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比較級和最高級的用法
比較級是由形容詞原級轉(zhuǎn)化而來，一般是在原級后面加er，也有一些不規(guī)則的轉(zhuǎn)化，最高級是由形容詞或副詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，形容詞的最高級前面要加定冠詞the，副詞最高級前面的the可以省略。下面為大家?guī)肀容^級和最高級的用法，快來看看吧。
概念
1、比較級用于兩個人或物之間的比較，表示“較……”或“更……”，標志詞“than”，通常用于兩者之間的比較。
2、最高級用于三者或三者以上的人或物之間的比較。
一、規(guī)則變化
1、一般直接在詞尾加er;est.
tall---taller---the tallest
great---greater---the greatest
2、以字母e結(jié)尾的直接加r;st
nice---nicer---the nicest
fine---finer---the finest
3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞變y為i再加er;est
busy---busier---the busiest
heavy---heavier---the heaviest
4、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，若詞尾只有一個輔音字母時，須雙寫這個輔音字母再加er;est
big-bigger-the biggest
hot -hotter-the hottest
5、少數(shù)以-y，-er，-ow， -ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，末尾加-er，和-est(以-y結(jié)尾的詞，如-y前是輔音字母，則變y為i，再加-er和-est;以-e結(jié)尾的詞仍只加-r和-st)
happy—happier—happiest
clever—cleverer—cleverest
5、多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more;most
easily--more easily--most easily
beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful
特殊點：
�。ǎ保┯行﹩我艄�(jié)詞的比較等級常用more和most，如glad，fond，shy，sly(但like只可用more和most)。
eg.I am not more glad than you.
我可沒像你那樣高興。
Uncle Jack was more like a book of reference to my father.
杰克大叔對我父親來說真是一部參考書。
�。ǎ玻┯行﹩我艄�(jié)詞用-er和-est或more和most皆可，如free，clear等。
eg.Im clearer/more clear about it than before.
對這事，我比以前更清楚了。
�。ǎ常┯行╇p音節(jié)詞用-er和-est或more和most皆可，在當代英語中似有多用more和most的趨勢，如：secure，cruel，pretty，lively等。
eg.She looks prettier/more pretty with long hair than with short hair.
她留長發(fā)比留短發(fā)漂亮。
The patient seems a little livelier/more lively this morning.
這位病人今天早上精神似乎好些了。
�。ǎ矗┓衷~形容詞的比較等級一律用more和most。
eg.I felt more tired this morning.
今天上午我感覺比較疲倦。
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更激動人心。
The report is most alarming.
這個報告最為擾亂人心。
�。ǎ担┬稳菰~前可加less和least，表示“較不”和“最不”。
eg.Short sight is less common among the young students in this country.
近視在這個國家的青少年學(xué)生中較為少見。
The flaw in this stamp makes it less valuable.
這張郵票因為有點瑕疵，不那么值錢。
Shes no less active than she used to be.
她和以往一樣活躍。
He has less strength than I have.
他的力氣比我小。
It is less cold than it was yesterday.
天氣沒有昨天那樣冷。
二、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則
1.一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級在后面加-er，最高級在后面加-est;
(1)單音節(jié)詞
如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)雙音節(jié)詞
如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較在原級后加-r，最高級在原級后加-st;
如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即：輔音+元音+輔音)中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er，最高級加-est;
如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 把y改為i，比較級加-er，最高級加-est;
如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級在前面加more，最高級在前面加most;
如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意：(1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。
例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2) 形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6.有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。
如：good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
三、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法
1.“A + be +形容詞比較級 + than + B” 意思為“A比B更……”。
如：This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。
注意：
�、� 在含有連詞than的比較級中，前后的比較對象必須是同一范疇，即同類事物之間的比較。
�、谠诒容^級前面使用much，表示程度程度“強得多”。
如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
�、� very， quite一般只能修飾原級，不能修飾比較級。
2.“比較級 + and + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越……”
如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?/p>
The wind became more and more heavily.
風(fēng)變得越來越大。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我們的學(xué)校變得越來越美麗。
3.在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級形式。
如：Who is taller，Tim or Tom? 誰更高，Tim還是Tom?
4. “the +比較級……， the+比較級”，表示“越……越……”。
The more money you make， the more you spend.
錢你賺得越多，花得越多。
The sooner，the better.
越快越好。
5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法：
�、�. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.
