水手面試船東英語(yǔ)問(wèn)題

　　水手面試船東英語(yǔ)問(wèn)題有哪些呢，想面試船東的朋友們要提前了解一下哦！下面是關(guān)于水手面試船東英語(yǔ)問(wèn)題，僅供參考！

　　Could you introduce yourself?

　　您做一下自我介紹好嗎？

　　My name is x.x.x. I am x.x years old. I hold a xxx certificate. I have experienced of xx. Xxx. Xxx. I can use a computer system for management(maintenance). I suppose that my English is good enough for work. I am married(single). There are 3 people in my family, my daughter and my son.

　　我的名字叫XXX。我XX歲了。我有XXX證書(shū)。我經(jīng)歷過(guò)XX，XXX，XXXX。我可以使用電腦做維護(hù)保養(yǎng)工作。我想我的英語(yǔ)水平足以完成工作。我結(jié)婚了（單身）。我家有三口人，我女兒，兒子。

　　2．Where did you graduate from?

　　您是那里畢業(yè)的？

　　I graduated from XXX university(college, school).

　　我畢業(yè)于某大學(xué)（某學(xué)院，某學(xué)校）

　　3．How long have you worked on board?

　　您在船上做多久了？

　　I have worked on board ten years.

　　我在船上工作十年了。

　　4．Which company have you served (worked for)?

　　您在那個(gè)公司做過(guò)？

　　I have served xxx.xxxx.

　　我在某某公司做過(guò)。

　　5．What certificate (license) do you hold now?

　　您現(xiàn)在持有什么證書(shū)？

　　I have xxx certificate, or I hold xxx certificate, or I am the holder of xxx certificate. 我持有某某證書(shū)。

　　6．How long do you have the certificate of C/E(2/E,3/E….)?

　　您持有輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)證書(shū)多久了？

　　I hold the xx certificate(xx years) in xxxx.

　　我持有輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)證書(shū)有某某年了，或在某某年我持有輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)證書(shū)。

　　7. What kinds of ship have you worked on?

　　您都做過(guò)那些類(lèi)型的船？

　　I have worked on many ships, like xxx ships, xxx ship and so on.

　　我在許多船上工作過(guò)，像某某船，某某船，等等。

　　8．Which classification society is your ship registered with?

　　您的船是在那個(gè)船級(jí)社注冊(cè)的？

　　DNV, OR NK, BV, LR, CCS…..

　　9. Where was your last vessel’s trading area? Which ports have you called?

　　你上一條船的航行區(qū)域？都到過(guò)那個(gè)港口？

　　Ocean-going, world widely, globally,fixed route.

　　遠(yuǎn)洋， 全世界，全球，固定航線(xiàn)。

　　10．Have you served UMS?(UMS=Unmanned Machinery Space)

　　您做過(guò)無(wú)人機(jī)艙船嗎？

　　Yes, I have served UMS, or No, I am sorry, I have not.

　　時(shí)的，我作過(guò)無(wú)人機(jī)艙�；虿唬�抱歉，我沒(méi)作過(guò)。

　　11．(How long) have you served as C/E, 2/E……?

　　您輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)有多長(zhǎng)了？

　　Yes, I have served as C/E several years(times)

　　是的，我做輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)有若干年了（若干次了）

　　12．What kinds of main engine and generator engine have you worked on?

　　您都做過(guò)那種類(lèi)型的主機(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)？

　　Oh, several models, for instance, main engine: SUZER RND68, 6700KW; B&W5L45GA 3200KW; MAN KZ70/1200 5300KW; B&W6L68GFCA 7570KW. Generator engine; YANMAR 6ML-HTS270KW……..

　　13. Could you tell the power of (M/E) generator/engine which you have ever worked on?

　　您能告訴我所做過(guò)的主機(jī)（發(fā)電柴油機(jī)）的功率嗎？

　　Ok, 6UEC52LS6500KW; (YANMAR 6ML-HTS270KW), on board ship M/V xxx.

　　14. What type of engine did you have on your last ship?

　　您上一次做的船是什么型號(hào)的柴油機(jī)？

　　The vessel I worked on last time is a bulk carrier with SUZER RND68 engine.

　　我上一次做的船是。。。。。。。。。。。

　　15．Have you worked any ship that caused damage in critical equipments?

　　您做過(guò)的船發(fā)生過(guò)重大機(jī)損嗎？

　　No, I served my job cautiously, and my colleagues were also diligent. We kept the vessel in safe operation. If I were employed by your company. I were also serve my duty with diligence.

