has been allowed into the (English) system either through the front door by being given degree-awarding powers or university titles or via the back door by being able to tap into student loans.
他們不應該問這么多，因為私立的院校，不論是盈利為目的還是慈善的.，已經(jīng)進入了英國的體系，有些是光明正大地因為學校的學術能力或者學校名聲，有些是靠走后門收取學生費用。
Most are small niche players. Their students are counted in the hundreds, not the thousands. They are no threat – yet – to the established universities. Maybe they never will be.
很多私立學校是小學校。學生只有幾百人不到上千人。他們對已經(jīng)成立的院校沒有任何威脅。也許永遠都不會。
The question needs to be asked because the mainstream, still-just-about public, system is becoming increasingly “private”. Universities now conceive of themselves as corporate organisations driven by business plans.
這個問題值得一問是因為主流的公立教育變得越來越私有化了。學校門把自己看做是以商業(yè)目的為驅(qū)使的公司企業(yè)。
We need to knock three myths on the head. The first is that the public-private distinction has something to do with legal status. All public universities, in effect, have been legally established as independent corporations.
我們立馬會想到三件事。第一件是公立和私立在法律地位上有差異。事實上所有公立大學都是像獨立企業(yè)一樣建立的。
The precise terms in which this independence is expressed differ – royal charters, statute-led instruments and articles of government, companies limited by guarantee. But the effects are the same – and not as different as we imagine from the governance of so-called private institutions.
在這里獨立表示的精確意思是有區(qū)別的——皇家特許狀，法令規(guī)定的法律文件，政府文件，有擔保人的公司。但是其作用是一致的——并不是跟我們所想的私立學校的管理一樣。
The only substantial difference is that all public institutions are regarded as charities – and regulated accordingly. Only some of the new private institutions fall into the same category.
唯一一個主要的區(qū)別在于所有的公立學校都被認為是慈善的并且根據(jù)相應法規(guī)約束的。只有少數(shù)的私立院校在這一類別里面。
The second myth is that the distinction has something to do with receiving public money. Some private colleges that have attracted the beady attention of Margaret Hodge’s public accounts committee get more public money in proportion to their turnovers than the London School of Economics, one of our world-class universities.
第二件事就是收取公眾費用的差別。一些私立學校吸引了Margaret Hodge的公有賬戶投入更多的財政，比例甚至超過了世界一流的倫敦經(jīng)濟學院。
The third myth is that private institutions are freer from state interference. They may not have to conform to the control exercised by the Higher Education Funding Council for England through its financial memorandum or may be more sheltered from the requirements imposed by freedom of information legislation. But private institutions owe their licence to operate to the state, by being given degree-awarding powers or university titles (which can be revoked). Private colleges are also far more likely to be exposed to censure by the Quality Assurance Agency. The more public money they receive, the more they will be bound by regulation.
第三件事就是私立院校不受國家干涉更自由。他們可以不必遵循高等教育基金委員會通過其財政備忘錄對英國執(zhí)行的管理控制，或者也可以躲避信息自由法所強加的要求。但是私立學校有自己運營的證件，有學位授予的能力還有學校名稱的影響力。私立學校不太可能受到質(zhì)量保障事務所的審查。他們收的錢越多，受法律的限制就越大。
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