大衛(wèi)蓋洛TDE演講：水下驚艷

　　導語：我們?nèi)祟愐恢倍紝λ�下世界感到好奇，下面一起看看大衛(wèi)蓋洛講述水下驚艷。

　　We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea, and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down, it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world. And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights -- a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies. Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association -- was able to come up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals, and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.

　　好了，我們即將潛入海底深處。 任何一個有過這種美妙機會的人都知道 在這兩個半小時的下降過程中， 是一個完全漆黑的世界。 我們透過窗戶會看見世界上各種最神秘的動物， 各種無法形容的動物。這些閃亮著的光， 完美地構(gòu)成了如螢火蟲般發(fā)光的世界。 研究保護協(xié)會的Edith Witter博士 發(fā)明了一種照相機， 這種照相機可以拍下這些令人難以置信的生物。 這就是你現(xiàn)在在屏幕上看到的。

　　That's all bioluminescence. So, like I said: just like fireflies. There's a flying turkey under a tree. (Laughter) I'm a geologist by training. But I love that. And you see, some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey, but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing. And a lot of what goes on inside ... there's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes. Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize, these lovely patterns. And then this last one, one of my favorites, this pinwheel design. Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.

　　他們?nèi)�部都是生物發(fā)光體。像我說的，就像螢火蟲一樣。 這是個會飛的火雞，在樹下。(笑聲) 我知道我現(xiàn)在像是個實習期的地質(zhì)學家，不過我就是喜歡。 你可以看到這些生物發(fā)出的光， 有些是為了避免被吃掉。 有些又是為引誘食物上鉤。 盡管如此，用藝術(shù)的角度來看，這些都如此神奇。 再來看看這里發(fā)生了些什么—— 這條魚有著會發(fā)光，閃爍的眼睛。 有些顏色則可以催眠。 多么有趣的圖案。這是最后一個： 也是我的最愛，像轉(zhuǎn)輪一樣的設計。 每一次潛水都充滿著驚喜。

　　That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored about 3 percent of what's out there in the ocean. Already we've found the world's highest mountains, the world's deepest valleys, underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls -- a lot of that we shared with you from the stage. And in a place where we thought no life at all, we find more life, we think, and diversity and density than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that we don't know much about this planet at all. There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.

　　這正是一個未知的世界。到今天為止，我們只探索了其中的極小部分， 大約只占了所有海洋的'3%。 到現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上最高的山峰， 最深的峽谷， 水下湖，水下瀑布， 還有我們剛才看到的。 然而，恰是我們曾經(jīng)以為根本不可能有生命的地方， 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了眾多的生物，還有它們的密度和多樣性， 都超過了熱帶雨林。這告訴我們 我們實際上對自己的星球還不甚了解。 還有剩下的97%，那里要不就是一片荒蕪，要不就是充滿驚喜。

　　But I want to jump up to shallow water now and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly. (Laughter) This is an octopus -- this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab -- and it's just fascinating howcephalopods can, with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings, look at light, look at patterns. Here's an octopus moving across the reef, finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background. Tough thing to do.

　　不過我現(xiàn)在還是想說說淺水里的世界， 來看看那些神奇的生物。 頭足類動物，有頭有角。小時候我把他們當作是槍烏賊。 這是一條章魚。 這是來自Roger Hanlon博士，海洋生物實驗室的成果。 這些頭足類動物真令人著迷， 它用它們的眼睛，它們那難以置信的眼睛來觀察周圍的環(huán)境， 看光，看圖案。 這有只章魚正在穿過礁石。 找到一個位置，停下來，卷起，然后馬上消失在背景之中。 這很難做到。

　　In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid. These are squid. Now males, when they fight, if they're really aggressive, they turn white. And these two males are fighting, they do it by bouncing their butts together, which is an interesting concept. Now, here's a male on the left and a female on the right, and the male has managed to split his coloration so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him. And the male ... (Laughter) We're going to see it again. Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration: white on the right, brown on the left. He takes a step back -- so he's keeping off the other males by splitting his body -- and comes up on the other side ... Bingo! Now I'm told that's not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know. (Laughter)