　　沒(méi)有，我工作是非常謹(jǐn)慎的，并且我的同事也是非常勤勉的。我們保持船舶安全操作。如果你們公司雇傭我，我同樣會(huì)勤奮地工作的。

　　16．Did you have a planned maintenance system(PMS) for your last ship?

　　您上次做的船有計(jì)劃維護(hù)體系嗎？

　　Yes, I observed instructions from the shipowner and the system was controlled and managed by computers.

　　是的，我遵守船東的指示并且系統(tǒng)是由電腦控制和管理的。

　　17．The ISM Code required preventive maintenance schedules. How do you make your maintenance schedules?

　　安全管理規(guī)則要求做到預(yù)防性維護(hù)。你如何作出預(yù)防性維護(hù)計(jì)劃？

　　According to the ISM Code, the preventive maintenance plan is made based on the ship’s “Planned Maintenance System” and the machinery running hours records. This plan should be made on an annual basis(or a five-year basis). Usually, the monthly maintenance schedules are made based on the annual preventive maintenance plan and the basic occasional maintenance work.

　　根據(jù)ISM規(guī)則，預(yù)防維護(hù)計(jì)劃是基于船舶的“PMS”和機(jī)械運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間記錄來(lái)制定的。這個(gè)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該是在年度或五年基礎(chǔ)上來(lái)制定的。通常月度維護(hù)計(jì)劃是基于年度預(yù)防維護(hù)計(jì)劃和非經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的工作來(lái)制定的。

　　18．What is the purpose of the ISM Code? What is DPA in ISM Code?

　　ISM 規(guī)則的目的是什么？ISM規(guī)則中DPA是什么意思？

　　The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ship’s of ships and for pollution prevention.

　　DPA stands for Designated person(s) Ashore. His responsibility includes monitoring safety, pollution prevention aspects on behalf of the shipowner.

　　ISM 規(guī)則的目的是提供針對(duì)船舶安全管理和操作以及防污染的一個(gè)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　DPA的意思是；岸上的指定人員。他的職責(zé)是代表船東負(fù)責(zé)防污染，安全操作方面的事務(wù)。

　　19．What does DOC imply?

　　DOC 表示什么？

　　DOC stands for “Document of Compliance”. The marine shipping company should establish and maintain procedures to control all documents and data which are relevant to the SMS. Each ship should carry on board all documentation relevant to that ship.

　　DOC 表示符合文件。船舶公司應(yīng)該建立和維護(hù)程序去控制所有與SMS有關(guān)的文件和數(shù)據(jù)。每條船都應(yīng)該攜帶與本船相關(guān)的所有文件。

　　20．What is SMC?

　　SMC 表示什么？

　　SMC means Safety management Certificate. It should be issued to a ship by the administration or an authorized organization.

　　SMC是指安全管理證書(shū).他是由船旗國(guó)指定的機(jī)構(gòu)和組織對(duì)船舶簽署的證書(shū)。

　　21．What is the purpose of ISM Audit? What is the Critical Equipment and System?

　　ISM審核的目的是什么？系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備指什么？

　　Audit is the systematic and independent verification to determine whether ISM activities and results conform to planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are effectively preformed to achieve the objectives of the company and relevant maritime laws.

　　These are those where sudden loss of functional capability or where failure to respond when activated manually or automatically may create high-risk situations or major accidents. For example, main engine, steering gear and so on.

　　審核是系統(tǒng)地并且不受約束地去檢驗(yàn)是否ISM活動(dòng)和結(jié)果符合計(jì)劃的安排，是否這些安排是預(yù)先有效地達(dá)到公司和海事法規(guī)的目標(biāo)。

　　指的是突然失去性能或者當(dāng)手動(dòng)或自動(dòng)地作用時(shí)會(huì)造成高的危險(xiǎn)情形或大的事故。例如，主機(jī)，舵機(jī)等等。

　　22．What are the critical Operations and conditions?

　　什么是關(guān)鍵操作和臨界狀態(tài)？

　　Critical Operations and Conditions are those which have a significant risk of causing major injuries or illness to people, or damage to ship, cargo, other property and/or the environment.

