高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法承接副詞
這是小編為大家整理的高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法承接副詞，快來(lái)看看吧。
therefore，however，still，instead等作副詞連接上下文使用時(shí)，不妨可以稱之為承接副詞。因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谶B接上下文時(shí)，在文中起承上啟下的作用。如果說(shuō)文章的上下文猶如一個(gè)個(gè)不同的“鏈條”，而這些承接副詞恰似一個(gè)個(gè)“環(huán)節(jié)”，把這些“鏈條”連接在一起，從而使整個(gè)文章渾然成一體。
決定如何使用這些副詞，并非出于文章作者的隨意性。而是出于作者為表達(dá)其意圖的需要，或是為了表達(dá)上下文的關(guān)系是聯(lián)合的、遞進(jìn)的;或者是轉(zhuǎn)折的;或者是因果的等。因此說(shuō)決定承接副詞的使用是上下文的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境決定的。
既然語(yǔ)言環(huán)境決定了承接副詞的使用，那么承接副詞又客觀地反映了上下文。即無(wú)論是在做完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)或是閱讀理解時(shí)，在弄懂上下文大意的前提下承接副詞便成了下文大意的縮影。也就是在做完形填空時(shí)，遇到某一組選項(xiàng)為承接副詞時(shí)，必須讀懂其后的下文大意，再回頭決定承接副詞的使用。在短文改錯(cuò)中遇到承接副詞，欲知其正誤，必須先讀其下文，通過(guò)判斷上下文的關(guān)系或知其正或糾其誤。在做閱讀理解時(shí)，通過(guò)對(duì)承接副詞的理解可預(yù)知下文的大意。
在完形填空中，如果錯(cuò)選了承接副詞，就必然破壞了連接上下文的“環(huán)節(jié)”，文章的下文則成了在空中隨意飄搖的斷線“風(fēng)箏”。難怪有同學(xué)說(shuō)他的完形填空在某某處一錯(cuò)就錯(cuò)一串。這種現(xiàn)象每每出錯(cuò)在承接副詞上。 NMET2001的48題是一個(gè)很好的例證。48題前的一段文字是：Most believe the footprints are nothing more than 46 animal tracks， which had been made 47 as they melted(融化)and froze in the snow.不必看46，47題的`選項(xiàng)，考生也完全可以理解這段文字，其中心意思說(shuō)的是多數(shù)人都不相信雪人的存在。因48題的選項(xiàng)含有兩個(gè)承接副詞 Therefore，However以及In the end和After all這樣兩個(gè)可承接上下文的短語(yǔ)，其正確項(xiàng)必然受下文的制約。只有抓住下文的大意，并同上文大意進(jìn)行比較，找出二者的關(guān)系，方可選出正確的項(xiàng)目。48題后，即下文的核心句為： and was a remaining link with the prehistoric humans。通過(guò)這一句可以分析出俄國(guó)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為雪人存在。從而斷定上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，則此處用However來(lái)連接上下文。如不研讀下文，在48題處主觀臆斷地填上In the end或Therefore，那么下文的49、50、51等題會(huì)造成一連串的錯(cuò)誤。
承接副詞出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中更是屢見不鮮。但閱讀理解不同于完形填空，由于對(duì)其要完成的任務(wù)不同，所以處理的方法也不盡相同。如上文所述，在完形填空中，遇有承接副詞，多數(shù)是處在選項(xiàng)中，這時(shí)只有讀懂下文，返回來(lái)才能選出正確項(xiàng)。而閱讀理解需要的是迅速地理解下文大意。在閱讀理解中，遇有承接副詞，準(zhǔn)確地理解其意思，對(duì)于幫助理解文章的下文會(huì)大有益處。
經(jīng)常使用的承接副詞有如下幾類：
一、表轉(zhuǎn)折之類的承接副詞
however：它的意思是“然而”或“無(wú)論如何”。由它所承接的下文與上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 1.The most famous salt lake in the world is the Dead Sea，...However，it is not the saltiest lake in the world.(SB2L62)
NMET 2001的C文，2000的D文都用到
However，而且都用在一個(gè)段落的開頭，在 NMET1998的D文中一處用在段落的開頭，一處用在段中。抓住however的詞義和用法，對(duì)于考生理解本段落或下文一定會(huì)起到幫助作用。
instead：在文中不能直接譯出它的意思，它隱含的意思是“不是這樣而是那樣”，即上文往往是否定句，下文通常為肯定句。
2.The sperm whale does not feed on small fish like other whales.Instead it has teeth and feeds on squid.(SB2L62)
unfortunately(unluckily)，fortunately(luckily)：unfortunately(unluckily)意思為“不幸地”，它的上文通常是有利的條件或好的想法，下文為不利的事實(shí)。fortunately(luckily)unfortunately(unluckily)的意思和用法正好相反。
3.We also want to teach all the children to perform.Unfortunately it will cost a lot of money.(SB2L94)
4.We had to climb over some rocks and it started to rain.Fortunately，we could see where we were going.(SB2L41)
yet：表上下文有相反的對(duì)照之意。
5.More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend.Those who could were likely to name a woman.Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend，...(NMET2001E文)
anyhow：它的意思是“不管怎樣”，“無(wú)論如何”。
6.That's not true，I don't want to argue about it any more.Anyhow，I'll see your next work.(SB3L29)
二、表聯(lián)合、遞進(jìn)之類的承接副詞
besides，also，still這三個(gè)詞的意思大體相同。都有“除此之外，還有……”之意。它們連接上下文，表示上下文的關(guān)系為聯(lián)合遞進(jìn)。
1....so corals are found in water with a depth of less than 60metres.Also，the water must be very clean.(SB2L62)
2.Third，a lot of irrigated land has becometoo salty to grow plants.Also，it is well known that pests continue to eat crops，causing damage.(SB3L14)
3.It had been raining heavily for two days and the ground was very well.Besides，it was autumn and therefore the trees still had their leaves on.For these reasons，...(SB2L42)
4.“She prefers beef.Still，you'll know next time，won't you?”(SB2L47)
三、表因果之類的承接副詞
therefore，“因此”“所以”;thus，“如此”“這樣”，它們連接的上下文表因果關(guān)系。
1.The problem is that 300 people are dying each day from illness caused by smoking.Therefore，if the tobacco companies wants to remain in business，they have to encourage young people to start smoking.(SB2L6)
2.Education was intended for white settlers only，and until very recently no school lessons were held in languages rather than English.Thus Koori children who went to school could not understand the lessons.(SB3L10)
四、表否則之類的承接副詞
otherwise，else：它們都有“否則”之意。
I'd prefer them not to play too loudly at the beginning.Otherwise we won't be able to hear ourselves talk.
上句中的otherwise可用else或or else來(lái)代替。
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