如何更積極更快樂(lè)的工作

　　導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：我們一生有很多時(shí)間都是在工作，那么我們?cè)撊绾胃�積極更快樂(lè)的工作呢？看看下文怎么說(shuō)

　　When I was seven years old and my sister was just five years old, we were playing on top of a bunk bed. I was two years older than my sister at the time -- I mean, I'm two years older than her now -- but at the time it meant she had to do everything that I wanted to do, and I wanted to play war. So we were up on top of our bunk beds. And on one side of the bunk bed, I had put out all of my G.I. Joe soldiers and weaponry. And on the other side were all my sister's My Little Ponies ready for a cavalry charge.

　　我七歲的時(shí)候我妹妹才五歲。 我們當(dāng)時(shí)在一個(gè)雙層床的上鋪玩，那時(shí)候我比她大兩歲。當(dāng)然，我現(xiàn)在也比她大兩歲， 但是在當(dāng)時(shí)這意味著她必須全都聽(tīng)我的。我想玩戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)游戲，于是我們爬到了雙層床的上鋪，在床的一側(cè) ，我放上了我所有的玩具大兵和武器。另一邊則是我妹妹的小馬玩偶 時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)騎兵突擊。

　　There are differing accounts of what actually happened that afternoon, but since my sister is not here with us today, let me tell you the true story -- (Laughter) -- which is my sister's a little bit on the clumsy side. Somehow, without any help or push from her older brother at all, suddenly Amy disappeared off of the top of the bunk bed and landed with this crash on the floor. Now I nervously peered over the side of the bed to see what had befallen my fallen sister and saw that she had landed painfully on her hands and knees on all fours on the ground.

　　后來(lái)我們對(duì)那天下午發(fā)生的事情有不同的說(shuō)法。但是既然我妹妹今天不在場(chǎng)，我就跟你們說(shuō)說(shuō)到底發(fā)生了什么。(笑聲)事實(shí)就是我妹妹有點(diǎn)笨手笨腳的，不知道怎么回事，我這個(gè)做哥哥的既沒(méi)碰她也沒(méi)推她， 我妹妹艾米突然就從上鋪掉下去了，狠狠地摔到了地上。我萬(wàn)分緊張地從床的一側(cè)往下瞄 ，想知道發(fā)生了什么事 。然后發(fā)現(xiàn)她痛苦地趴在地上， 四腳著地。

　　I was nervous because my parents had charged me with making sure that my sister and I played as safely and as quietly as possible. And seeing as how I had accidentally broken Amy's arm just one week before ... (Laughter) ... heroically pushing her out of the way of an oncoming imaginary sniper bullet, (Laughter) for which I have yet to be thanked, I was trying as hard as I could -- she didn't even see it coming -- I was trying as hard as I could to be on my best behavior.

　　我特別緊張，因?yàn)楦改敢呀?jīng)叮囑過(guò)我 ，一定要保證妹妹和我玩耍的時(shí)候注意安全，不要太鬧騰。 這時(shí)候我突然想起來(lái)一星期之前 ，我才不小心弄破了艾米的胳膊。(笑聲) 我頗具英雄氣概地把她，從一個(gè)假想的撲面而來(lái)的狙擊手子彈中推開(kāi)。(笑聲) 到現(xiàn)在她都還沒(méi)有謝我呢，我當(dāng)時(shí)可是拼了命的 ，她甚至都沒(méi)看到那子彈迎面撲來(lái) ，我可是拼命展示了我最厲害的一面。

　　And I saw my sister's face, this wail of pain and suffering and surprise threatening to erupt from her mouth and threatening to wake my parents from the long winter's nap for which they had settled. So I did the only thing my little frantic seven year-old brain could think to do to avert this tragedy. And if you have children, you've seen this hundreds of times before. I said, "Amy, Amy, wait. Don't cry. Don't cry. Did you see how you landed? No human lands on all fours like that. Amy, I think this means you're a unicorn."

