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afraid的用法
害怕，畏懼(可能受傷害、受苦);擔(dān)心(會(huì)發(fā)生某事);擔(dān)心，生怕(將發(fā)生不快、不幸或危險(xiǎn)的事)。以下是小編為大家整理的afraid的用法相關(guān)內(nèi)容，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助大家！
一、afraid的用法
A. 作表語
1. 不敢[害怕](做某事)的 (unwilling to do something because you are worried about what will happen if you do it.) 相當(dāng)于frightened。
(1) afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人[物] 例如：
Are you afraid of snakes? (=Are you frightened of snakes? / Do you fear snakes? / Are you scared of snakes? / Are you fearful of snakes?)你怕蛇嗎?
I was afraid of the other boys... 我害怕其他的男孩……
(2) afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 例如：
Hes afraid of going out alone at night. 他害怕夜晚獨(dú)自出去。
(3) afraid to do sth 害怕(或不敢)做某事 例如：
Im still afraid to sleep in my own bedroom. 我怕仍然不敢再自己的臥室睡覺。
2. 擔(dān)憂或憂慮(某事物可能產(chǎn)生的后果); 恐怕 (worried or anxious about (the possible result of sth))
(1) afraid of doing sth 擔(dān)心做某事 例如：
I didnt mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him. (=I didnt mention it because I was afraid (that) I might upset him.) 我沒有提起那件事, 因?yàn)槲遗滤臒┮鈦y。
(2) afraid to do sth 擔(dān)心做某事 例如：
Don’t be afraid to ask if you don’t understand. 你要是不懂，盡管問好了。
(3) afraid that.... 恐怕…… 例如：
Hes afraid that he might lose customers. (= Hes afraid of losing customers.) 他怕失去顧客。
3. 擔(dān)心(某事物[某人]會(huì)遇到危險(xiǎn)) (frightened or worried about things that may put sth / sb in danger)
afraid for sth / sb 擔(dān)心某人[物] 例如：
They’ve been laying people off, and Charlie is afraid for his job. 他們一直在裁員，所以查理為自己的工作擔(dān)心。
4. I’m afraid... (禮貌地說出令人不快、失望或感到遺憾的事)我怕，恐怕，很遺憾，對(duì)不起 (used as a polite way of telling sb. sth. that is unpleasant or disappointing, or that you are sorry about)
(1) I’m afraid that... (通常省略that) 例如：
Im afraid we cant come. 很抱歉, 我們不能來。
“Are we late?? “Im afraid that we are.” “我們遲到了嗎?”“恐怕是遲到了�！�
注：I’m afraid也可以作插入語，放在后面。例如：
I cant help you, Im afraid. 我?guī)筒涣四愕拿? 對(duì)不起。
(2) I’m afraid so.(=yes) 恐怕是的。例如：
“Have we missed the train?” “Im afraid so. (=Im afraid we’ve missed the train.)” “我們誤了火車了嗎?”“恐怕是誤了。”
(3) I’m afraid not.(=no) 恐怕不是的。例如：
“Was she impressed with our work?” “Im afraid not. (=Im afraid she was impressed with our work)” “我們的工作能給她留下印象嗎?”“恐怕不能。”
B. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語
It made you afraid to step out of your house. 這使你不敢走出你的家院。
C. 作狀語
Afraid of being cut off, they lost no time in turning back. 為怕給敵人切斷，他們急忙撤了回來。
二、afraid的搭配
1. be [feel, look, seem, sound, become, grow] afraid。例如：
She whispered (to me) that she felt very afraid. 她小聲(對(duì)我)說她覺得很害怕。
2. make sb afraid。例如：
What has made you so deeply afraid of your boss?