　　關(guān)鍵操作和臨界狀態(tài)是指能夠引起對(duì)人員所造成重大傷害，造成船舶損壞，貨物或其它的財(cái)產(chǎn)和環(huán)境的損壞的重大危險(xiǎn)的操作。

　　23. What does Non-Conformity mean? What is Major Non-Conformity?

　　什么叫不符合？什么是重大不符合？

　　Non-Conformity means an observed situation where the objective evidence indicates the Non-Fulfillment of a specified requirement. Major Non-Conformity is an identifiable deviation which poses a serious threat to personnel or ship safety or serious risk to environment. Which requires immediate correction the action. Lack of effective and systematic implementation of the ISM Code is also a Major Non-Conformity.

　　不符合指的是觀測(cè)到的情形而有客觀的證據(jù)顯示此情形沒(méi)有執(zhí)行規(guī)定的要求。

　　重大不符合是指一個(gè)確定的違背，其對(duì)人員或船舶的安全／環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的威脅。此種違背要求立即去改正。對(duì)ISM規(guī)則缺乏有效的和系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行同樣也是一個(gè)重大不符合。

　　24．What is a near accident? Please give an example to show your understanding. 什么叫險(xiǎn)情？請(qǐng)舉例說(shuō)明。

　　The near accident is a kind of potential danger. If it is worse, it will become an accident. For example, two ships are in close quarters situation. 險(xiǎn)情是一種潛在的危險(xiǎn)。如果惡化的話(huà)，他會(huì)變成一個(gè)事故。例如，兩條船非�？拷�地航行。

　　25．What should be paid attention to in the overhaul of cylinder?

　　在氣缸大修過(guò)程中應(yīng)該注意什么？

　　Every operation must be complied with the preparation measures regulated in the safety meeting or in the SMS. All safety measures must be observed, such as persons should not stand under the engine room crane. The operator, who operated the E/R crane, must operate carefully and smoothly.

　　每一個(gè)操作者都要遵守安全會(huì)議或SMS所要求的預(yù)防措施。切實(shí)遵守各項(xiàng)安全措施，像人員不能站立在機(jī)艙的天車(chē)下。操作天車(chē)的人員必須小心，平穩(wěn)的操作。

　　26．Before entering an enclosed space such as ballast tank, what action will you take? 在進(jìn)入封閉空間前，（如壓載水艙）應(yīng)作什么準(zhǔn)備工作？

　　Prepare tools. Check all items in the checklist, such as test of content of oxygen, test of explosion point, exploded-proof lamp, good ventilation. Communication means should be available between operators inside and watchman outside and so on. Operators should wear protective clothing a breathing apparatus, a helmet, working boots, lifeline. Also a mark plate “Dangerous Operation in Progress” should be established at the entrance.

　　準(zhǔn)備工具。核對(duì)檢查單并檢查所有項(xiàng)目，如測(cè)量氧氣含量，檢驗(yàn)爆炸點(diǎn)，防爆燈和通風(fēng)。進(jìn)入里面的人和外面值守的人要建立可靠的通訊。操作者應(yīng)該穿防護(hù)衣和攜帶呼吸器，戴安全帽，穿工作鞋，攜帶安全繩。同樣在進(jìn)入口要放一個(gè)告示牌：“在進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)操作”。

　　27．Please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of

　　the workers in an enclosed space.

　　請(qǐng)說(shuō)出進(jìn)入封閉艙室需要的安全氧氣含量

　　More than 18% and no more than 23% of oxygen in an enclosed space will be ok for the safety of the workers.

　　大于18％，小于23％ 的氧氣含量是安全的。

　　28．Have you ever seen SOPEP? What is SOPEP?(Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan)

　　您知道SOPEP嗎？什么是SOPEP？（船舶油污應(yīng)急計(jì)劃）

　　Yes, of course. SOPEP stands for Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.是的，當(dāng)然。SOPEP代表船舶油污應(yīng)急計(jì)劃。T

　　29．What information you could receive form SOPEP

　　從SOPEP中你能得到什么信息？

　　The SOPEP should contain (but not limited to )the following content;

　　Procedures to be followed by the Master or other crew in case of oil

　　pollution.

　　Pollution reporting system and the authority or persons to be

　　contacted in the event of pollution including the telephone numbers

　　etc.

　　Detailed description of actions to be taken immediately by persons

　　on board to reduce or control the discharge of oil after the incident.

　　List of oil spill response equipment to be maintained and prepared on

　　board.(Removers, sprayer, oil absorbent, saw dust, sand, waste rags, scoop.

　　Shovels, buckets, bamboo brooms, portable pump, protective

　　clothing, portable containers.). The essence of the Plan is to avoid any

　　possible oil leakage and oil pollution.