　　然后我看到我妹妹的臉，她滿(mǎn)臉痛苦、驚訝的表情 馬上就要哭出來(lái)了，極有可能吵醒 習(xí)慣在漫長(zhǎng)冬季午睡的父母 ，所以我做了一件 一個(gè)手忙腳亂的七歲小孩唯一能想到的事，來(lái)扭轉(zhuǎn)悲劇 如果你有孩子的話(huà)，你肯定見(jiàn)過(guò)好幾百次了 我說(shuō)，“艾米，艾米，好了，別哭了，別哭了 你看到你是怎么落地的么? 人類(lèi)是不會(huì)那樣四腳朝地落下去的 艾米，我覺(jué)得這意味著你就是傳說(shuō)中的獨(dú)角獸。”

　　(Laughter)

　　(笑聲)

　　Now that was cheating, because there was nothing in the world my sister would want more than not to be Amy the hurt five year-old little sister, but Amy the special unicorn. Of course, this was an option that was open to her brain at no point in the past. And you could see how my poor, manipulated sister faced conflict, as her little brain attempted to devote resources to feeling the pain and suffering and surprise she just experienced, or contemplating her new-found identity as a unicorn. And the latter won out. Instead of crying, instead of ceasing our play, instead of waking my parents, with all the negative consequences that would have ensued for me, instead a smile spread across her face and she scrambled right back up onto the bunk bed with all the grace of a baby unicorn ... (Laughter) ... with one broken leg.

　　很明顯這是騙她的，因?yàn)槲颐妹矛F(xiàn)在最不想做的就是 那個(gè)受傷的五歲小妹妹艾米， 想做的是超級(jí)獨(dú)角獸艾米 當(dāng)然，以前她是完全沒(méi)有做獨(dú)角獸這個(gè)想法的 于是就看到我那可憐的、被我控制了的妹妹如何糾結(jié) 她的小腦袋正在決定究竟是繼續(xù) 回味剛才經(jīng)歷的那些 疼痛、折磨和驚訝，還是仔細(xì)考慮她作為獨(dú)角獸的新身份， 后者勝出了 。于是她沒(méi)哭，也沒(méi)有停止游戲， 更沒(méi)有吵醒我們的父母 。這些負(fù)面的影響都沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生 ，她臉上劃過(guò)一絲微笑 ，重新爬回到雙層床的上鋪，帶著作為一只小獨(dú)角獸的榮耀 (笑聲)， 還有一條受傷的腿。

　　What we stumbled across at this tender age of just five and seven -- we had no idea at the time -- was something that was going be at the vanguard of a scientific revolution occurring two decades later in the way that we look at the human brain. What we had stumbled across is something called positive psychology, which is the reason that I'm here today and the reason that I wake up every morning.

　　我們?cè)谖鍤q或七歲， 無(wú)意間發(fā)現(xiàn)的道理其實(shí)是 ，當(dāng)然當(dāng)時(shí)我們并不知情， 后來(lái)一個(gè)科學(xué)革命的先鋒觀(guān)點(diǎn) ，發(fā)生在二十年后，主要研究人腦的問(wèn)題。 我們當(dāng)時(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)叫做積極心理學(xué)， 這也是我今天站在這里的原因， 同時(shí)也是我每天早晨醒來(lái)的原因。

　　When I first started talking about this research outside of academia, out with companies and schools, the very first thing they said to never do is to start your talk with a graph. The very first thing I want to do is start my talk with a graph. This graph looks boring, but this graph is the reason I get excited and wake up every morning. And this graph doesn't even mean anything; it's fake data. What we found is --

　　當(dāng)我剛開(kāi)始在學(xué)術(shù)圈外談?wù)撨@個(gè)研究時(shí) ，在公司以及學(xué)校 ，他們強(qiáng)調(diào)的第一件事就是 ，永遠(yuǎn)不要以圖表開(kāi)始你的談話(huà) 。我在這里想做的第一件事恰恰就是用圖表開(kāi)始我的演講 。這個(gè)圖表看起來(lái)很枯燥 ，但是它恰恰就是我每天保持興奮并醒來(lái)的原因 ，而且這個(gè)表什么也不是，它是一個(gè)假數(shù)據(jù) 。我們從這些數(shù)據(jù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)——

　　(Laughter)

　　(笑聲)

　　If I got this data back studying you here in the room, I would be thrilled, because there's very clearly a trend that's going on there, and that means that I can get published, which is all that really matters. The fact that there's one weird red dot that's up above the curve, there's one weirdo in the room -- I know who you are, I saw you earlier -- that's no problem. That's no problem, as most of you know, because I can just delete that dot. I can delete that dot because that's clearly a measurement error. And we know that's a measurement error because it's messing up my data.