3. a little(Am.E) [a bit(Am.E), a little bit(Am.E), almost, awfully, deadly(Am.E), deathly(Am.E), deeply, desperately, extremely, genuinely, half, just, mortally, much, physically, rather, really, secretly, slightly, simply, suddenly, terribly, truly, very, very much] afraid。例如：
She was tense, almost afraid to open the letter. 她很緊張，幾乎不敢打開信。
He was half afraid to look at her. 他有點(diǎn)不敢看她。
You do know, dont you? You are just afraid to tell me. 你確實(shí)知道，不是嗎? 你只是不敢告訴我。
■ 注：有的語法專著認(rèn)為very不能修飾afraid;只有 much 或very much才可修飾afraid。例如：Michael Swan著Practical English Usage (International Student’s Edition Eighth impression 2002)p28:
We often use very much instead of very before afraid, especially when I’m afraid means ‘I’m sorry to tell you’. 在afraid前面，經(jīng)常用very much，而不單用very。如果I’m afraid 用來表示I’m sorry to tell you，尤其如此。
但實(shí)際上，現(xiàn)在英美語中都能用very 修飾afraid。
(1) 在BNC(英國國家語料庫http: / / www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk)
和BUY-BNC BRTISH NATIONAL CORPUS (UK,1980s-1993) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University ) http: / / corpus.byu.edu / bnc / 上共有26 例 very afraid
(2)在BYU: THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY
(http: / / corpus.byu / oed / )上共有1例very afraid
(3) 在BUY CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2008) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University)
(4) 在TIME CORPUS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (1923-2006) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University ) (http: / / corpus.byu.edu / time)上共有12例very afraid
4. afraid for...。例如：
He is afraid for his own safety. 他擔(dān)心自己的安全。
5. afraid of。例如：
Charlie is afraid of marriage. 查理害怕結(jié)婚。
6. afraid about。例如：
He is afraid about what will happen.他擔(dān)心將來發(fā)生的事。
7. nothing to be afraid of 沒什么可害怕的。例如：
Go ahead! Theres nothing to be afraid of. 干吧!沒有什么可怕的。
8. be afraid of ones own shadow(= be very timid) 很膽小; 非常膽怯。例如：
He had noticed that the horse was afraid of his own shadow. 他已經(jīng)注意到這匹馬很膽小。
三、afraid的同義詞語辨析
1. be afraid of doing sth. 和be afraid to do sth.
(1) Michael Swan著Practical English Usage (Third Editiion)p277：To talk about fear things that happen accidentally, we prefer afraid of +-ing.(表示害怕會(huì)偶然發(fā)生什么事，一般用afraid of +-ing。)
I don’t like to drive fast because I’m afraid of crashing. 我不愛開快車，因?yàn)榕伦曹嚒?/p>
In other cases we can use afraid of +-ing or afraid +infinitive with no differenceof meaning.(其他情況下，既可以afraid of +-ing，也可以用afraid +動(dòng)詞不定式，意思并無不同。)
I’m not afraid of telling / to tell her the truth. 我不怕把真實(shí)情況告訴他。
(2) 【日】田中茂范等編《外研社英漢多功能詞典》(楊文江等編譯 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社 2008年7月第1版)p39：表示不受害怕主語意志控制的不測(cè)事態(tài)時(shí)，用of doing，其他情況用 to do和 of doing均可。但是表示“害怕某結(jié)果而不敢做……“時(shí)主要用to do。
(3) 葛傳槼編著《英語慣用法詞典》(新修訂本)(時(shí)代出版社 1958年9月初版)p29-30：
“afraid” 后面接infinitive作“怕……”或“不敢……”解;“afraid”后接“of”和 gerund通常做“恐怕將……”解，但也往往作“怕……”或“不敢……”解。如“afraid to die”是“怕死”或“不敢死”;“afraid of dying”通常是“恐怕將死”，但也往往作“怕死”或“不敢死”。