　　Simply speaking, SOPEP should include such things as emergency

　　contacts (telephone and other communication means, address etc), the

　　equipment used in detailing with oil pollution, the muster list for oil

　　pollution, the report procedure when the accident happens etc.

　　SOPEP is compulsory on board most of the ships according to the ISM

　　code.

　　IOPP is the certificate for the vessel that is qualified for the requirements issued by the class on oil pollution prevention.

　　SOPEP應(yīng)該包括但不限于以下內(nèi)容；

　　一旦發(fā)生油污染船長(zhǎng)和其它船員要遵守的程序。

　　在溢油事件過(guò)程中，污染報(bào)告系統(tǒng)和要聯(lián)系的機(jī)構(gòu)或人員包括電話(huà)等等。

　　污染事件發(fā)生后，船上人員要立即采取行動(dòng)去減少或控制油排放的詳細(xì)描述。

　　船上要備有要求的防污染設(shè)備隨時(shí)可用（去油劑，噴霧劑，吸油劑，鋸末，沙，破布，鍬，鏟子，桶，竹掃把，移動(dòng)泵，防護(hù)衣，可移動(dòng)容器）計(jì)劃的本質(zhì)就是去避免任何可能的漏油和溢油。

　　簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，SOPEP應(yīng)該包括像應(yīng)急聯(lián)系（電話(huà)和其它的通訊方法，地址等等），處理溢油所用的設(shè)備，溢油應(yīng)變部署表，發(fā)生事故時(shí)的報(bào)告程序。

　　根據(jù)ISM規(guī)則，SOPEP在大多數(shù)船上是強(qiáng)制要求的。當(dāng)船舶符合防污染要求時(shí)，船舶會(huì)得到船級(jí)社簽發(fā)的IOPP證書(shū)。

　　30．Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?

　　您能列出有關(guān)海運(yùn)的國(guó)際公約嗎？

　　There are many conventions. For example: SOLARS, STCW95,

　　MARPOL73/78…..有許多公約。像。。。。。

　　31．If you found an oil spill in the sea, how would you react?

　　如果您在海上發(fā)現(xiàn)跑油，將如何作出反應(yīng)？

　　Immediately report to the nearest competent port authority and take

　　positive action to control the pollution and make an entry in the

　　logbook.

　　立即報(bào)告最近的港口當(dāng)局然后采取正確的行動(dòng)去控制污染并將整個(gè)過(guò)

　　程記入LOGBOOK。

　　32．What is PSC inspection? Have you had inspection on board the ship? If you

　　have, what deficiency has been checked out?

　　什么是PSC檢查？您在船上經(jīng)歷過(guò)嗎？如曾經(jīng)歷過(guò)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么缺陷？

　　PSC inspection stands for Port State Control Inspection. I have the experience of PSC. But no deficiency has been found.

　　PSC檢查表示港口國(guó)檢查。我經(jīng)歷過(guò)PSC檢查但沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)出缺陷。

　　33．Do you keep record while crew works?

　　您對(duì)船員的工作做記錄嗎？

　　Yes, of course. According to SMS, every event should be recorded as evidence. The general rule is no record, no behaviors.

　　是的，當(dāng)然。根據(jù)SMS，沒(méi)一個(gè)事件都應(yīng)該做記錄以作為證據(jù)。

　　34．What is the main duty of the C/E?(2/E, 3/E, 4/E, E/E)

　　輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)的主要工作是什么？

　　The Chief Engineer is ultimately responsible for the safe and efficient running of all mechanical and electric machinery shipboard equipment. He is responsible for….

　　The Second Engineer is responsible for watching at periods of 0400-0800 hours and 1600-2000hrs. He is responsible to the Chief Engineer for the operation and maintenance of all machinery and associated equipment. He is responsible for…..

　　輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)主要負(fù)責(zé)船上所有機(jī)電設(shè)備的安全和有效的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。他負(fù)責(zé)。。。

　　2／E在航行中負(fù)責(zé)值4－8和16－20班。在輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下2／E負(fù)責(zé)操作及維護(hù)所有的機(jī)械設(shè)備和相關(guān)的設(shè)備。他還負(fù)責(zé)。。。

　　35．How often should you test lifeboat engine? Who takes charge of the operation? Who takes of maintenance and repair work?

　　您多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間試驗(yàn)一次救生艇機(jī)？誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)操縱艇機(jī)？誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)維護(hù)和修理艇機(jī)？

　　One week interval. SMS requires that every crew on board is capable of operating it. The fourth Engineer must take charge of maintenance and repair work.