　　如果我用這些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)研究在座的各位，估計(jì)我會(huì)很興奮 因?yàn)楹苊黠@這里有一個(gè)趨勢(shì) 。這意味著我可以將這個(gè)出版了， 這才是最關(guān)鍵的。 事實(shí)是這個(gè)曲線(xiàn)上方有一個(gè)奇怪的紅點(diǎn) 。就是說(shuō)在座有一個(gè)古怪的人， 我知道是哪位，剛才我看到你了 這個(gè)不是問(wèn)題。 你們都知道，這并不是問(wèn)題 因?yàn)槲彝耆�可以刪除這個(gè)點(diǎn) 。我能刪掉它是因?yàn)檫@明顯是一個(gè)測(cè)量錯(cuò)誤 ，我們都知道它是一個(gè)測(cè)量錯(cuò)誤 ，因?yàn)樗�把我的�?shù)據(jù)弄亂了。

　　So one of the very first things we teach people in economics and statistics and business and psychology courses is how, in a statistically valid way, do we eliminate the weirdos. How do we eliminate the outliers so we can find the line of best fit? Which is fantastic if I'm trying to find out how many Advil the average person should be taking -- two. But if I'm interested in potential, if I'm interested in your potential, or for happiness or productivity or energy or creativity, what we're doing is we're creating the cult of the average with science.

　　所以通常經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)、商務(wù)學(xué)以及心理學(xué)課程，都會(huì)教大家的一件事 是為保持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的有效性，我們?nèi)绾蝿h除奇怪的數(shù)據(jù) 我們?nèi)绾瓮ㄟ^(guò)刪除異常值， 來(lái)找出最合適的曲線(xiàn)呢? 令人驚訝的是，當(dāng)我試圖研究 每個(gè)人應(yīng)該服用的雅維(解熱鎮(zhèn)痛藥)數(shù)量時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是兩粒 ，但是如果我對(duì)可能性感興趣，如果我對(duì)你的潛力 或者快樂(lè)、生產(chǎn)力 或者精力、創(chuàng)造力感興趣， 我們現(xiàn)在所做的就是對(duì)科學(xué)里的平均概念的迷信。

　　If I asked a question like, "How fast can a child learn how to read in a classroom?" scientists change the answer to "How fast does the average child learn how to read in that classroom?" and then we tailor the class right towards the average. Now if you fall below the average on this curve, then psychologists get thrilled, because that means you're either depressed or you have a disorder, or hopefully both. We're hoping for both because our business model is, if you come into a therapy session with one problem, we want to make sure you leave knowing you have 10, so you keep coming back over and over again. We'll go back into your childhood if necessary, but eventually what we want to do is make you normal again. But normal is merely average.

　　如果我問(wèn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題，比如說(shuō) “一個(gè)孩子在教室里學(xué)習(xí)閱讀能有多快?” 科學(xué)家們會(huì)把問(wèn)題變成“孩子在教室學(xué)習(xí)閱讀 的平均速度是多少?” 然后我們會(huì)把教室里的孩子都設(shè)想成平均水平， 如果你低于這個(gè)平均線(xiàn)， 心理學(xué)家就會(huì)感到很驚訝 。因?yàn)檫@意味著你要么有抑郁癥，要么有身心障礙， 或者很可能二者兼具。 我們希望你二者兼具，因?yàn)槲覀兊纳虡I(yè)模式是， 如果你因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)毛病來(lái)進(jìn)行治療， 我們希望你離開(kāi)的時(shí)候知道自己其實(shí)是有10個(gè)毛病的。 這樣你就會(huì)一遍又一遍地來(lái)進(jìn)行治療， 如果必要的話(huà)我們會(huì)追溯到你的童年， 但是最后我們想做的是使你變得正常 ，但是正常這個(gè)概念只是指的平均水平。