這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高)
�、�. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍)
�、�. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大兩倍。
6.形容詞、副詞的最高級形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較，表示“最……”的意思。
句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如：of the three， in our class等等。
如：He is the tallest in our class.
他在我們班里是最高的。
7."否定詞語+比較級"，"否定詞語+ so… as"結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
8. 比較級與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修飾比較級和最高級的詞
1)可修飾比較級的詞
�、�.a bit， a little， rather， much， far， by far， many， a lot， lots， a great deal， any， still， even等。
②. 還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。
�、�. 以上詞(除by far)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。
注意： 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。
(錯) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(對) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2)下列詞可修飾最高級：by far， far， much， mostly， almost。
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a. very可修飾最高級，但位置與much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。
Africa is the second largest continent.
8.要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。
(錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(對) He is more clever than his brother.
(對) He is cleverer than his brother.
9.要避免將主語含在比較對象中。
(錯) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(對) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
10.要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
11.要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有名詞。
比較：Which is larger， Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country， Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
四、典型例題
1) ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，Im fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better.
2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much
D. more much
答案：C. much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。
3)If there were no examinations， we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案：D。
比較級和最高級的用法
1.兩者相比(甲=乙)，用“as+原級+as”表示
Tom is as tall as Mike.
2.兩者相比(甲〈 乙)，用“not as(so) +原級+as”或“l(fā)ess than”表示
I didn’t do my homework so(as) carefully as you.
The picture is less attractive than that one.
3.兩者相比(甲〉乙)，用“比較級+than”表示
Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.
注意：1) 為了避免重復(fù)，在從句中常用one， that， those等詞來代替前面提過的名詞。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.
2)比較等級應(yīng)注意避免和包括自己的對象比。
比較級+than+
any other + 單數(shù)名詞
all the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
anyone else
any of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
3)如果形容詞作定語修飾一個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，一般將不定冠詞a/an放在形容詞之后。
Our neighbour has _____ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. house the same big as
4)比較級前一般不用冠詞，但若表示“兩者中較……時”。比較級前要加定冠詞。若比較級后有名詞，常在比較級前加不定冠詞，表示泛指。
E.g. 他是兩者中較高的一個
He is the taller of the two.
她唱得真動聽!我可從未聽過比這更好的嗓音了。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
4. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高級時，用“the +最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示，這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
That was the least exciting football game I’ve ever watched.
This hotel is the most comfortable I’ve ever stayed.
注意：當最高級的前面無限定詞the或有不定冠詞a/an時，僅表示“很……，非常……”
Monday is my busiest day.
星期一是我很忙的一天。
Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.
青島是一個非常美麗的海濱城市。
比較級的一些其他用法
1、倍數(shù)表示方法
a) 倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+ as
b) 倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than
c) 倍數(shù)+ the + n. + of
This rope is three times longer than that one.(這條繩子比那條長三倍。)
This rope is three times as long as that one.(這條繩子是那條繩子的三倍。)
This rope is three times the length of that one.(這條繩子比那條繩子長三倍。)
2、用形容詞比較級的否定形式，從反面來表示最高級，通常譯為“沒有比……更……”
No other book has a greater effect on my life.
沒有哪一本書比這本書對我的影響更大的了。
This book has the greatest effect on my life.
考例： —Go for a picnic this weekend， OK?
--_____. I love getting close to nature.
A.I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not.
C.I believe not D.I don’t think so.
3、more and more 越來越… …
Our city is getting bigger and bigger.
Our city is getting more and more beautiful.
4、the more … the more … 越… …就越… …
The more you study， the more you know.
The busier the old man is， the happier he feels.
The more intelligent students are， the more quickly they understand ideas.
5、可用下列詞來修飾形容詞的比較級
much a lot slightly a little almost far a bit still
1.原級用法
① 表示被比較雙方在某一方面相等或相同時， 用as + adj / adv + as結(jié)構(gòu)， 表示“…和…一樣” 。如：
a. Xiao Li is as tall as his sister.
b. It is as cold today as it was yesterday.
c. There are as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
② 表示被比較雙方在某一方面不相等或不同時， 用not as / so + adj / adv + as， 表示“…和…不一樣”
a. Xiao Li is not as / so tall as his brother.
b. It is not so / as cold today as yesterday.
c. There are not so / as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
2.比較級的用法
�、� 對方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級 + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
�、� 表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess + 原級 + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
�、� 表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修飾。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英語的比較級前如無even、still或yet等時，譯成漢語時可用“較”或“…一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday.