　　36. Who take charge of repairing deck equipment if the deck equipment is out of order? 甲板機(jī)械失靈時(shí)由誰(shuí)來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)修理？

　　The Fourth Engineer takes charge of that work and co-operate by electric engineer.

　　三管輪負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作，電機(jī)員也協(xié)助配合。

　　37．What should be paid attention to when bunkering fuel oil?

　　在加油時(shí)應(yīng)注意什么？

　　Firstly, we must pay much attention not to spill the oil; secondly, the quantity to the oil must correspond to the contract; thirdly the quality must comply with the required one; fourthly, we must take samples during bunkering.

　　首先，我們要嚴(yán)防跑油；第二，加油的數(shù)量要與合同相符；第三，質(zhì)量要符合要求；最后，加油過(guò)程中我們要連續(xù)地取油樣。

　　38．How do you pump out bilge water in the engine room?

　　您如何將機(jī)倉(cāng)的污水泵出弦外？

　　Pump bilge water into bilge tank. Then pump bilge water into oily water separator. Ask the Captain or deck officers on duty to pump out at appropriate water. The proportion should not be beyond 15 PPM. The operation should be recorded in “ Oil water record book”.

　　先將污水泵入污水柜。再泵入油水分離器。與值班駕駛員聯(lián)系確認(rèn)在規(guī)定的水域排放并不超過(guò)15PPM。操作要記入油水記錄本。

　　39．When will an engineer in charge of watch call the Chief Engineer?

　　值班輪機(jī)員應(yīng)在何時(shí)叫輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)？

　　When engine damage or malfunction occurs which may be such as to endanger the safe operation of the ship; when any malfunction occurs which it is believed, may cause damage or break down of propulsion machinery, auxiliary machinery or monitoring and governing systems; and in any emergency or if in any doubt as to what decision or measure to be taken.

　　當(dāng)出現(xiàn)危及船舶安全航行的情況，如機(jī)器損壞或出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)；當(dāng)你相信出現(xiàn)的故障會(huì)引起動(dòng)力機(jī)械損壞時(shí)，輔助機(jī)械或檢測(cè)裝置和控制系統(tǒng)；在任何緊急情況下當(dāng)你拿不準(zhǔn)該做什么決定時(shí)。

　　40．What should be prepared before disassembly of cylinder for main engine/auxiliary engine?

　　在拆卸主機(jī)和副機(jī)氣缸之前應(yīng)作什么準(zhǔn)備工作？

　　I shall familiarize myself with the operational manual, such as know with certainly the disassembly procedures, cut off oil and water, the operational procedure, test by oil and water after assembly; get knowledge of assembly crevice and limited crevice; count on necessary spares; check all necessary tools before working; be clear of duties for personal engagement in disassembly of cylinder; safety measures and safety working training are also vital.

　　我首先要熟悉操作手冊(cè)，當(dāng)然要了解拆裝步驟；諸如切斷油和水，還有操作程序，組裝后油和水的試驗(yàn)；了解裝配間隙和極限間隙；必要備件的準(zhǔn)備；拆裝前要檢查所有必須的工具；對(duì)拆卸氣缸的相關(guān)人員職責(zé)要明確；安全措施和安全工作訓(xùn)練也同樣是重要的。

　　41．How do you manage sewage?如何管理生活污水？

　　Drop in sterilized medicine regularly. Keep the blower in constant working. Check the quality of the sample of the constant to compare with the standards.

　　定期投藥。保持鼓風(fēng)機(jī)連續(xù)工作。檢查取樣的質(zhì)量并與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相比較。

　　42．Have you ever performed the auxiliary engine to combust heavy oil? What should be borne in mind when transferring oil from heavy oil to light oil? 您做過(guò)燒重油的副機(jī)嗎？在重油換輕油過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意什么？

　　I have worked on the auxiliary engine which combusts a combination of A and C oil. When transferring oil from heavy oil to light oil, the changing of temperature should not be rapid. 1*C to 2*C per minute is best. Meanwhile the viscosity change should be constantly observed. The temperature of the oil temperature to be heated varies in quality of the fuel oil. In general, 180cst needs to be heated to 95-105*C; 380cst needs to be heated to 130-135*C. the viscosity is under the control of approximately 2 anglers.