　　And what I posit and what positive psychology posits is that if we study what is merely average, we will remain merely average. Then instead of deleting those positive outliers, what I intentionally do is come into a population like this one and say, why? Why is it that some of you are so high above the curve in terms of your intellectual ability, athletic ability, musical ability, creativity, energy levels, your resiliency in the face of challenge, your sense of humor? Whatever it is, instead of deleting you, what I want to do is study you. Because maybe we can glean information -- not just how to move people up to the average, but how we can move the entire average up in our companies and schools worldwide.

　　我以及積極心理學(xué)家們假設(shè)的是， 如果我們只研究平均水平， 我們就會(huì)一直停留在平均水平上， 因此我們不會(huì)刪除那些積極的異常值 ，我想做的是研究這些異常值的人群， 然后探究其中的原因 。為什么你們中有些人遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于這個(gè)平均曲線(xiàn)? 包括你的智商、運(yùn)動(dòng)能力、音樂(lè)才能 創(chuàng)造力、精力 面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的彈性以及幽默感? 不管是哪方面，我不會(huì)刪除你，而是去研究你 ，因?yàn)榛蛟S我們可以收集信息 ，不僅僅是把平均值下面的人提高到平均曲線(xiàn)上去， 而是如何將整個(gè)平均曲線(xiàn)提高 ，無(wú)論是在全世界范圍內(nèi)的公司還是學(xué)校都是如此。

　　The reason this graph is important to me is, when I turn on the news, it seems like the majority of the information is not positive, in fact it's negative. Most of it's about murder, corruption, diseases, natural disasters. And very quickly, my brain starts to think that's the accurate ratio of negative to positive in the world. What that's doing is creating something called the medical school syndrome -- which, if you know people who've been to medical school, during the first year of medical training, as you read through a list of all the symptoms and diseases that could happen, suddenly you realize you have all of them.

　　這個(gè)圖表對(duì)我很重要 因?yàn)槊慨?dāng)我打開(kāi)新聞?lì)l道時(shí)，似乎大部分的信息 都不是積極的，事實(shí)上是消極的 大部分都是關(guān)于謀殺、腐敗、疾病、自然災(zāi)害 我立即想到 ，這才是世界上真正的消極和積極所占的比例， 這其實(shí)造成了一種叫做， 醫(yī)學(xué)院綜合癥的東西。 如果你認(rèn)識(shí)讀過(guò)醫(yī)學(xué)院的人 ，你就會(huì)知道在醫(yī)學(xué)院一年級(jí)的時(shí)候， 當(dāng)你讀完一份關(guān)于所有可能發(fā)生的疾病和相關(guān)癥狀的列表， 你馬上就會(huì)感覺(jué)好像所有這些癥狀和疾病自己都有。

　　I have a brother in-law named Bobo -- which is a whole other story. Bobo married Amy the unicorn. Bobo called me on the phone from Yale Medical School, and Bobo said, "Shawn, I have leprosy." (Laughter) Which, even at Yale, is extraordinarily rare. But I had no idea how to console poor Bobo because he had just gotten over an entire week of menopause.

　　我有一個(gè)妹夫叫波波，這是另一件事了。 波波和我那個(gè)“獨(dú)角獸艾米”妹妹結(jié)婚了， 有一天他從耶魯醫(yī)學(xué)院 給我打來(lái)電話(huà)。 他說(shuō)，“肖恩，我得麻風(fēng)病了” (笑聲) 這個(gè)病，在耶魯都是其極罕見(jiàn)的， 但是我不知道怎么來(lái)安慰可憐的波波。 因?yàn)檫^(guò)去的整整一禮拜，他一直在克服自己的更年期問(wèn)題。

　　(Laughter)

　　(笑聲)

　　See what we're finding is it's not necessarily the reality that shapes us, but the lens through which your brain views the world that shapes your reality. And if we can change the lens, not only can we change your happiness, we can change every single educational and business outcome at the same time.