　　接下來，再來一起看一對魷魚。 這就是魷魚。當雄性魷魚搏斗時， 如果它們想要顯示出自己的侵略性，它們就變?yōu)榘咨�了�?這有兩條雄魷魚在搏斗。 它們用撞屁股的方式來搏斗， 真是挺有意思的方法。這里有一條雄性在左邊， 雌性在右邊。 看，這條雄性能有辦法利用顏色把自己分為兩半， 所以雌性只能看到它溫順，優(yōu)雅的一邊， 雄性-- (笑聲)再來看一次。 讓我們再看一次。注意它的顏色： 白色在右邊，棕色在左邊。 它后退一步，讓其它的雄性無法靠近 來到另外一邊，并且馬上轉(zhuǎn)換顏色。 瞧!以前有人告訴我 這個雄性特征不僅僅是在魷魚身上，不過我也不太確定。 (掌聲)

　　Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish. This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish. And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here. But they can do pretty amazing things, too. Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and watch his tentacles -- he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae. Disappears right into the background. Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting. Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods; they know not to hurt each other. But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin. That's an amazing thing)

　　墨魚，我很喜歡墨魚。這是一只巨型澳大利亞墨魚。 看它，看它那雙無精打采的眼睛。 不過它們能做很神奇的事。 我們馬上就能看到它退入到礁石的夾縫中去， 注意它的觸角。 它就這樣把觸角拉進來，使自己看起來像海藻一樣。 剎那就消失在背景中。 多神奇!這又是兩只雄性在搏斗。 當然，這些頭足類非常聰明， 他們知道如何不會傷害到對方。 不過看下它們能夠利用皮膚來變換圖案。怎么樣? 很神奇吧!

　　Here's an octopus. Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move because predators can see them. Here, this guy actually can make himself look like a rock, and, looking at his environment, can actually slide across the bottom, using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen. His motion blends right into the background -- the moving rock trick. So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water. Still exploring the deep, but learning lots from the shallow water. There's a good reason why: the shallow water's full of predators -- here's a barracuda -- and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod, you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.

　　這是個章魚。有時候，它們不想被別人發(fā)現(xiàn)它們在移動， 因為那些食肉動物會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們。 看，這個家伙把自己弄的像石頭一樣， 觀察著它周圍的環(huán)境， 然后滑過水底， 利用波紋和陰影來隱藏自己，從而不被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 就是這樣，無聲無息地融入環(huán)境之中。 這就是移動石頭的手法。我們從淺海中學到了很多新東西。 繼續(xù)來探索下深海領(lǐng)域， 同時從淺海中學到很多新東西。 這有個原因來解釋：在淺海里， 到處都是捕獵者。這是條梭魚。 如果你是條章魚或是頭足類動物的話， 你確實需要知道怎么利用周圍的環(huán)境來隱藏自己。

　　In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom. And you see that an octopus would stand out very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage, use your skin to change color and texture. Here's some algae in the foreground ... and an octopus. Ain't that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him so he took off in a cloud of ink, and when he lands the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen. The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get." That big brown makes his eyespot very big. So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards -- I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me. I thought it was all graphics -- so here it is in reverse. Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture. Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae. One, two, three. (Applause) And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.

　　下個畫面里，你可以看到一個美麗的珊瑚。 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，一條章魚 如果不進行偽裝，極易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 偽裝是改變你皮膚的顏色和紋理。 前面這里有些海藻， 還有一條章魚。難道不神奇么?不過現(xiàn)在，顯然Roger(攝影師)嚇到了它， 它馬上釋放煙霧彈——墨水來掩護逃脫。 當它停下來，會想，“啊，我被發(fā)現(xiàn)了， 那我最好變到最大來保護下自己。 那片棕色讓它的眼睛看起來十分大。 它在唬人。讓我們看一次倒放。 我第一次看到的時候還以為他在開玩笑呢。 我以為是電腦特效。讓我們看看倒放。 注意看它皮膚的顏色，以及皮膚的紋理。 多么神奇的動物，可以改變自己的顏色和質(zhì)地 來變得和背景一樣。看它消失在海藻中。 一，二，三。 它不見了，我也該下去了。謝謝大家!