　　我做過(guò)燒A類(lèi)和C類(lèi)油的副機(jī)。在重油換輕油過(guò)程中，溫度的變化不要太快。最好每分鐘1到2度。同時(shí)應(yīng)該持續(xù)地觀測(cè)粘度的變化因?yàn)椴煌�品質(zhì)的燃油所須加熱的溫度是不同的。通常，180粘度等級(jí)燃油要加熱到95－105度；380粘度等級(jí)的燃油須加熱到130－135度。

　　43．Could you tell the main reason for seeing the black smoke exhausted from the diesel engine?請(qǐng)您說(shuō)出柴油機(jī)冒黑煙的原因？

　　The possible reasons are as follows; discharge valve damage or over load operation of diesel engine, or leakage of nozzle, or the incomplete combustion in the cylinder because not enough fresh air was pumped.

　　可能的原因如下；排氣閥損壞或柴油機(jī)超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，或油嘴漏泄，或由于進(jìn)氣量不足導(dǎo)致燃燒不完全，等等。

　　44．Could you tell the main reason for scavenge fire?

　　請(qǐng)您說(shuō)出柴油機(jī)掃氣箱著火的原因？

　　Ignition of carbon/oil deposits by;

　　A. Prolonged blow-by.

　　B. Slow combustion in cylinder, owing to incorrect atomization, or misaligned fuel jets.

　　C. Blow-back through the scavenge air ports, owing to an incorrectly adjusted exhaust cam disc or large resistance in the exhaust system(back pressure not exceed 300 mm wc)

　　D. The cylinder liner wear out of order or piston ring broken.

　　由于如下的原因，油／碳燃燒物沉積而導(dǎo)致掃氣箱著火；

　　A. 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的活塞環(huán)漏氣。

　　B. 由于不正常的霧化，或燃油噴射的不對(duì)中而引起燃燒的緩慢。

　　C. 由于排汽凸輪盤(pán)不正確的定時(shí)或排汽系統(tǒng)背壓過(guò)大（背壓不能超過(guò)300毫米水柱）而導(dǎo)致燃?xì)馔ㄟ^(guò)掃氣口倒流。

　　D. 氣缸套磨損超標(biāo)或活塞環(huán)斷裂。

　　45．Could you tell the main reason for crankcase explosion?

　　請(qǐng)您說(shuō)出柴油機(jī)曲拐箱爆炸的原因？

　　Oil mist and hot spot; abnormal friction between sliding surfaces causing a hot spot. Hot spot can cause the oil falling on them to evaporate. When oil vapour condenses again, countless minute particle are formed, which are suspended in the air. A milky white mist develops, which is able to feed and propagate a flame if ignition occurs. The ignition can be caused by the same hot spot which caused the oil mist to form. The ignition will cause a tremendous rise of pressure in the crankcase, which will open the crankcase relief v/v momentarily. A very severe explosion can damage the crankcase door and cause fire in the engine room. Similar explosions can occur in the chain casing & scavenge air box.

　　油霧和熱源；滑動(dòng)表面之間不正常的摩擦引起的熱點(diǎn)。熱點(diǎn)能導(dǎo)致油飄落在他們上面而蒸發(fā)。當(dāng)油氣再次冷凝時(shí)，會(huì)形成無(wú)以計(jì)數(shù)的懸浮在空氣中的顆粒。乳白色的油霧不斷形成和繁殖一旦遇到熱點(diǎn)會(huì)形成火焰。造成油霧形成的熱點(diǎn)可以引起燃燒。燃燒會(huì)引起曲拐箱內(nèi)壓力急劇升高并即可爆開(kāi)曲拐箱安全閥。非常劇烈的爆炸會(huì)損壞曲拐箱道門(mén)并引起機(jī)倉(cāng)著火。類(lèi)似的爆炸也會(huì)發(fā)生在鏈條箱內(nèi)及掃氣箱內(nèi)。

　　46．What does the turbine super-charger surge?

　　增壓器喘振的原因是什么？

　　There are basically five main reasons.

　　High backpressure of the exhaust manifold and low flowing quantity; rapid change in load; insufficient supply of fuel oil or bad combustibility; failure of turbine blade, nozzle and diffuser; narrowed scavenging of air passage or scavenge fire;

　　主要有五個(gè)原因。

　　排汽總管高背壓和低流量；負(fù)荷快速的變化；不充足的燃油供應(yīng)或燃燒不良；透平葉片／噴嘴環(huán)和擴(kuò)散器故障；掃氣通道變窄或掃氣箱著火。

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