　　所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)并不一定是現(xiàn)實(shí)世界造就我們， 而是我們大腦用來(lái)看世界的那個(gè)鏡片造就了我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界。 如果我們換一副鏡片，我們不僅可以改變自己的快樂(lè)程度， 同時(shí)還能改變每一個(gè)教育或者商業(yè)結(jié)果。

　　When I applied to Harvard, I applied on a dare. I didn't expect to get in, and my family had no money for college. When I got a military scholarship two weeks later, they allowed me to go. Suddenly, something that wasn't even a possibility became a reality. When I went there, I assumed everyone else would see it as a privilege as well, that they'd be excited to be there. Even if you're in a classroom full of people smarter than you, you'd be happy just to be in that classroom, which is what I felt. But what I found there is, while some people experience that, when I graduated after my four years and then spent the next eight years living in the dorms with the students -- Harvard asked me to; I wasn't that guy. (Laughter) I was an officer of Harvard to counsel students through the difficult four years. And what I found in my research and my teaching is that these students, no matter how happy they were with their original success of getting into the school, two weeks later their brains were focused, not on the privilege of being there, nor on their philosophy or their physics. Their brain was focused on the competition, the workload, the hassles, the stresses, the complaints.

　　當(dāng)年申請(qǐng)哈佛的時(shí)候，我完全是放手一試的 我并沒(méi)有期望能被錄取，家里也沒(méi)有錢(qián)供我去讀大學(xué) 兩周后我拿到了軍事獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，哈佛錄取我了 突然，一個(gè)連“可能”都談不上的事情變成現(xiàn)實(shí)了 當(dāng)我到了哈佛，我以為其他人也都跟我一樣把來(lái)這里讀書(shū)當(dāng)做一個(gè)榮耀 。他們到這里來(lái)肯定都特別興奮， 即使你坐在一個(gè)滿(mǎn)是比你聰明的人的教室里 ，你也會(huì)很高興，只是僅僅坐在那個(gè)教室就很快樂(lè)，這是我當(dāng)時(shí)的感覺(jué) 。但是我發(fā)現(xiàn) ，同時(shí)其他人也有類(lèi)似體會(huì)。 四年之后我從哈佛畢業(yè) ，然后在學(xué)生宿舍和他們住了八年 。這可是哈佛邀請(qǐng)我去的，我可不是那種八年畢不了業(yè)的人 (笑聲) 我作為哈佛的咨詢(xún)師幫助學(xué)生們?cè)谒哪甏髮W(xué)時(shí)光進(jìn)行心理咨詢(xún) 。在我的研究和教學(xué)中， 我發(fā)現(xiàn)，無(wú)論這些學(xué)生入學(xué)之前取得的成功， 讓他們多么快樂(lè)， 兩周之后他們的注意力就不在作為一名哈佛學(xué)子的榮耀感了， 也不在哲學(xué)或者物理學(xué)上面， 他們的注意力集中在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、作業(yè)、 各種煩惱、壓力和抱怨上面。

　　When I first went in there, I walked into the freshmen dining hall, which is where my friends from Waco, Texas, which is where I grew up -- I know some of you have heard of it. When they'd come to visit me, they'd look around, they'd say, "This freshman dining hall looks like something out of Hogwart's from the movie "Harry Potter," which it does. This is Hogwart's from the movie "Harry Potter" and that's Harvard. And when they see this, they say, "Shawn, why do you waste your time studying happiness at Harvard? Seriously, what does a Harvard student possibly have to be unhappy about?"