“afraid to see him”是“怕見他”或“不敢見他”; “afraid of seeing him”通常是“(不要見他而)恐怕不免見他”，但也往往作“怕見他”或“不敢見他”解。假定你很怕傷風(fēng)，該說“afraid to catch cold” 或“afraid of catching cold”;假定你衣服穿的少，恐怕要傷風(fēng)，該說“afraid of catching cold”。
(4) A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet著A PracticalEnglish Grammar (第四版) (外語教學(xué)與研究出版社 1991年2月第1版)p238：
be afraid of + gerund
Here the gerund usually expresses an aqction which the subject fears may happen. It is normally an involuntary action(這里動(dòng)名詞常常表示主語擔(dān)心發(fā)生的事情。這些常常是無意讓發(fā)生的事情)：
She avoids lonely streets. She is afraid of being mugged. 她避免在沒人的馬路行走。她怕遭搶劫。
be afraid +infinitive means that the subject is / was etc. too frightened to perform the action. This is obviously a deliberate action(被afraid+不定式表示主語非常害怕，以至不敢采取某一行動(dòng)。這些通常是有意讓發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)：
He was afraid to jump. 他不敢跳。(他沒跳。)
(5) 陸谷孫主編《英漢大詞典》(第2版) (上海譯文出版社2007年3月第1版)p33：
(afraid) 后接“of+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般只表示“怕做某事”的意思;如后動(dòng)詞接不定式則側(cè)重表示“因?yàn)閾?dān)心后果嚴(yán)重而不敢也不愿做某事”。如He is not afraid of dying.和 He is afraid to die.兩句，雖都可譯作“他不怕死�！钡罢咧皇钦f出一個(gè)事實(shí)，后者則包含諸如“他心甘情愿地去赴死”之類更近一層的意思;又如She was afraid of waking her husband. 和She was afraid to wake her husband.兩句，雖都可譯作“她生怕把丈夫弄醒了”，后一句又包含“考慮到可能招惹丈夫發(fā)怒的后果而不敢弄醒”之類的意思。
2. afraid, frightened, fear
(1) afraid是普通用語，概念廣泛。多用于習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常 的“懼怕”某些事物，或泛指一種“恐懼心理”; frightened 常指一種突然的而且通常是暫時(shí)的懼怕，也可表示持續(xù)的恐懼與擔(dān)憂;fear作動(dòng)詞，但不如前兩者常用，常暗示由于懼怕而不敢做某事，或讓恐懼影響自己的思想或行動(dòng)。例如：
I’m afraid to say what I think. 我不怕說出自己的想法。(意即：無顧慮)
At the sight of the tiger, the little girl was too frightened to escape. 看見老虎，那個(gè)小女孩兒嚇得都不敢逃走了。(突然的、暫時(shí)的懼怕)
She’s always frightened when she’s alone in the house. 她一個(gè)人在家時(shí)，總是很害怕。
Fearing he might be recognikzed, he decided to adop a diguise. 他因?yàn)榕卤蝗顺鰜�，決意化妝。(由于懼怕而不以本來面目出現(xiàn))
(2)在口語中 be afraid 和 fear 也可表示“恐怕”或“懷疑”。例如：
I’m afraid it will be too late if we hesitate any longer. 如果我們?cè)侏q豫不決，恐怕會(huì)太晚了。
I fear it’s not so. 恐怕不是這樣。
3. fearful, scared, terrified, alarmed, apprehensive, timid
這幾個(gè)形容詞都表示“害怕的”，“受驚的”“憂慮的”。
(1) fearful害怕的， 擔(dān)心的。形容可怕之事，也指人對(duì)某事的懼怕心理，多指“擔(dān)心可能發(fā)生的結(jié)果的”。 既指外界情況變化而引起的恐懼，又指來自內(nèi)心的害怕與焦慮。例如：
She was fearful of falling. 他怕摔倒。
(2) scared 受驚嚇的。多用于口語，表示受驚想逃。例如：
I got scared at the sight of the snake. 一見到那條蛇我怕極了。
(3) terrified 受驚嚇的。指感受到“很強(qiáng)烈的、突如其來的恐懼”,意味著被恐懼鎮(zhèn)住的緊張心情。例如：
The terrified children ran home. 受驚嚇的孩子跑回家去。
(4) alarmed 受驚嚇的。 指因某種可怕的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)而驚恐。例如：
People were alarmed when they heardabout the plague. 人們聽說那種瘟疫后驚恐不安。
(5) apprehensive 憂慮的，恐懼的。一般表示對(duì)未來的危險(xiǎn)、失敗或困難等憂慮和擔(dān)心，多指由環(huán)境所造成的外部危險(xiǎn)，并且是不由人的意志或性情所決定的。例如：
She was apprehensive of being arrested. 她擔(dān)心被逮捕。
(6) timid 指“缺乏勇氣和自信的”、“膽怯的”, 指“易驚怕的”和“過分謹(jǐn)慎的”。例如：
He was timid about investing money. 他不敢投資。