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
�、� 表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時，用“the + 比較級（主語 + 謂語），the + 比較級（主語 + 謂語）”的結(jié)構(gòu)（意為“越……越……”）。如：
The harder he works， the happier he feels.
�、� 不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時，用“比較級 + and + 比較級”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
�、� 某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于……）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
�、� 在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
�、� 倍數(shù)表達法。
�。ˋ）A is three(four， etc.)times the size(height， length etc.)of B.
如：The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
�。˙）A is three(four， etc.)times as big(high， long， etc.)as B.
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
�。–）A is three (four， etc.)times bigger(higher， longer， etc.)than B.
如：Your school is three times bigger than ours.
用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.
3.最高級的用法
�、偃呋蛉咭陨舷啾龋硎咀罡叱潭葧r，用“the + 最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
�、谧罡呒壙杀恍驍�(shù)詞以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等詞語所修飾。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat cost?
�、郾硎尽白罡叱潭取钡男稳菰~，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。
�、苄稳菰~最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時，被修飾的詞往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
比較級和最高級的試題
一. 寫出下列形容詞的比較級和最高級
old_________ ________9. busy________ _________
hot_________ ________10. slow_________ ________
thin _________ ________11. clean_________________
big _________ ________12. cold_________ ________
good_________ ________13. many_________ ________
bad_________ ________14. much_________________
little________ _______ 15.interesting_________ ________
wide_________ ________16.expensive _________________
二.用所給單詞適當形式填空
1.You look much______than before. (thin)
2.The cartoon is____________than the book. (interesting)
3.Summer is ________season around the year. ( hot)
4.Lily is______________ than Lucy. ( beautiful )
5.The pizza is_______________ than the cake. ( delicious )
6.The monkey’s tailis ___________ than the rabbit’s tail. ( long )
7.My room is_________ of the three. (clean)
8.Our classroom is____________ than yours. ( big )
9.The orange is____________ than the apple. ( small )
10.My book is _____________ than yours. (new )
三．單項選擇
1.Bob is ___________ than Tom.
A.tallB.muchtallerC. highD. much more taller
2.Which is ___________ a hen or a ducking?
A .heavyB. heavierC .heavyerD .heavyiest
3.He is much ________ than Lily.
A. goodB. betterC .bestD. gooder
4.My uncle drives _____ than my mother.
A .much betterB. more betterC. bestD. much more better
5.This apple is big, that one is _______.
A. even biggerB. more biggerC. much more bigD. much big
6. Our classroom is _______ larger than theirs.
A. moreB. quiteC. muchD. very
7. __________ foreigners come to China to learn Chinese.
A. Much and muchB. More and moreC. Many and manyD. Less and less
8. When Spring comes, it gets _________.
Awarm and warmB. colder and colder
C. warmer and warmerD. shorter and shorter.
9. This coat is too small, can you show me a ______ one?
A. bigB. biggerC. the biggerD. biggest
10. The price of the house is becoming___________.
A. more and more expensiveB. expensive and expensive
C. much and much expensiveD. more expensive and expensive
11. This orange is the __________ of all. Give it to that small child.
A. bigB. biggerC. the biggerD. the biggest
12. Who is _________ of you three?
A. the oldestB. much olderC. oldestD. older
13. Tom is one of _________ boys in our class.
A. carefulB. more carefulC. most carefulD. the most careful
14. This box is _________ that one.
A. heavy thanB. so heavy thanC. as heavier asD. as heavy as
15. This story is not so _________ as that one.
A. interestingB. interestedC. more interestingD. most interesting
16. Shanghai is bigger than _________ in China.
A. any other cityB. other citiesC. the other cityD. any city
17. Shanghai is bigger than _________ in Japan.
A. any other cityB. other citiesC. the other cityD. any city
18. ______ I look at the picture, __________ I like it.
A. The best, the moreB. The more, the lessC. More, the moreD. The more, less
19. _______ exercise you take, ________ you will be.
A. The more, healthyB. More, healthier
C. The more, the healthierD. Most, healthiest
20. The earth is _________ the moon.
A. as 49 times big asB. 49 times as bigger as
C. 49 times as big asC. as big as 49 times
答案：
一. 略
二．
1.thinner2. more interesting3. the hottest4. more beautiful
5.more delicious6. longer7. the cleanest8. bigger9. smaller10. newer
三．1-5
ABBAA 6-10 CBCBA 11-15 DADDA 16-20 ADBCC
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