　　當(dāng)我第一次開(kāi)始工作的時(shí)候，我走進(jìn)了新生食堂 我的來(lái)自德克薩斯州瓦克市的朋友在那里等我，我就是在瓦克市長(zhǎng)大的 我知道你們可能有人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這個(gè)地方，他們來(lái)看望我，并在食堂里四處參觀(guān)。 他們說(shuō)，“這個(gè)新生食堂看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)像 電影哈利·波特里面霍格瓦茨魔法學(xué)校的食堂。”的確那個(gè)食堂是挺像的 這邊的是電影哈利·波特里面霍格瓦茨魔法學(xué)校的食堂，另一邊是哈佛的食堂 當(dāng)他們看到這些時(shí)， 他們說(shuō)，“肖恩，你為什么浪費(fèi)時(shí)間在哈佛研究快樂(lè)這個(gè)問(wèn)題呢? 說(shuō)真的，哈佛大學(xué)的學(xué)生有什么 感到不快樂(lè)的理由么?”

　　Embedded within that question is the key to understanding the science of happiness. Because what that question assumes is that our external world is predictive of our happiness levels, when in reality, if I know everything about your external world, I can only predict 10 percent of your long-term happiness. 90 percent of your long-term happiness is predicted not by the external world, but by the way your brain processes the world. And if we change it, if we change our formula for happiness and success, what we can do is change the way that we can then affect reality. What we found is that only 25 percent of job successes are predicted by I.Q. 75 percent of job successes are predicted by your optimism levels, your social support and your ability to see stress as a challenge instead of as a threat.

　　這個(gè)問(wèn)題恰恰包含了 理解快樂(lè)這門(mén)科學(xué)的關(guān)鍵。 因?yàn)檫@個(gè)問(wèn)題假設(shè)， 通過(guò)外部條件是可以預(yù)測(cè)我們的快樂(lè)程度的 。但實(shí)際上，如果我了解你所有的外部條件， 我只能預(yù)測(cè)你長(zhǎng)期快樂(lè)程度的10%。 剩下的90% 都不是靠外部條件可以預(yù)測(cè)的 ，而是取決于你的大腦如何理解這個(gè)世界。 如果我們做一點(diǎn)改變， 改變我們關(guān)于快樂(lè)和成功的定義準(zhǔn)則。 我們需要改變 自己影響現(xiàn)實(shí)的方式 。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)只有25%的職業(yè)成功 ，是由IQ決定的。 其余75% 是由你的積極程度、人脈 ，以及把壓力視為挑戰(zhàn)而不是威脅的能力決定的。

　　I talked to a boarding school up in New England, probably the most prestigious boarding school, and they said, "We already know that. So every year, instead of just teaching our students, we also have a wellness week. And we're so excited. Monday night we have the world's leading expert coming in to speak about adolescent depression. Tuesday night it's school violence and bullying. Wednesday night is eating disorders. Thursday night is elicit drug use. And Friday night we're trying to decide between risky sex or happiness." (Laughter) I said, "That's most people's Friday nights." (Laughter) (Applause) Which I'm glad you liked, but they did not like that at all. Silence on the phone. And into the silence, I said, "I'd be happy to speak at your school, but just so you know, that's not a wellness week, that's a sickness week. What you've done is you've outlined all the negative things that can happen, but not talked about the positive."

　　我跟新英格蘭一個(gè)寄宿學(xué)校談起這個(gè)問(wèn)題，這個(gè)學(xué)校應(yīng)該是最著名的寄宿學(xué)校。他們說(shuō)，“我們知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題， 所以每年，我們不僅教學(xué)，我們還有一周健康課。 這個(gè)事情讓我們都很興奮。周一晚上請(qǐng)世界著名專(zhuān)家， 來(lái)講青少年抑郁問(wèn)題。 周二晚上講校園暴力和恃強(qiáng)欺弱問(wèn)題 ，周三晚上是飲食紊亂問(wèn)題， 周四晚上是吸毒問(wèn)題 ，周五晚上我們正在討論危險(xiǎn)的性行為與快樂(lè)之間的.抉擇 。(笑聲) 我說(shuō)，“大多數(shù)人周五晚都考慮這個(gè)” (笑聲)， (掌聲) 很高興你們喜歡這個(gè)回答，但是他們似乎一點(diǎn)都不喜歡。 電話(huà)里一陣沉默， 為了打破沉默，我說(shuō)“我很樂(lè)意在貴校做演講， 但是你們也知道，這其實(shí)不是健康周，而是疾病周。 你們列出了可能發(fā)生的消極事情， 卻沒(méi)有提到積極的方面。”

　　The absence of disease is not health. Here's how we get to health: We need to reverse the formula for happiness and success. In the last three years, I've traveled to 45 different countries, working with schools and companies in the midst of an economic downturn. And what I found is that most companies and schools follow a formula for success, which is this: If I work harder, I'll be more successful. And if I'm more successful, then I'll be happier. That undergirds most of our parenting styles, our managing styles, the way that we motivate our behavior.

　　沒(méi)有疾病并不代表健康 我們應(yīng)該這樣獲得健康： 我們需要重新定義健康和成功的概念 過(guò)去的三年里，我到過(guò)45個(gè)國(guó)家 和那里的學(xué)校、公司合作 在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)期 我發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分公司和學(xué)校 有這樣一個(gè)成功的準(zhǔn)則，就是 如果我更努力，我就會(huì)更成功 如果我更成功，我就會(huì)更快樂(lè) 這符合我們大多數(shù)父母的教育方式，以及公司的管理方式 也符合我們行為激勵(lì)的原則

　　And the problem is it's scientifically broken and backwards for two reasons. First, every time your brain has a success, you just changed the goalpost of what success looked like. You got good grades, now you have to get better grades, you got into a good school and after you get into a better school, you got a good job, now you have to get a better job, you hit your sales target, we're going to change your sales target. And if happiness is on the opposite side of success, your brain never gets there. What we've done is we've pushed happiness over the cognitive horizon as a society. And that's because we think we have to be successful, then we'll be happier.

　　但問(wèn)題是從科學(xué)角度說(shuō)這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)是不成立的，是落后的，有兩點(diǎn)原因 第一，每次你覺(jué)得成功的時(shí)候 ，你就會(huì)對(duì)成功重新進(jìn)行定義。 比如你取得了好成績(jī)，接下來(lái)你必須取得更好的成績(jī)， 你進(jìn)了一所好學(xué)校，接下來(lái)你必須進(jìn)入更好的學(xué)校， 你找到了一個(gè)好工作，下一步你得找到一個(gè)更好的工作 ，你達(dá)到了銷(xiāo)售目標(biāo)，下一步必須制定更多的銷(xiāo)售目標(biāo) ，如果說(shuō)快樂(lè)在成功的相反面，你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)得到快樂(lè) ，我們所做的是把成功抬高到了 社會(huì)的認(rèn)知層面以外， 這是因?yàn)槲覀冇X(jué)得我們必須成功。 這樣才會(huì)快樂(lè)。

　　But the real problem is our brains work in the opposite order. If you can raise somebody's level of positivity in the present, then their brain experiences what we now call a happiness advantage, which is your brain at positive performs significantly better than it does at negative, neutral or stressed. Your intelligence rises, your creativity rises, your energy levels rise. In fact, what we've found is that every single business outcome improves. Your brain at positive is 31 percent more productive than your brain at negative, neutral or stressed. You're 37 percent better at sales. Doctors are 19 percent faster, more accurate at coming up with the correct diagnosis when positive instead of negative, neutral or stressed. Which means we can reverse the formula. If we can find a way of becoming positive in the present, then our brains work even more successfully as we're able to work harder, faster and more intelligently.

　　但真正的問(wèn)題是我們的大腦卻在相反的方向運(yùn)行， 如果你現(xiàn)在可以提高某個(gè)人的積極心理程度， 那么他的大腦就會(huì)經(jīng)歷我們稱(chēng)為快樂(lè)優(yōu)勢(shì)論的過(guò)程 。這時(shí)你的大腦在積極方面的表現(xiàn)， 明顯優(yōu)于 它在消極、中立或者沮喪方面的表現(xiàn) 。你的智商提高、創(chuàng)造力提高、精力也提高了 事實(shí)上，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)， 每件事的結(jié)果都改善了 。處于積極狀態(tài)的大腦的生產(chǎn)力比 處于消極、中立或者沮喪狀態(tài)下高31% ，你的銷(xiāo)售額能提高37% ，醫(yī)生得出正確診斷的速度和準(zhǔn)確率 也提高了19%。 當(dāng)他的大腦處于積極狀態(tài)而不是消極、中立或沮喪狀態(tài)下 ，這意味著我們可以徹底改變這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則 。如果現(xiàn)在我們可以找到一種使自己變得積極的方法， 那么大腦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)更成功， 我們會(huì)工作得更努力、更快速、更聰明。

　　What we need to be able to do is to reverse this formula so we can start to see what our brains are actually capable of. Because dopamine, which floods into your system when you're positive, has two functions. Not only does it make you happier, it turns on all of the learning centers in your brain allowing you to adapt to the world in a different way.

　　我們需要改變這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則， 所以我們現(xiàn)在就來(lái)看看大腦究竟有多大能力 。當(dāng)你有積極的心態(tài)時(shí)，多巴胺就會(huì)進(jìn)入你的大腦系統(tǒng)， 它有兩個(gè)作用， 多巴胺不僅可以使你更快樂(lè)， 同時(shí)還可以打開(kāi)大腦中所有的學(xué)習(xí)中心 ，讓你以另一種方式來(lái)適應(yīng)這個(gè)世界。

　　We've found that there are ways that you can train your brain to be able to become more positive. In just a two-minute span of time done for 21 days in a row, we can actually rewire your brain, allowing your brain to actually work more optimistically and more successfully. We've done these things in research now in every single company that I've worked with, getting them to write down three new things that they're grateful for for 21 days in a row, three new things each day. And at the end of that, their brain starts to retain a pattern of scanning the world, not for the negative, but for the positive first.

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以通過(guò)訓(xùn)練自己的大腦 ，來(lái)使自己更加積極， 在一個(gè)連續(xù)21天進(jìn)行的每次持續(xù)兩分鐘的實(shí)驗(yàn)里 ，我們可以重新連接你的大腦線(xiàn)路 ，使你的大腦可以變得 更積極、更成功 我們現(xiàn)在正在做這些研究。 在我合作過(guò)的每一個(gè)公司， 讓他們寫(xiě)下三件他們要感謝的事情，連續(xù)21天，每天三件新的事情 ，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束的時(shí)候， 他們的大腦會(huì)形成一種模式 ，首先會(huì)以積極的心態(tài)看待這個(gè)世界，而不是消極的。

　　Journaling about one positive experience you've had over the past 24 hours allows your brain to relive it. Exercise teaches your brain that your behavior matters. We find that meditation allows your brain to get over the cultural ADHD that we've been creating by trying to do multiple tasks at once and allows our brains to focus on the task at hand. And finally, random acts of kindness are conscious acts of kindness. We get people, when they open up their inbox, to write one positive email praising or thanking somebody in their social support network.

　　回顧過(guò)去24小時(shí)你經(jīng)歷的一件積極的事情， 會(huì)讓你的大腦重新經(jīng)歷一遍那件事情 。實(shí)踐告訴人們你的行為是很重要的， 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)冥想可以 ，使你克服文化多動(dòng)癥 。這個(gè)多動(dòng)癥是由于我們同時(shí)做不同的事情造成的。 冥想可以讓你的大腦集中精力在手頭的一項(xiàng)工作中。 最后，看似隨機(jī)的善舉其實(shí)是有意識(shí)的善舉， 當(dāng)人們打開(kāi)收件箱時(shí)， 我們讓他們寫(xiě)一封積極的郵件， 表?yè)P(yáng)或者感謝他們社交網(wǎng)中的某個(gè)人。

　　And by doing these activities and by training your brain just like we train our bodies, what we've found is we can reverse the formula for happiness and success, and in doing so, not only create ripples of positivity, but create a real revolution.

　　通過(guò)這些行為 ，就像訓(xùn)練身體一樣訓(xùn)練大腦。 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們可以徹底改變快樂(lè)和成功的準(zhǔn)則 通過(guò)這些事情，我們不僅可以創(chuàng)造出積極的影響力， 還可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)真正的革命。

　　Thank you very much.

　　非常感謝。